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关键词： Metamaterials  

摘要： This research paper proposes a novel high-gain, miniature antenna based on metamaterial (MTM) concepts for radio frequency identification (RFID) reader applications. FR4 substrate with thickness of 1.6 mm is used to fabricate the proposed antenna and has a compact footprint (46 × 45 mm2). To enhance gain and enable miniaturization, metamaterials are incorporated into the antenna design. The structure features an S-shaped meander line with strategically placed gaps and slots, maintaining compactness while improving performance. The proposed antenna operates in the UHF band (860–960 MHz) with a bandwidth of 33 MHz and a return loss less than −10 dB of −33 dB at 0.912 GHz, indicating excellent impedance matching. Additionally, it demonstrates a secondary band performance at 2.5 GHz, suitable for RFID applications. The design and simulation are conducted using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), with performance evaluated in terms of return losses, radiation patterns and gain, achieving a peak gain of 7.1 dB at 0.912 GHz. The antenna design is validated experimentally, confirming its suitability for RFID application. The antenna also offers the advantages of simple structure, compact size and compatibility with RFID systems and demonstrates salient performance compared with recent designs. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： RFID tag   Textile industry   Inventory management   Integration methods   Affixed tags   Embroidered tags   Printed tags   Woven tags  

摘要： The textile industry requires real-time tracking of products for effective inventory management and to prevent inventory shrinkage. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags have proved to be an efficient solution for tracking products in the textile industry. Several integration methodologies for RFID tags in textile industries have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of real-time product tracking. This paper provides a survey of textile-based RFID tag integration methods. A comparative study of these tags and their performance has been presented. This paper aims to provide insights for researchers to establish new research agendas in adopting various integration methods for RFID tags in the textile industry.

关键词： Carbon dioxide determination   Composite material   Light intensity measurement   Microstrip antenna   Passive RFID  

摘要： A passive coding monopod antenna sensor (RFID) tag based on a composite material of titanium dioxide (TiO)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is studied. This sensor can be used to precisely measure light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration. Under the illumination of light with an intensity ranging from 4 to 18.1 klx, the input echo suffered a loss of - 21.88 dB. The response time of the tag to the light intensity was 9.8 s, and the recovery time was 19.2 s. The label generated a frequency point change of 124 MHZ at a carbon dioxide concentration ranging from 700 to 1900 ppm. The response time to the carbon dioxide concentration was 5.2 s, and the recovery time was 18.4 s. After testing and evaluation, this label has excellent stability, repeatability, and responsiveness under normal conditions.

关键词： RFID   Sound eavesdropping   audio cable   electromagnetic variation  

摘要： When sound signals are transmitted via audio cables in form of current signals, detectable electromagnetic leakage is emitted around the cables, which could reveal the sound content being transmitted. This paper presents a sound eavesdropping system, EMTap, which senses electromagnetic variation around audio cables leveraging an RFID tag attached to an audio cable for sound content recovery. In some audiovisual scenarios with audio cables, such as offices and meeting rooms, it is assumed that attackers secretly attach a small, battery-free RFID tag to an audio cable without being noticed. Meanwhile, RFID readers are camouflaged as decorations/public facilities placed in/out of rooms to transmit and receive RF signals. When the sound signals are transmitted via audio cables, EMTap first activates the RFID tag to capture the electromagnetic variation patterns around audio cables upon RF signals. Then, EMTap reconstructs sound spectrograms from RF signal-based electromagnetic variation patterns utilizing a designed cross-modal Generative model, Nonlinear Stable Diffusion Model (NSDM). Finally, EMTap converts the sound spectrograms to sound content through sound recognition API. Extensive experiments demonstrate that EMTap achieves an average Mel-Cepstral Distortion (MCD) of 5.49 and Word Error Rate (WER) of 16.19% for eavesdropping on sound transmitted via audio cables.

摘要： Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags collect real-time location information in IoT-based asset-tracking applications, rendering security and privacy crucial. Recently, an Ultralightweight RFID Mutual Authentication Protocol (URMAP) has been proposed, claiming to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of tag/reader pair. This paper challenges the confidentiality claim of the protocol by demonstrating three secret-disclosure attack models. Probabilistic tango cryptanalysis extracts the tag’s identification information with an average success rate of 84.375%. In addition, a functional attack is executed mainly by exploiting the unbalanced nature of encryption primitives, i.e., bit-wise AND and OR operators, to receive all of the tag’s attributes deterministically. Grover’s search-based brute force attack challenges the quantum resilience of the protocol by retrieving attributes associated with all tags within the identification network. To mitigate these vulnerabilities, an enhanced protocol, URMAP $$^+$$ , is proposed, which retains the strengths of URMAP while addressing its security flaws. As a future direction, this article advocates for a paradigm shift toward post-quantum ultralightweight ciphers.

关键词： 档案   智能化管理   高频无线射频识别(RFID)技术   阅读器   安全管理  

摘要： 针对传统档案管理准确性差、系统兼容性不足及数据安全隐患等问题,本文提出了一种基于高频无线射频识别(RFID)技术的解决方案。通过分析传统管理模式与信息化现状的局限性,引入高频RFID技术架构,结合电磁感应原理与系统组成,提出优化信号传输的抗干扰技术、强化系统兼容性、增强数据安全策略。结果表明:该技术可提升档案识别速度与存储准确性,降低人工成本,有效解决信号干扰与隐私泄露问题,并通过标准化集成与加密技术保障系统安全,为档案智能化管理提供了高效、可靠的技术支持。

关键词： Poultry   Laying hen   RFID   Tibia   Humerus   Breaking load  

摘要： The high laying rates of domestic hens places significant strain on the calcium metabolism in their bones and shell glands. Behavioural and physical impacts of housing systems begin during pullet development, but exercise is still important throughout lay for maintaining bone strength. Free-range systems may improve bone strength for those hens that range more. This study assessed the effects of rearing enrichment for pullets housed in experimental floor pens. Perching and wing-flapping behaviour, and bone breaking load at the end of rearing were measured. Perching behaviour was observed throughout the flock cycle and bone breaking load assessed at the end of lay in hens that differed in range use. As predicted, pullets perched more when they were given perching structure enrichments compared with pullets exposed to varying novel objects or control pullets. However, this did not affect the breaking load of the pullets' tibias. The novelty treatment pullets had the lowest humeral breaking load, but wing-flapping behaviour was observed equally across treatments. During lay, the novelty treatment hens perched the most and showed the highest tibial breaking load at the end of lay. Differing range use patterns were not correlated with the breaking load of the tibias or humeri. This study indicates that enriched rearing environments can have long-term impacts on hen behaviour and subsequent skeletal health, but that more time spent outside on the range does not impact bone strength. Further research should continue to explore the behavioural and physical effects of enrichments provided in floor-based laying hen rearing systems.

关键词： Couplings   Liquids   Sensors   Accuracy   Training   RFID tags   RF signals   Mutual coupling   Interference suppression   Data mining   RFID sensing   phase and RSSI   tag coupling suppression   improved GRU   concentration detection of liquid  

摘要： Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology emerges as a crucial tool for passive sensing due to the lightweight, taggable, and easily deployable attributes of tags. However, RFID multi-tag systems face significant accuracy degradation due to tag mutual coupling interference. To address this problem, we propose the RF-Copy method, a tagged coupling interference suppression approach. The method constructs RSSI and phase models with coupled terms, simplifies and estimates these parameters based on the models, and develops an interference suppression algorithm to remove coupling effects and extract 'clean' signal fingerprints. Experimental results demonstrate that the decoupled outputs (0.318 dB RSSI, 0.623 radians phase) closely approach the interference-free baseline values (0.392 dB, 0.649 radians). We apply the RF-Copy method to evaluate the tag mutual coupling suppression effectiveness in nondestructive white wine and wine concentration recognition. This process generates 'clean' RSSI and phase values, which serve as input features for training a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural network integrated with an attention mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves unopened-package detection accuracies of 99.0% (white wine) and 99.6% (wine). Compared to other methods, the RF-Copy-GRU not only improves sensing accuracy but also demonstrates robustness against interference.

关键词： Protocols   Radiofrequency identification   Lower bound   Reliability   Filters   Real-time systems   Interference   Estimation   Data mining   Security   RFID systems   category information sampling   execution time   lower bound   near-optimal protocol  

摘要： In many RFID-enabled applications, objects are classified into different categories, and the information associated with each object's category (called category information) is written into the attached tag, allowing the reader to access it later. The category information sampling in such RFID systems, which is to randomly choose (sample) a few tags from each category and collect their category information, is fundamental for providing real-time monitoring and analysis in RFID. However, to the best of our knowledge, two technical challenges, i.e., how to guarantee a minimized execution time and reduce collection failure caused by missing tags, remain unsolved for this problem. In this paper, we address these two limitations by considering how to use the shortest possible time to sample a different number of random tags from each category and collect their category information sequentially in small batches. In particular, we first obtain a lower bound on the execution time of any protocol that can solve this problem. Subsequently, we present a near-OPTimal Category information sampling protocol (OPT-C) that solves the problem with an execution time close to the lower bound. Finally, extensive simulation results demonstrate the superiority of OPT-C over existing protocols, while real-world experiments further validate its practicality.

关键词： Chipless RFID tag   Backscattering   Read range   Orientation independence   Flexible substrate  

摘要： A chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag with a symmetric octagonal design for supply chain applications is presented in this paper. This passive RFID tag is studied using four different flexible substrates. Its symmetric octagonal design guarantees insensitivity to polarization and hence orientation independence. The response of the tag's Radar Cross Section (RCS) in the frequency domain is used to evaluate its performance. The tag is 0.03 m x 0.03 m in size and can code up to nine bits. It has a spectral bit density of 1.63 bits/GHz and a bit density of 1 bits/cm2 using PTFE substrate. The tag has read range of 1.3 m, 1.4 m, 1.25 m, and 1.2 m using PTFE, Kapton, jean, and cotton respectively. This design has good commercial use as it has good read range, orientation independence, flexibility with moderate coding capacity. Because the tag can transfer information over a UWB frequency range, it can be used in tracking and advanced medical applications.