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关键词： chipless RFID   nitrogen dioxide   chemical sensing   microwave sensor   tin oxide  

摘要： NO2 is an important environmental pollutant and is harmful to human health even at very low concentrations. In this paper, we propose a novel chipless RFID sensor able to work at room temperature and to detect sub-ppm concentration of NO2 in the environment. The sensor is made of a metallic resonator covered with NO2-sensitive tin oxide and works by monitoring both the frequency and the intensity of the output signal. The experimental measurements show a fast response (a few minutes) but a very slow recovery. The sensor could therefore be used for non-continuous threshold monitoring. However, we also demonstrated that the recovery can be strongly accelerated upon exposure to a UV source. This opens the way to the reuse of the sensor, which can be easily regenerated after prolonged exposure and recycled several times.

关键词： Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID)   radar   reading method   robustness   scatterer   sensor  

摘要： In this article, a novel method to improve the readability of chipless tags is presented. When the EM wave falls upon the tag's surface at normal incidence or with a known incidence, the proposed approach permits to obtain a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of resonators whose orientation with respect to the normal to the plane in which the tag is positioned is unknown and, thus, to increase the reading distance of the tag. It introduces a technique based on the detection of this tag orientation in relation to the antennas;a projection of the signals will allow correcting this misalignment in order to always be able to decode the tag identifier on a signal that corresponds to an ideal alignment between the tag and the antennas. With this principle, it is also possible to separate the resonance mode of the resonator that is connected to the identifier from other parasitic resonance modes that may appear due to a possible misalignment between the tag and the antenna. This principle is applied to loop resonators commonly used in chipless radio frequency identification (RFID), which can present strong parasitic modes of resonance. Also, this method makes the reading orientation invariant, allowing to read the resonator whatever its orientation with respect to the normal to the plane in which the tag is positioned. Likewise, the proposed method can be also used to sense this resonator orientation. This method requires a dual-polarization antenna and a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA). Results are validated in simulation and with real-environment measurements for a single resonator and multiple resonators, as it is classically used in chipless RFID technology. Measurements in a harsh environment, as well as comparisons with classical techniques, such as time gating (TG), are presented. A study on the improvement of the read range is achieved to highlight the potential of the proposed technique. A reading distance of more than 80 cm was, thus, obtained, which repre

关键词： UHF RFID   smart device   smartwatch   authentication   access control  

摘要： Commodity ultra-high-frequency (UHF) RFID authentication systems only provide weak user authentication, as RFID tags can be easily stolen, lost, or cloned by attackers. This paper presents the design and evaluation of SmartRFID, a novel UHF RFID authentication system to promote commodity crypto-less UHF RFID tags for security-sensitive applications. SmartRFID explores extremely popular smart devices and requires a legitimate user to enroll his smart device along with his RFID tag. Besides authenticating the RFID tag as usual, SmartRFID verifies whether the user simultaneously possesses the associated smart device with both feature-based machine learning and deep learning techniques. The user is considered authentic if and only if passing the dual verifications. Comprehensive user experiments on commodity smartwatches and RFID devices confirmed the high security and usability of SmartRFID. In particular, SmartRFID achieves a true acceptance rate of above 97.5% and a false acceptance rate of less than 0.7% based on deep learning. In addition, SmartRFID can achieve an average authentication latency of less than 2.21 s, which is comparable to inputting a PIN on a door keypad or smartphone.

关键词： Radiofrequency   Identification   AVISPA tool   Security   Authentication  

摘要： Traditional radio frequency identification (RFID) research mainly focused on enhancing the security of RFID protocol in different RFID applications like supply chains based on a centralized database. Secure and transparent transmission of goods is one of the prime issues in the supply chain management system. Bandwidth is the essential factor that affects the safe transition of goods in the supply chain. To fulfil bandwidth requirements, the 5G-enabled Internet of Things is a solution in the domain of Mobile edge computing. To successfully fill this gap, we present a secure, efficient ultra-lightweight blockchain-enabled RFID authentication protocol suitable for a supply chain in the field of 5G with mobile edge computing named ULBRAPS. Next, Blockchain is the core technology that provides data security, transparency, and scalability and prevents counterfeiting in supply chain management. Our proposed ULBRAPS comprises a one-way cryptographic secure hash function, bit-by-bit exclusive-or (XOR), and bit-by-bit rotation operation. Besides this, intensive security analysis of the presented protocol is performed on the extensively accepted AVISPA tool, confirming that ULBRAPS is secure. Eventually, ULBRAPS is proven outstanding efficient, safe, and has better computational and communication costs than other relevant protocols.

关键词： Game theory   Capital -constrained manufacturer   Newsvendor   RFID   Financing option  

摘要： This paper uses a newsvendor game model to investigate RFID adoption strategy in a supply chain incorporating a retailer with misplaced inventory problem and a capital-constrained manufacturer who has limited access to the advanced payment financing or the peer-to-peer (P2P) financing. Our work endeavors to investigate the interaction between supply chain members' RFID adoption strategy and the manufacturer's financing decision. We solve the model analytically and obtain several interesting findings. The RFID technology can be adopted precisely when the unit RFID tagging cost falls below a certain threshold. One Surprising finding is that RFID adoption has two effects, a negative effect can exacerbate the manufacturer's financial difficulties, and a positive effect can alleviate or even essentially change the manufacturer's financial status. However, such fundamental changes are restricted by the size of retailer's misplacement rate. Also surprisingly, we expose that the manufacturer's financing decision is significantly influenced by RFID adoption strategy at a middle level of initial capital. With the differentiated sizes of the lower limit of initial capital, the manufacturer will adjust financing decision in response to RFID adoption strategy.

关键词： wireless   temperature   strain   sensor   composites   FRP   RFID   structural health monitoring  

摘要： Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) offer huge potentials for energy efficient applications. Special care must be taken during both FRP fabrication and usage to ensure intended material properties and behavior. This paper presents a novel approach for the monitoring of the strain and temperature of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials in the context of both production process monitoring and structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The sensor is designed to be integrated into GFRPs during the production process, and the sensor concept includes possibilities of automated placement during textile layup. To minimize sensor impact on GFRP integrity and to simplify vacuum setup and part handling, the sensor operates without the need for either wires or a battery. In the first sections of this work, sensor concept, design and prototype fabrication are presented. Subsequently, it is shown how the sensors can be used for flow front monitoring and cure estimation during GFRP production by measuring local resin temperature. The resulting specimens are then characterized regarding strain measurement capabilities, mechanical influence on the host component and overall system limitations. Average strain sensor accuracy is found to be & LE;0.06 mm/m, while a maximum operation temperature of 126.9 & DEG;C and a maximum reading distance of 38 mm are measured. Based on a limited number of bending tests, no negative influence of sensor presence on breaking strength could be found. Possible applications include structural components, e.g., wind turbine blades or boat hulls.

关键词： Privacy   Codes   Query processing   Education   Medical services   Load management   Security  

摘要： Due to the characteristics of P2P network, the correctness of P2P RFID code resolution service is not guaranteed. In this paper, a novel secure communication mechanism for the P2P RFID code resolution network is proposed based on double random numbers. In this mechanism, the nodes involved in the resolution process generate random numbers, and the random numbers are used for node authentication and message authentication. Based on Kademlia, the proposed secure communication mechanism in the P2P RFID code resolution network is implemented. In experiments, the P2P RFID code resolution network with the proposed secure communication mechanism is not only load balancing, extensible, and node failure tolerant, but also highly efficient in code resolution. At last, the future work is presented.

关键词： Industry 4.0  

摘要： IoT, Industry 4.0, and ubiquitous applications demand an intense exchange of information between actors (humans, animals, plants, or other objects) and things. Different interaction technologies, techniques, and methods can support it, including RFID, a well-known technology capable of identifying and locating actors. However, the variety of application domains and interaction possibilities jeopardize the use of RFID without a clear understanding of its usage issues. Therefore, we have performed a systematic mapping to characterize the adoption of RFID technology in this kind of interactive software system by intercepting human-computer interaction and software engineering issues. Our goal is to reveal (i) which application domains address RFID;(ii) why RFID is used instead of other technologies;(iii) who interacts through RFID and how the interaction is;(iv) what are the requirements and limitations associated with it;and (v) what are the common quality characteristics and measures which should be considered for their evaluation. The results showed that (i) RFID is specially used for implementing implicit interactions in healthcare, embedded systems, and manufacturing applications. (ii) Passive UHF RFID is usually adopted due to being contactless, low-cost, and well-performing indoors. (iii) It interacts with humans and things in the same proportion, most frequently to collect locations of sensor data constantly. (iv) RFID presents limitations, such as causing electromagnetic interference and not working well near metallic walls. However, tags work under high temperatures and can be well hidden in cement or clothes. (v) Interactive system designers usually create applications with invisible infrastructures, which tend to keep users' focus on the real world.? © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Vegetation  

摘要： Passive RFID tags have diverse low-cost sensing applications, with sensors either connected to the tag or the tag antenna acting as a sensor, allowing close-range measurements. However, an emerging approach utilizes wave propagation for remote sensing without physical contact. This study investigates how wave propagation across dense grass alters the phase difference of arrival, enabling the estimation of vegetation volume ratio. A tag positioned 19 meters from the reader is moved vertically into a dense grass medium, then without grass. By analyzing the change in phase measurements caused by the wave slowness in the medium, the grass volume ratio can be estimated. The RFID-based estimate of 0.75% aligns with the 0.53% obtained from weight measurements. Looking forward, this method might help to monitor crops in agriculture, but also to sense other complex medium. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)  

摘要： Passive RFID tag localization has numerous applications, which can benefit from improved accuracy. Ranging methods based on phase difference of arrival become more accurate with higher frequency bandwidth. European regions, following ETSI regulation, historically allowed a single ultra-high frequency band (865–868 MHz) with limited accuracy. Recently allowed, the second band (915–921 MHz) increases the frequency range from 1.8 MHz to 53 MHz, but with a significant gap between the bands. In a dual-band experiment, distance estimates were obtained between two reader antennas and 17 tags across 6 arrays. The results revealed a new 3.07 m ambiguity cycle due to the frequency gap, that adds to the existing 0.17 m phase ambiguity. Solving the new ambiguity on 88% of tag-antenna combinations and 100% of the arrays resulted in a maximum error of 0.55 m (median 0.26 m), significantly improving accuracy (×6.5) compared to the former single-band ranging. Looking ahead, the adoption of dual-band ranging could enhance the accuracy of various tag localization methods in ETSI-regulated regions. © 2023, CC BY-SA.