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关键词： RFID strategic values   RFID tags with technology coordination tools   SCM   Fuzzy AHP   Fuzzy TOPSIS  

摘要： PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the radio frequency identification (RFID) strategic value attributes (RFIDSVAs) mechanism selections preferences and also integration of RFID tags with technology coordination tools (IRTWTCTs) alternatives ranking performance decisions in supply chain management (SCM). RFID-enabled techno-economic feasibility decisions are enhancing the SC visibility in apparel supply chains (ASCs). The RFIDSVAs mechanism selections have performed significant agility to strategic competitive advantages, namely, inventory visibility, multi-tags ownership transfer within trusted third party, etc. Design/methodology/approachFuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and FAHP-fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) approaches have been used to evaluate the quantitative assessment of RFIDSVA mechanisms selection decision based on weight priority orders and IRTWTCTs alternatives selection in ASC networks. The comparison of FAHP and FAHP-FTOPSIS approaches to evaluate the integrated framework develop in RFIDSVAs mechanisms and IRTWTCTs alternatives selection decisions in Indian multi-tier ASC networks. FindingsThe result found that the FAHP-FTOPSIS approaches have used to prioritizing the RFIDSVA mechanism selection weights and also identify the IRTWTCTs alternatives ranking preferences order in apparel SCM. The comparison between the FAHP and FAHP-FTOPSIS approach to quantitative assessments from RFIDSVA mechanisms and IRTWTCTs alternatives selection decisions, which enable them SC agility potential across multi-tier visibility in ASC networks. ASC stakeholders can be benefited by techno-economic feasibility decisions, RFID-enabled shop floor activities, multi-tags ownerships transfer in SCs and knowledge-based cryptography tags/items separation in SCs. Research limitations/implicationsThe research work has considered only five RFIDSVA mechanisms and also three integration of RFIDTWTCTs alternatives i

关键词： Simulation   Computational modeling   Mathematical models   Real-time systems   Iterative algorithms   Filtering theory   Data models  

摘要： RFID technologies attract more attention for its good performance in many applications. Indoor location based on active RFID technologies provides an approach with a high performance to price ratio, which further expands the applications. This paper proposes a new algorithm, which is based on analysis of LANDMARC algorithm and the general Bayesian-based algorithm. Our algorithm is essentially a Bayesian-based algorithm, but it makes some improvements to overcome the drawbacks of LANDMARC algorithm and the general Bayesian-based algorithm. Simulation results show that our algorithm can provide better performance than LANDMARC algorithm and the general Bayesian-based algorithm.

关键词： Mechanical stability  

摘要： The concept of sensing environmental parameters in the air has been raised recently by utilizing drone-based, insect-based, or wind-dispersal-based mechanisms using different system infrastructures. Interestingly, wind-dispersal mechanisms use no driving mechanical system and can be dispersed only by the wind power to scan and sense selected areas of interest. Additionally, Ultra High Frequency (UHF) passive Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology is considered with a low-cost infrastructure and high coding capacity of 96 bits in which RFID tags operate without the need for a battery. In this paper, we propose a system of wind-dispersal fliers which are coded and localized based on passive UHF RFID technology toward sensing environmental parameters (e.g. temperature) at a specific position in space. For the flier’s mechanical design, a 2D structure is first designed, inspired by winged seeds, that consists of four wings with asymmetrical cross-sections between them in order to provide better mechanical stability during descent and more integration solutions with UHF RFID tags. The 2D structure is then transformed into 3D configurations by tilting the blades at different angles and utilizing different curvatures. By introducing porosity in the 3D design and optimizing the blades’ angles and curvature, a low terminal velocity of 1.64 m/s is achieved based on measurements. The fliers are fabricated using Laser Sintering from Polyamide 12 (PA12) which has a low weight and good mechanical properties with a low thickness of 200µm. For system demonstration toward reliable identification, localization, and tracking of fliers during falling, distributed reader antennas are used to interrogate a coded flier equipped with a passive RFID tag that uses a UHF Gen2 chip. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based localization is used with an adaptive trilateration algorithm to tackle environmental impairments. The averaged measured location error achieved based on th

关键词： Decoding  

摘要： Open-Domain Question Answering (ODQA) systems necessitate a reader model capable of generating answers by simultaneously referring to multiple passages. Although representative models like Fusion-in-Decoder (FiD) have been proposed to address this challenge, these systems can inadvertently rely on spurious features instead of genuine causal relationships between the question and the passages to generate answers. To counter this problem, we introduce the Rational Fusion-in-Decoder (RFiD) model. Our model leverages the encoders of FiD to differentiate between causal relationships and spurious features, subsequently guiding the decoder to generate answers informed by this discernment. Experimental results on two ODQA datasets, Natural Questions (NQ) and TriviaQA (TQ), demonstrate that our model surpasses previous methods, achieving improvements of up to 1.5 and 0.7 in Exact Match scores on NQ, and exhibits an enhanced ability to identify causal relationships. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： array antenna   ESPAR antenna   high-gain communication   mutual coupling   WSN  

摘要： In this paper, in order to improve the received signal strength (RSS) and signal quality, three arrays of electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas are suggested for the ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) communication and sensing system applications. Instead of the single antenna, the array antennas have recently been widely used in many communication systems because of their peak gains, better radiation patterns, and higher radiation efficiency. Also, there are some important issues to use the antenna array like high data rates in wireless communication systems and to better understand the many targets or sensors. In this article, a wireless sensor network (WSN) is being investigated to overcome multipath fading and interference by antenna nulling technology that can be achieved through beam control ESPAR array antennas. The proposed ESPAR array antennas exhibit higher gains like 9.63, 10.2, and 12 dBi and proper radiation patterns from one array to another. Moreover, we investigate the mutual coupling effect on the performance of array antennas with different spacing (0.5 lambda, 0.75 lambda, lambda) and configurations. It is found that the worst mutual coupling reduced by -28 to -34 dB for 2 x 2 array, -3 to -43 dB for 2 x 3 array, and finally -42 dB to -51 dB due to the antenna spacing from 0.5 lambda to lambda. Thus, these suggested antennas could effectively be applied in the WSN communication systems, internet of things (IoT) networks, and massive wireless and backscatter communication systems.

关键词： Electric power transmission  

摘要： Pollution diagnosis is difficult and costly for power grid operators. For the purpose of have an effective, low-cost and user-friendly pollution diagnosis, a Radio Frequency Identification prototype is proposed - an RFID tag for identifying and monitoring pollution in high voltage towers. For that, the following steps were performed: dielectric characterization of artificial pollution;project via simulation of RFID tags for application in metallic towers;manufacture, validation and testing of tags;sensitivity analysis of tag reach;and computational algorithm for signal treatment and subsequent identification. Pollution identification was based on variations of the Received Signal Intensity Indicator (RSSI) by the reader as a function of the amount of pollution deposited. The validation and testing of the tags were carried out in an external environment with an emulation of a de-energized high voltage tower. For all levels of deposited pollution analyzed, the average maximum reach of the signal reading, in an external environment, was 18 meters. The RSSI data, obtained by reading the RFID tag, were processed and analyzed to identify the pollution deposited on the high voltage transmission towers. The results demonstrated the potential of the tags for identification and monitoring pollution levels in high voltage metal towers. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Localization RFID   Presence probability   Read count   Reference tags  

摘要： In this paper, we propose a new robust algorithm to improve the localization accuracy without using additional materials. This algorithm is based on a probabilistic approach which only uses the read count (number of detection) of reference and target tags. The localization is performed through two steps. The first step consists of estimating a local position of object tags in a given zone, while in the second step, all estimated local positions are used to calculate one global position. Furthermore, a complementary study concerning the influence of reference tags positions, the movement nature and the coverage of the work area is presented and discussed. For the proof of concept, a series of tests were elaborated with the proposed localization system created comprising conventional passive EPCglobal Class-1 Gen-2 UHF RFID tags, a commercial UHF RFID reader and a laptop. Measurements are carried out in an indoor environment where the 5.5 mx1.25 m measurement zone was placed on drywalls. The experimental results show that the present algorithm gives higher localization accuracy than the conventional ones.

关键词： Liquids   Radiofrequency identification   Glucose   Pollution measurement   Sensors   Feature extraction   Glass   Alcohol and glucose solution   concentration detection   phase and received signal strength indicator (RSSI)   particle swarm optimisation (PSO)-gated recurrent unit (GRU)-recurrent neural network (RNN)   radio frequency identification (RFID) system  

摘要： Solution concentration detection plays an important role in many real-life applications. For example, alcohol concentration detection can prevent cases where low-concentration liquor red is used to replace high-concentration liquor, while glucose concentration detection can be used to prevent diabetes. In this article, the radio frequency-liquid recurrent neural network (RF-LqRNN) system is proposed, which can classify solution concentrations using an inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf radio frequency (RF) identification device. The proposed system uses the feature that the phase and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of RF signals across solutions of different concentrations are different. Measurements of the two features were obtained at different concentrations and input into a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-recurrent neural network (RNN) to train a solution concentration classification model. The experimental results show that 98.5% classification accuracy can be achieved for ten alcohol solution concentrations, and 97.3% classification accuracy can be achieved for ten glucose solution concentrations. The effects of ceramic, glass, paper, and plastic containers on solution concentration classification are also investigated, and it is determined that the solution concentration classification accuracy is the lowest in ceramic containers and the highest in plastic containers. Even at the lowest accuracies achieved in ceramic containers, the proposed method achieves more than 94% in the classification of the concentration of alcohol and glucose solutions.

关键词： Antennas   Sensors   Substrates   Sensor phenomena and characterization   RFID tags   Polarization   Metals   Circular polarized (CP)   conveyer belt applications   Internet of Things (IoT) systems   radio frequency identification (RFID)   tag antenna  

摘要： This article presents a bio-inspired circularly polarized ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna for metallic and low-permittivity substances. This tag design is based on a leaf-shaped radiator, two shorting stubs, and slots etched on F4B substrate. Initially, the tag antenna is designed using a characteristics mode analysis (CMA) by analyzing the first six characteristic modes (CM) and characteristic angles. The width of orthogonal slots is varied to get the resonance of CM modes in the required US RFID band. Moreover, the edges are blended to get orthogonal current distribution, which is necessary for circular polarization. In addition, the proposed tag design is optimized further using CST Microwave studio and an RFID chip is exploited as a capacitive coupling element (CCE) to run CM modes with the orthogonal current pattern. This tag can also be tunable to European RFID (EU) band (866-868 MHz) by changing the length of shorter diagonal slot. The tag design offers a read range of 7-4.5 m on $100\times100$ mm2 metals plate and low-permittivity substrates (for the 902-928-MHz band). In the EU band, the corresponding read ranges are 5.7 and 3.5 m above metal and low-permittivity objects, respectively. This circularly polarized tag antenna is advantageous in terms of cost, circular polarization feature, and ease of fabrication due to the absence of vias, shorting pins, and matching circuits. Therefore, this tag design is suitable for labeling various low-permittivity objects, industrial conveyer belt applications, baggage handling systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

关键词： Radio frequency identification   encoder architecture   permutation   mutual authentication protocol   ultra-lightweight   FPGA implementation  

摘要： Internet of things (IoT) has evolved as the internet of everything, and it has grabbed the interest of all the researchers in recent days. Almost all the objects, including nonelectronics devices, can also be connected with the internet through radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The security of the perception layer is crucial to secure the entire IoT network. RFID-enabled IoT perception layer has secured reader-to-server channel and unsecured tag to reader channel. Hence, securing the unsecured communication channel between the reader and the tag is the need of the hour. This work proposes a simple yet secure permutation approximate adder (SYSPXA)-based RFID mutual authentication protocol to address the need. The proposed protocol dramatically reduces the tag's storage and computational overhead. It needs 40% less storage and 66.7% less permutation operation in comparison with the existing protocols. Nondisclosure of the key and freshness of key, IDS and random numbers at every mutual authentication process gives resistance to the protocol against de-synchronization attack, disclosure attack, tag tracking, replay attack. The SYSPXA protocol is validated for its security features using Burrows-Abadi- Needham (BAN) logic formal verification. The performance and security of the proposed protocol are contrasted with various futuristic permutation-based protocols, and its superiority over other protocols is highlighted. We have simulated the SYSPXA protocol with ModelSim tool for verifying its functionality. The protocol encoder architecture is implemented in the Intel cyclone IV Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) EP4CE115F29C7 device.