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关键词： Authentication   Internet of Things   Object recognition   Gold   RFID tags   Performance evaluation   Feature extraction   Surface impedance   Impedance   Antennas   Device authentication   user authentication   RFID   deep learning  

摘要： User and device authentication are vital to the deployment of smart Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Unfortunately, achieving robust authentication on a diverse set of heterogeneous IoT devices remains an open problem. This article presents Scenario, a generic authentication method to support user-device authentication on a wide range of IoT devices, using RFID-based wireless sensing. Scenario only requires attaching an RFID tag on the target device surface. It then uses the unique RFID signal characteristics introduced by the device material and user gestures to perform device and user authentication. We developed a prototype of Scenario using commercial off-the-shelf devices and applied it to a multi-device smart environment. Experimental results show that Scenario is reliable, giving an average identification accuracy of 97.3% and 96.7% of the device and user authentication stages in diverse environments, respectively.

关键词： Temperature measurement   Humidity   Temperature sensors   Substrates   Semiconductor device measurement   Consumer electronics   Silver   Humidity measurement   Antenna measurements   Sensor applications   environmental sensor   printed electronics   radio-frequency identification (RFID)   sensor tag   sustainable   wireless   wireless  

摘要： The growing demand for sustainable and efficient environmental monitoring systems has driven the development of innovative sensor technologies. This study presents a hybrid ultra-high frequency radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor tag fabricated on uncoated paper substrate, which constitutes approximately 87% of the tag's mass thereby making the sensor tag more sustainable and eco-friendly. The sensor tag integrates an AS3213C.4 RFID chip together with an antenna, an interdigitated capacitor as a humidity sensor, pads, and interconnects. Temperature sensing is facilitated by the RFID chip's internal temperature sensor, while humidity is monitored through changes in the printed capacitor. All structures except for the chip were screen printed using a conductive silver ink. The silver layer exhibited a thickness of 5.6 mu m and a sheet resistance of 56.4 m Omega/sq, sufficient for wireless communication over a distance of 2 m. The sensor was wirelessly interrogated using a Kathrein antenna and reader system, with data retrieved via commercial software. Temperature tests demonstrated accurate readings from 26 degrees C to 80 degrees C, aligning with the chip's specifications of -40 degrees C to 125 degrees C, with a precision of 1 degrees C in the range of 10 degrees C to 50 degrees C. Humidity measurements in a climate chamber, conducted between 15% and 55% relative humidity, showed an average sensitivity of 0.45% per % humidity change. Hysteresis effects of 7.4% were observed due to the moisture absorption and structural changes of the paper substrate. This work highlights the potential of paper-based sensor tags for sustainable environmental monitoring, aligning with the principles of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT), while addressing the growing challenge of electronic waste.

关键词： Authentication   Counterfeit detection   Fingerprints   Mean Squared Error (MSE)   Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)   Physical Layer Security (PLS)   Structural Similarity Index (SSI)   Wavelets  

摘要： This paper presents a new method to tackle the security issues of chipless tag systems in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The strategy aims to prevent the cloning of tags by utilizing the intrinsic natural randomness in the manufacturing process. This research presents a novel approach to generate fingerprints for chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags using the unique backscattered electromagnetic (EM) responses, caused by inherent natural variations in resonator geometry, captured by a portable Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) reader. Using twenty-two tags, one authentic and twenty-one counterfeits, two separate sets of fingerprints were generated using both Frequency Domain (FD) and Time Domain (TD) data, respectively. The clone detection model achieved an accuracy of 98.41% in a 35 dB noisy environment using fingerprints generated from FD data and 92.07% in a 50 dB noisy environment using fingerprints derived from TD data. This was obtained by utilizing similarity metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Structural Similarity Index (SSI), offering a robust alternative to traditional tag authentication methods. The portability and affordability of the MIMO reader, combined with new opportunities for image-based identification, position this approach as a substantial advancement in the realm of authenticity verification for chipless RFID tags in the realm of IoT.

关键词： Humidity   Internet of Things (ioT)   Oxygen concentration   Robot   Screen printing   Sensor tag   Spray deposition   Temperature  

摘要： The increase in global population, climate change and the scarcity of resources are some of the reasons why the improvement of the agricultural sector has become a crucial issue for the future of our society. Recently, the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) has meant a revolution in many industries, including the agricultural sector, where the employment of this technology is considered the ideal formula to boost crop efficiency. In this work we present a complete high performance IoT solution, consisting of an innovative printed smart radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and an autonomous measuring system based on a robotic platform, designed for soil monitoring purposes. The smart RFID tags are employed to obtain soil parameters, crucial for the correct development of the crops: humidity, oxygen concentration and temperature. The tag is novelly developed on a humidity dependent and flexible transparent foil substrate. The former feature enables the direct measurement of relative humidity (RH) by a capacitive structure defined on the substrate while the latter characteristic allows the sensing of oxygen content via a membrane whose luminescence intensity changes with the influence of this parameter. Effects on the antenna response are measured when the tag is placed in soil environment at root depth to validate the excellent sensing behavior of the tag. Finally, to advance the scope of this work and to show the promising performance of the tags as part of a monitoring system in the field of smart agriculture, a robot equipped with an UHF reader and IoT features, capable of automating the finding and reading of the designed RFID tags, is designed. This robot sends the information via internet for its further processing, thus constituting a low-cost, large-scale and environmentally friendly solution, ideal for enhancing crops performance.

关键词： Authentication   IoT   Post-quantum cryptography   Security  

摘要： RFID technology is widely used for contactless identification and tracking across various sectors. However, the rise of quantum computing threatens classical cryptographic protocols. To address this, we propose a lightweight RFID protocol based on the Ring Learning With Errors (RLWE) problem, ensuring post-quantum security while maintaining efficiency for resource-constrained environments. The RLWE problem provides a strong foundation for constructing quantum-resistant cryptographic schemes. Formal security proofs using the random oracle model and Scyther tool confirm its robustness against attacks. Additionally, we evaluate the protocol's security, computation, and communication costs, demonstrating its feasibility for RFID systems. This work advances post-quantum cryptographic solutions for the Internet of Things (IoT) and other ubiquitous computing environments, ensuring long-term security and privacy.

关键词： chipless RFID   long range RFID   microwave barcode   radar cross section   Van Atta array  

摘要： This letter presents a new configuration of fully passive frequency-encoded chipless RFIDs with improved detectability at oblique angles of incidence and in the presence of clutter. The proposed architecture is comprised of a wideband Van Atta retrodirective array that rotates the polarization of the retransmitted signal by 90 degrees. The presence or absence of stopbands, generated by resonators along the feed lines, form a unique binary ID across frequency in the retrodirected signal. By using an array to point a cross-polarized beam toward the source, power transfer (and thus, range) is increased while reflections from surrounding objects are minimized. As a result, robust and affordable RFID tags may be designed for operation in cluttered environments with an optimal range of distances and angles. A prototype operating from 2.5 to 3.0 GHz is fabricated, and the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) is measured across frequency to demonstrate the retrodirective frequency-encoded chipless RFID concept.

关键词： Radiofrequency identification   Linear programming   Vectors   Symbols   Signal processing algorithms   Receiving antennas   Fluctuations   Encoding   Blind source separation   Antenna arrays   Mix source separation (MSS)   gradient descent algorithm   RFID   zero constant modulus criterion  

摘要： In this letter, we propose an efficient mix source separation (MSS) algorithm for collision resolution in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems equipped with an antenna array at the reader. We first introduce an approach that exploits the zero constant modulus (ZCM) criterion to separate colliding tags through gradient descent, without using pilot symbols. We show that the ZCM characteristic, considered alone, in the design of the objective function can lead to significant ambiguities in the determination of the beamformers used in the recovery of tag messages. To address this limitation, we propose a more sophisticated approach, relying on a hybrid objective function, incorporating a new ambiguity-raising criterion in addition to the ZCM criterion.

关键词： RFID sensors   Sleep disorder detection   Sport psychology   Athletes health monitoring   Machine learning  

摘要： Sleep disorders like sleep apnea and insomnia significantly impair athletes' recovery and performance. Sleep apnea, exacerbated in supine positions due to increased airway resistance, and insomnia, evidenced by fragmented sleep and restlessness, highlight the necessity of monitoring sleep postures. This study introduces a novel RFID-embedded smart mattress capable of non-invasive monitoring and detection of these disorders by capturing body postures and movements using passive RFID sensors. A multi-layered mattress design integrates advanced RFID technology with machine learning algorithms-Gaussian process regression (GPR) and linear regression (LR)-to classify postures and detect movement anomalies. Evaluated with data from five participants in supine and prone positions, the system achieved a posture recognition root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.42 and movement detection RMSE of 0.15. Data processing included standardization and Gaussian filtering for enhanced accuracy, with a 5-fold cross-validation framework ensuring robust performance. The results demonstrate the mattress's effectiveness as a cost-efficient, non-intrusive alternative to traditional polysomnography, offering insights for early detection and management of sleep disorders. This approach shows significant potential for sports psychology applications, enabling personalized recovery strategies and performance optimization. Future work will focus on expanding the dataset, integrating additional biometric sensors, and refining algorithms to improve diagnostic accuracy and real-time usability in clinical and home settings.

摘要： The project proposes an RFID-based fuel dispenser system to modernize conventional fuel systems, addressing inefficiencies, security vulnerabilities, and limitations in tracking and monitoring fuel transactions. The IoT program integrates various equipment and programming to create new gadgets. The system aims to make fuel operation less difficult, more reliable, and safer, ensuring the same amount of fuel is provided to customers and preventing fraud at different fuel stations. It uses human-software interaction and web-enabled procedures to prevent errors. The system uses user account information for fuel selection and dispensing, maintaining transaction logging and user account management for transparency and accessibility.