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关键词： Absence or presence coding   Chipless RFID tag   Frequency shift coding   Stepped impedance resonator  

摘要： This paper introduces a novel compact planar multiresonator with high surface encoding capacity, specifically designed for chipless RFID tag applications. The tag features eight Stepped Impedance Resonators (SIR) that operate within the 2.85 GHz to 5.37 GHz frequency range, providing a bandwidth of 2.52 GHz. A key characteristic of the tag is its ability to achieve unique resonating frequencies by modifying the dimensions of the stem and the width of the serif of each Stepped Impedance Resonator. The prototype tag is designed and fabricated on an RT5880 lossy substrate, which has a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The tag's identity is encoded in the spectral domain using the Absence or Presence Coding (APC) Technique and the Frequency Shift Coding (FSC) Technique. The reliability of the proposed design is validated through measured results from the fabricated prototype.

摘要： Indoor localization based on radio technology has been a long-standing issue for the past two decades. In this paper, we study the localization problem by using dual-tag range sensors. We show that the localization problem can be converted into a constrained optimization problem. Based on this, we then derive the constrained Cramer–Rao lower bound (CCRB) for the localization system to characterize the limiting localization accuracy of the system. Two types of estimators are used to solve the localization problem. The first is the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). The second is the GlobalSearch (GS) optimization algorithm. It is shown that the positioning performance of the MLE is close to the CCRB, but its computational burden is very heavy, making it only suitable for solving 2D localization problems. The GS algorithm gives good positioning performance for both 2D and 3D localization problems by closely following the trend of the CCRB, with the gap being within 3 dB in signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR). The computation time needed by the GS algorithm for both 2D and 3D localization problems is on the order of seconds. The dual-tag sensor approach is compared to the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) approach. It is shown that the SAR approach yields very good localization accuracies only for 2D localization problems and when SNR is high, but it does not work either for 3D localization problems or for 2D problems with low SNR.

关键词： Chipless RFID   Resonant frequency   Frequency-domain analysis   Time-domain analysis   Sensors   Radiofrequency identification   Receivers   Logic gates   Data mining   Costs  

摘要： Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) offers a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional RFID by eliminating integrated circuits in tags. In this work, we introduce a hybrid reader architecture for frequency-coded chipless RFID tags, combining the strengths of both time-domain and frequency-domain readers. The proposed system features a Gaussian impulse-based interrogation transmitter, realized using either a commercial impulse generator or a novel, low-cost logic gate-based impulse generator, and a software-defined radio (SDR) for wideband spectral analysis during reception. This design is compact, self-contained, and low-cost, making it well-suited for large-scale deployments. Experimental evaluations demonstrate reliable resonance detection and tag identification, with results closely matching those from a vector network analyzer (VNA). The reader achieves 1 MHz–6 GHz coverage and completes full-spectrum measurements in under 800 ms, showing less than 1.09% frequency deviation compared to the VNA. Furthermore, using the proposed reader, a machine learning-assisted tag identification experiment was conducted, yielding robust tag classification under noisy conditions, with accuracies of up to 98%.

关键词： RFID   智能巡检系统   燃气工程   应用  

摘要： 燃气工程作为城市生命线系统的核心,其安全运维面临传统人工巡检效率低、响应滞后及物联网技术适配性不足等难题。为解决这些问题,本文提出基于抗金属RFID与UWB融合的智能巡检系统,通过915MHz陶瓷基标签、结合改进型动态帧时隙ALOHA算法与UWB/RFID混合定位技术,构建多层异构架构。系统采用LoRaWAN/NB-IoT混合组网实现数据透传,应用层集成GIS数据库与边缘计算节点,结合改进算法生成最优巡检路径。通过省级燃气管网工程实践表明,巡检效率提升,泄漏响应时间缩短,定位精度高。系统通过硬件冗余设计、在线增量学习及动态功率调节等优化策略,显著提升复杂工况适应性,为燃气基础设施数字化转型提供了可推广的技术方案。可为燃气工程智能化改造提供技术参考,助力城市燃气安全运维体系建设。

关键词： Evaporation   Textiles   Fabrics   Radiofrequency identification   Monitoring   Capacitance   Antennas   Liquids   Impedance   Integrated circuit modeling  

摘要： This paper presents a low-cost, battery-free antenna-based sensor (ABS) method for monitoring fabric drying using Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. As part of the Industry 4.0 trend, the presented method offers a scalable and energy-efficient sensing solution for real-time data collection and process optimization in smart manufacturing environments. The proposed tag design combines a self-tuning integrated circuit (IC) with an absorbent textile material acting as a liquid container. The system exploits variations in the complex dielectric permittivity caused by the evaporation of the liquid in the tag antenna substrate to produce changes in the IC Sensor Code (SC). Several experiments are conducted on three different textile substrates: denim, polyester, and cotton, and the sensor performance is evaluated with respect to a physical model of liquid mass evaporation. The experimental results validate the sensor precision and repeatability over different realizations achieving a percentage mean absolute error ( ${\mathrm {MAE}}_{\%}$ ) below 10% across all tested materials. A gravimetric measurement is performed on a large textile sample to define a calibration procedure for the sensor. The results highlight the potential of passive UHF RFID sensors for monitoring humectation and evaporation processes in the textile industry.

关键词： 3D   Three-dimensional   3P’s   Planet, People, and Profit   5D   Five-dimensional   5G   Fifth-generation   5Vs   Volume, Value, Variety, Velocity, and Veracity   6G   Sixth-generation   AI   Artificial Intelligence   ANGEL   Automatic Network Guardian for Electrical Systems   APIs   Application Programming Interfaces   AR   Augmented Reality   AWS   Amazon Web Services   BDA   Big Data Analytics   BIM   Building Information Modeling   BMS   Building Management Systems   BN   Bayesian Network   CAD   Computer-aided Design   CC   Cloud Computing   CDBB   Center for Digital Built Britain   CE   Circular Economy   CFD   Computational Fluid Dynamic   CPS   Cyber-physical Systems   CSR   Corporate Social Responsibility   DfD   Design for Disassembly   DFS   Distributed File Storage   DL   Deep Learning   DT   Digital Twin   DTC   Dorar Tammam Contracting   DTWG   Digital Twin's Working Group   DXR   DT-founded Reality Capture to the Extended Reality   EC   Edge Computing   EPA   Environment Protection Agency   ESG   Environmental, Social, and Governance   FEM   Finite Element Model   GE   General Electric   GenAI   Generative AI   GHG   Global Greenhouse Gas   GIS   Geographic Information System   GPRS   General Packet Radio Service   HVAC   Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning   IBM   International Business Machines Corporation   ICT   Information and Communications Technologies   IoT   Internet of Things   IT   Information Technologies   KCC   AlKifah Contracting Company   KSA   Kingdom of Saudi Arabia   LiDAR   Light Detection and Ranging   MEP   Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing   ML   Machine Learning   MMLR   Mixed-methods-based Systematic Literature Review   MR   Mixed Reality   NASA   National Aeronautics and Space Administration   NFC   Near-field Communication   NNs   Neural Networks   PTC   Parametric Technology Corporation   QHSE   Quality, Health, Safety, and Environment   QR   Quick Response   ReSOLVE   Regenerate, Share, Optimize, Loop, Virtualize, and Exchange   RF   Random Forest   RFID   Radio Frequency Identification   SD   Sustainable Development   SDGs   Sustainable Development Goals   SLR   Systematic Literature Review   TBL   Triple Bottom Line   TXG   Technical Xperts Group   UK   United Kingdom   UN   United Nations   UNDP   United Nations Deve  

摘要： Ongoing global issues arising from rapid societal and economic development intensify resource extraction, ending in waste and emissions. Digital technology-empowered circular economy (CE) practices potentially encounter these issues, leading to sustainable development (SD). Digital twin (DT), a building block of emerging digital technologies, is extensively employed to automate and modernize construction phases and services. However, the broader research body reflects knowledge gaps and evidence inadequacies. This study seeks to disseminate awareness of DT and how its adoption reinforces confidence in CE practices, prospectively nurturing the way for triple bottom line (TBL) sustainability in construction. The study comprehensively and rigorously reviews DT deployment with a customized focus on building construction, delving into and analyzing the significance and bottlenecks. This research endeavors to apprise evidence of DT-driven CE uptake in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which has launched Vision 2030 to steer its nation towards a vibrant society, ambitious nation, and thriving economy. A four-step methodology is adopted for exploratory research case studies with a literature review. Pertinent literature is collected, focusing on 2020–2024. Subsequently, multiple cases from the KSA are explored to corroborate the phenomenon under scrutiny. Key findings discovered that DT capabilities enhanced with other technologies and tools strengthen physical and cyber systems and data infrastructure. DT-navigated CE shares a plethora of social, economic, and environmental opportunities in residential, industrial, and commercial buildings. This study encompasses theoretical and practical implications. It offers comprehensive insights into visionary concepts for the research community and construction industrialists, nurturing their understanding and motivating them to implement DT for CE catalysis, resulting in a multitude of TBL sustainable advantages. Besides, it bridg

关键词： 物联网   RFID   流程管理   数字化   可视化   生命周期管理  

摘要： 燃气行业当下在资产管理及监测方面,存在识别与数据更新缓慢问题亟待解决。本文以基于RFID技术的燃气设备设施管理系统为核心展开研究,借助物联网与大数据融合来创新,提出具有分层架构特点的管理系统,包含以射频识别技术为核的设备层、感知传输层、服务层、展示层,还设计配套数字化管理流程。文中对系统全面深入剖析,详解其架构、通信协议、功能实现等关键,其中无线射频识别技术在资产追踪及数据采集中优势明显,该系统于实时监控及安全预防维度收效显著,希望通过此项研究,能为燃气行业在效率与安全方面带来新助力。

关键词： Heavy metal detection   Wireless and passive RFID tag sensor   Rapid and onsite detection   Impedance matching   Spectral sensing  

摘要： In this work, a wireless and passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag sensor, which integrated a reduced graphene oxide/ion-selective membrane (rGO/ISM) chemiresistive sensing component, was developed for the onsite detection of Pb2+ in soil. Additionally, a new detection method combining impedance mismatch and spectral sensing technique for Pb2+ was proposed. Furthermore, the sensing mechanism of the RFID tag sensor was investigated in terms of the field-effect transistor (FET) transfer curve and antenna reflection coefficient. The charge density in the sensing component was altered by Pb2+, reducing resistance and modifying the tag antenna impedance. Impedance mismatch between the antenna and RFID chip was thereby induced, with varying degrees of mismatch directly altering the light-emitting diode (LED) luminous intensity on the tag sensor. Rapid detection (<2 s) via luminous intensity monitoring eliminated a vector network analyser (VNA), achieving a detection limit of 1.96 mu g/L. Ultimately, the sensing performance of the RFID tag sensor was verified through the detection of Pb2+ in real soil samples (recovery rates of 99-101 %, and RMSEs of 2.08-7.32 mu g/kg), indicating that the tag sensor offers a simple and effective solution for rapid and onsite detection of hazardous heavy metals in soil, with potential for practical application.

关键词： 无源物联网   无线感知   射频识别  

摘要： 基于RFID的无源物联网演进包括传统UHF RFID (简称单点式或无源1.0)、局域组网覆盖式(简称组网式或无源2.0)和广域蜂窝覆盖式(简称蜂窝式或无源3.0)这3个阶段,基于无源物联网的无线感知具有零供电、低成本、易部署的特点,可实现“可标记”“无限接近目标对象”的感知,随着蜂窝无源物联网的兴起,无源物联网无线感知将成为物联网泛在感知的重要支撑.首先介绍无源物联网的概念和演进路线,然后从感知原理出发,面向定位跟踪、物品状态、人体行为、生命体征这4类典型感知目标分析无源物联网无线感知技术的最新研究进展,鉴于当前大多数研究均采用传统UHF RFID商用设备获取信号特征进行数据处理,最后结合无源物联网的演进从新架构、新空口、新能力这3个层面分析基于无源物联网的无线感知技术演进方向,并从感知角度提出对新空口通感一体设计的思考,以期为无源物联网无线感知技术研究提供新的思路.

关键词： IoT   RFID   lightweight cryptography   SLIM   cryptanalysis  

摘要： SLIM is a lightweight block cipher proposed by Aboushosha et al. and it is designed for RFID systems. It features 32-bit block and 80-bit key size. In this paper, we search for impossible differential distinguishers and related-key differential distinguishers on SLIM by applying the constraint programming (CP) model based on satisfiability and the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT). Our findings have revealed impossible differential distinguishers up to 7 rounds. We also searched for related-key differential up to 26 rounds and found an 18 rounds path inducing a distinguisher. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 9-round SLIM is vulnerable to impossible differential attack. This attack requires 230$$ {2}<^>{30} $$ chosen plaintexts, 279$$ {2}<^>{79} $$ encryptions, and 212$$ {2}<^>{12} $$ bytes of memory complexity. Although this result does not achieve the best attack on round-reduced SLIM, this is the first finding using impossible differential attack. (c) 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.