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关键词： Food products   Quality assessment   Sensor systems   Food quality assessment and sensing (QAS)   industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)   multisensor fusion   radiofrequency identification (RFID)   RF energy harvesting  

摘要： The development of the Internet of Things (IoTs) has empowered revolution in almost all walks of life. Although substantial effort has been made to bring IoT into manufacturing, there are still technical challenges to provide solutions of real-time pervasive multisensing, quality evaluation, and boundaryless information sharing, which put people at risk of deteriorated food products and food adulteration. In this article, we present an industrial IoT-based system for food product quality assessment and prediction. This research completes the real-time food quality assessment via radiofrequency identification (RFID) based multisensor fusion for the first time. Also, a novel concept of shelf-life prediction is proposed. The RFID-powered sensors provide a new idea for nondestructive food product and environment sensing. A five-layer architecture, considering sensing, controlling, communication, interfaces, and data analysis, is highlighted. A novel RFID metadata structure is first proposed to achieve multidimensional information traceability and global data sharing. Machine-learning-based multisensor fusion is proposed to provide the accurate quality assessment and prediction. The proposed system is implemented as a smart-shelf system to demonstrate its feasibility and advantages. The system is of great significance in improving food safety, reducing food waste, and providing powerful information support for food manufacturing line and supply chain management.

关键词： Vehicle positioning   radio-frequency identification   odometer   industrial railway   shunting  

摘要： Continuous information on the current location of a vehicle in its infrastructure is essential for automated driving. However, industrial railways and shunting operations may entail boundary conditions which are not suitable for widespread satellite-based positioning. Hence, this paper presents a positioning system, based on radio-frequency identification (RFID) and odometer, which was developed and tested on an automated road-rail vehicle for shunting at low velocities. The achieved accuracy for discrete positioning with RFID was estimated at 0.22 m. In quasi-continuous positioning between consecutive RFID tags, the odometer exhibited an error of -2.2% to 0.7% of travelled distance depending on the investigated stationary driving states and sensor data evaluation. Apart from enhancement potentials for the RFID system, the results also indicated the odometer to be prone to the shunting vehicle dynamics when the rotation of its rail wheels is measured. Furthermore, the shunting vehicle appears to run constantly with a notable lateral displacement even on straight tracks due to the property of its running gear, causing a systematic underestimation of the travelled distance.

关键词： 固定资产管理   流程优化   盘点   射频识别技术  

摘要： 随着国家对固定资产管理工作越来越重视,国家出台了一系列固定资产管理的相关规章制度,进一步强调了固定资产管理的重要性。而行政事业单位固定资产数量规模不断增加、种类不断复杂,传统的管理方式已无法满足固定资产管理需求;此外,行政事业单位普遍存在固定资产管控能力不足、执行效率不高、信息化程度较低等现象,严重影响了固定资产利用效益,阻碍了行政事业单位发展。因此,如何优化固定资产管理体系,提升固定资产资产管理效益、保证固定资产安全完整,是当下需要重点关注的问题。 本文以S学校的固定资产管理为研究对象,以提升其固定资产管理效率为研究目的,对固定资产管理流程进行全面深入分析。首先从管理体系和固定资产特点两方面阐述了S学校当前固定资产管理的现状,经实地调研从管控能力和执行效率等方面对其管理存在的问题进行深入分析,明确优化目标及优化思路,重点围绕盘点流程、盘点差异和管理系统三方面进行优化;其次,为解决固定资产编码问题,构建基于GB/T 14885-2022的固定资产编码体系,为固定资产的自动化盘点奠定基础;为提高固定资产盘点效率及准确性,采用RFID技术对固定资产盘点流程进行优化设计,并基于S学校管理需求对RFID系统关键问题进行分析研究;再次,针对盘点过程中的差异问题,构建基于粒子群算法优化的BP神经网络定位模型,并通过仿真实验对模型性能进行分析,提升室内固定资产定位精度的同时,保证账实相符、减少浪费;最后,提出固定资产数字化管理平台构建方法,对S学校传统管理平台进行升级优化,实现固定资产管理数字化应用,并就组织架构、内部监管、考核机制、人才培养等方面提出数字化管理实施保障措施,以提升固定资产管理水平。 经过实例验证,本文所提出的固定资产自动化盘点流程可有效提升盘点效率、降低盘点成本,固定资产管理优化流程具有一定的可行性。通过对S学校固定资产管理流程进行研究,立足于其现存问题,应用数字化技术提出针对性优化建议,有效提升了固定资产管理水平,助力固定资产管理模式向数字化、智能化转型升级。

摘要： [This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/2452683.].

关键词： Radiofrequency identification   Medical services   Wireless communication   Sensors   Passive RFID tags   Hospitals   Frequency modulation   Active RFID   medical devices   passive RFID   RFID reader   tag  

摘要： Passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology has recently been applied to many battery-free wireless medical and healthcare (WMH) applications including wearable and implantable medical devices. The presence of the human body near RFID devices creates, however, several challenges in terms of design, fabrication, and testing of such WMH devices. The use of comparatively unsecured wireless links enabled by RFID communication may also jeopardize patient's privacy as well as raise ethical concerns. With these factors in mind, this article provides a systematic review spanning two decades of the wide range of passive RFID applications in medical and healthcare devices based on the classification of RFID frequency bands. The strengths and limitations of these techniques are benchmarked against each other using performance metrics such as communication distance, tissue safety, size of the devices, as well as patient's privacy and ethical implications. The article concludes by discussing the future opportunities and challenges raised by passive RFID for battery-free WMH devices. This comprehensive literature review aims to become a point of reference for experts and non-experts in the field.

关键词： 电子标签   超高频射频识别   频分复用   真随机数产生方法  

摘要： 随着物联网的飞速发展,射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技术以非接触式和快速识别等优势被广泛应用于各领域。RFID系统中读写器与标签采用时分复用技术通信,多个标签同时向读写器回传数据将发生标签碰撞,导致读写器无法识别标签,影响RFID系统的工作效率,尤其是在大规模物联网中,标签碰撞概率会显著增加,限制了RFID系统的工作性能。因此,研究减少标签碰撞的方法对RFID系统的进一步发展和应用具有重要意义。为此,本文提出并研制了一种频分复用式超高频(Ultra-High Frequency,UHF)RFID标签,其回传数据时有多个信道可供选择,从而能减少标签碰撞,提高系统的工作效率。 本文的主要工作内容及成果如下: 1.理论分析了UHF RFID标签采用频分复用技术的可行性,据此阐述了频分复用式UHF RFID系统的工作原理,同时设计了标签硬件电路和实现了ISO/IEC18000-6C标准协议,从而为频分复用式UHF RFID标签的研究提供了基础支撑。 2.为实现标签频分复用功能设计实现了基于Miller调制副载波的频分复用通信协议,在MATLAB中搭建了仿真环境,仿真结果显示,与传统UHF RFID系统相比,其时隙利用率提升约2.6倍。 3.为解决信道和时隙随机性不足的问题,提出并实现了一种基于ADC的真随机数产生器(True Random Number Generator,TRNG),其基于ADC随机间隔采样RC充放电电路来提升ADC输出数字信号的随机性,并且输出信号在电路噪声的影响下具有不可预测的特性。仿真和实际测试产生的序列均满足NIST SP 800-22统计验证,证明提出的基于ADC的TRNG能够产生真随机数,可以有效减少由伪随机数带来的信道随机性差和标签饥饿问题。 4.设计实现了频分复用式UHF RFID标签,基于商用读写器和实验室自主研发的读写器搭建了测试平台,对标签的主要技术指标进行了详细测试与分析。测试结果表明,研制的频分复用式UHF RFID标签能同时在不同信道响应读写器命令,即实现了标签的预期目标。 本文设计实现的频分复用式UHF RFID标签在实现频分复用功能的同时兼容ISO/IEC 18000-6C标准协议,且相较于传统标签发生碰撞的概率更小,其在资产和物流管理等大容量系统中有应用价值。

关键词： RFID return on the environment   life cycle assessment   carbon footprint   RFID technology  

摘要： This study is grounded in the growing significance of environmental sustainability and the widespread adoption of RFID technology across various industries and is aimed to explore the influence of RFID implementation in supply chains by developing a tool that calculates the net balance of CO2 annual emissions. The tool, known as "Return on the Environment" (EROI), is based on a widely accepted environmental assessment method and it calculates the Global Warming Potential (GWP100) incurred and avoided at various stages in the supply chain strictly related to RFID technology introduction. To validate the tool, two RFID deployments have been assessed: one involving a pharmaceutical product tagged on its secondary packaging to monitor the flow of products through the distribution channel, and another a medical device tagged on both primary and secondary packaging to oversee product flow from the supplier distribution center to the hospital operating theatres. In both cases, the results indicate that implementing RFID technology reduced GWP100 compared to the scenarios without RFID. This was primarily due to decreased product shrinkage, lower missing or expired products, and reduced additional transportation due to shipping errors. The tool is versatile and it could be applied to any type of product, serving as a source of inspiration for those who want to assess the sustainability of RFID technology not only from an economic perspective, i.e. ROI calculation, but also from an environmental view. Future work will address the third level of sustainability, RFID social sustainability, that is the impact RFID deployments may have on empowering people, improving staff and employees working conditions, and creating possibilities for high-value job opportunities.

关键词： 仓储盘点机器人   机器人定位   RFID定位   RFID跟踪  

摘要： 机器人化智能仓储是智能制造领域的新趋势之一。作为一种身份感知手段,RFID技术已经广泛应用于制造、仓储的各个环节。结合RFID技术并进一步具备位置感知能力的机器人系统可以与仓储管理充分融合,大大提高仓储管理水平和智能化程度。然而,现有的基于RFID的机器人定位系统普遍缺乏在未知仓储环境下的机器人-RFID标签同时定位能力(RFID SLAM)。因此本论文面向未知仓储环境下的RFID SLAM关键技术,从基于RFID的鲁棒位置感知方法、人机交互式机器人引导方法和机器人-RFID标签同时位置估计算法三个方面展开研究。论文主要研究成果如下: 提出了基于解缠失败辨识的解缠相位-位置模型的RFID定位方法,克服了现有RFID位置感知模型在快速盘点和密集标签盘点工况下定位精度不足和无法定位问题。针对快速盘点和密集标签场景下相位测量解缠失败频发的现象,研究了基于相位梯度的解缠失败风险点位辨识原理,并建立多天线系统中包含解缠失败恢复、相位偏移估计和标签位置求解的非线性优化目标函数。针对该混合整数的非线性优化问题,研究了基于松弛整数假设的优化和基于整数近似非线性优化的两阶段求解方法。在多种快速盘点、密集盘点场景中,相位解缠失败频发前提下,实现了5 cm-7 cm的标签三维定位精度。 提出了基于RFID相位差的动态目标运动跟踪算法,实现了未知仓储环境下仅利用RFID运动感知的机器人引导。针对动态机器人跟踪中未知系统参数多且难以估计造成的动态标签位置求解困难问题,提出一种基于信号的标签运动状态感知和机器人运动控制思路。通过探究机器人双天线系统中相位差与标签运动状态的映射关系,建立了动态机器人导航问题中基于相位差的标签相对位置变化感知模型。基于动态导航目标条件,推导了基于相位差模型的导航目标方程,并设计了相应的机器人运动调整策略和控制器。在动态目标为人和移动机器人的实验中,均实现了小于4.45 cm和6.03°的距离和方位跟踪误差。 提出一种基于测量约束转换的图优化SLAM算法,实现了无参考标签和无额外传感器辅助下的RFID标签和机器人同时位置估计。针对基于相位的SLAM问题求解特点,提出一种前端进行测量约束转换,后端进行状态优化估计的算法框架。基于条件滑动窗口建立里程计误差累积限制方法,实现高精度的相位测量到相对位置的测量的约束转换,结合标签相对位置约束和机器人里程计测量约束,建立基于图优化的机器人轨迹和标签位置同时定位模型。在实际测试中实现了未知仓储环境中厘米级的机器人定位和标签三维定位精度。 开发了基于RFID的机器人化智能仓储管理系统,并以仓储管理中的典型环节在库盘点和出入库盘点需求为背景,搭建了基于RFID机器人的在库管理系统和基于RFID通道门的出入库管理系统,验证了本论文所提出的核心算法和关键技术的有效性,论文研究成果在某大型汽车总装工厂的物流车间进行了初步的应用验证。