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关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)   RFID network planning (RNP)   Multi-objective brainstorming algorithm   Decomposition  

摘要： The problem of radio frequency identification network planning (RNP) is one of the biggest challenges in the field of RFID research. In order to improve the service quality of RFID systems, in addition to finding the optimal number and location of readers, the interference between readers and tag coverage should be considered. In order to solve the problem of RFID network planning, this paper proposes an improved multi-objective brainstorming optimization algorithm (IMBSO) based on decomposition: Employ the golden sine operator to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm, and the Cauchy mutation operator is introduced to enhance the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum. The improved algorithm achieves a balance between exploration and development. This paper also combines the decomposition-based method with the IMBSO algorithm to establish an optimization model to optimize the reader position: the multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into multiple sub-problems by means of decomposition, all objective functions are optimized at the same time, which improves the search efficiency. The method proposed in this paper was tested on the RFID model and data set. Under the same experimental conditions, it was compared with multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, multi-objective firefly algorithm and multi-objective brainstorming algorithm. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can be successfully applied to the problem of radio frequency identification network planning by achieving smaller interference and fewer readers while ensuring greater coverage.

关键词： Big data   Network security   An exhaustive attack   Hash function   RFID   Mutual authentication protocol  

摘要： The development of big data has epromoted the development of Internet technology, but it has brought more network security and privacy problems. Therefore, how to solve network security problems is the main research direction of current network technology development. In order to deal with the harm of network attacks to personal privacy security, this paper studies and proposes an RFID mutual authentication protocol against exhaustive attacks based on improved Hash function, and proposes a security proof based on BAN logic rules. At the same time, to enhance the computing resources of the improved protocol, this paper proposes an improved authentication query protocol for multi-source RFID tags. In the performance analysis, when the distance between the reader and the tag reaches 10 m, the improved protocol can still be higher than 90%. The application test shows that the improved protocol proposed in the study is capable of resisting exhaustive attacks, its execution time is short, and it is less affected by the number of tags. The above results show that in the context of big data, the improved RFID mutual authentication protocol proposed by the research against network exhaustive attacks has a more significant defense effect, can effectively protect user privacy, and has a greater reference value in network security research.

关键词： Graphene ink   Scalability   Screen printing   Printed electronics   RFID sensor  

摘要： Graphene-based printable inks are advanced and promising candidates for flexible printed electronic devices. To develop large-scale graphene-based highly conductive electronics based on existing printing approaches of the material, it is imperative to scale up its ink production methods and optimize the electrical properties of the printed films. Here, a sustainable approach is reported for preparing high-conductive screen-printing graphene ink by recycling cellulose solvents. The ink uses Cyrene solvent in circulation and produces highly concentrated and conductive graphene ink to conquer the limitation of graphene inks in massive industrial production brought by the high cost of the cellulose solvents. A systematic study of the sheet resistance variation with the number of cycles has been carried out. The average conductivity of the ink can exceed 3 x 10(4) S m(-1), with only a 2-h shear exfoliation process, which exhibits about the same conductivity of recent works (using toxic NMP solvent, complex centrifugation, ultrasonication, etc.) but with much more straightforward and cost-effective fabrication process. The formulation of graphene inks allows flexible metal-free far-field tag antenna to be screen-printed and integrated with an off-the-shelf sensory chip to achieve battery-free wireless UHF RFID far-field temperature sensing. The high responsiveness, accuracy, and sensitivity of the RFID sensing tag were observed with instantaneous detection of accurate and reliable wireless data transmission.

关键词： Backscattering  

摘要： In this paper, we explore an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system with backscattering RFID tags. In this setup, an access point employs a communication beam to serve a user while leveraging a sensing beam to detect an RFID tag. Under the total transmit power constraint of the system, our objective is to design sensing and communication beams by considering the tag detection and communication requirements. First, we adopt zero-forcing to design the beamforming vectors, followed by solving a convex optimization problem to determine the power allocation between sensing and communication. Then, we study a joint beamforming design problem with the goal of minimizing the total transmit power while satisfying the tag detection and communication requirements. To resolve this, we re-formulate the non-convex constraints into convex second-order cone constraints. The simulation results demonstrate that, under different communication SINR requirements, joint beamforming optimization outperforms the zero-forcing-based method in terms of achievable detection distance, offering a promising approach for the ISAC-backscattering systems. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)  

摘要： In this work, we developed an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) sensor to monitor respiratory rate. In the passive RFID tag, a metamaterial-inspired structure was used to improve its performance, increasing its maximum gain value. Respiratory rate monitoring was based on variations in the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) obtained by the RFID reader due to respiratory movements. The RSSI data, obtained by reading the RFID tag, were processed using the Daubechies wavelet of order 5 (db5) and considering 3 levels of signal decomposition. Less noisy breathing signals were obtained in measurements with the participant at rest, and considering the RFID tag in position 1 over the abdomen. The respiratory rates acquired from the RSSI parameter variations were validated by comparison with the results obtained through a vital signals monitor, since they were within the frequency variation range observed on the multiparameter monitor. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： RFID   Stock control   RFID geo-location   RFID GPS   RFID moving vehicle scan   RFID mobile   Tagging   RFID construction  

摘要： Purpose The purpose of the research has been the primary consideration and evaluation of a cost effective, reliable, robust and simple process of radio frequency identification (RFID)-based stock control, asset management and monitoring of concrete safety bollards used in the road environment. Likewise, the consideration of the use of the same system and technology to other items in and around the general road infrastructure. Design/methodology/approach The research approach undertaken has been an evaluation of the use of currently available RFID technology, with a key emphasis on low cost, ease of use, reliability and convenience. Practical field exercises completed in considering the relevant RFID tags and readers and associated software and apps and necessary software integration and development have been undertaken. At the same time, evaluating the specific limits created in the specific environment is being applied. Of particular interest has been the use of a moving scan in a vehicle drive-through or pass-bye, type reading system. This has been determined to be viable and completely practical, drastically reducing the key issue of time-taken. Practical application of the system from idea to real life application has been undertaken. The integration of the use of the RFID tag and reader system with necessary and related software to database upload and storage has been established. The creation of an online facility to allow the appropriate use of the data and to include the convenient output of an asset report has been undertaken. Findings The findings have provided the necessary insight confirming the use of RFID technology as a simple yet reliable, cost effective and adaptable stock control, asset management and geo-locating system in the road environment. The use of such systems in this particular environment is in its infancy, and is perhaps novel and original in the specific aspect of using the system to stock control, manage and monitor road safety concre

关键词： RFID technology   Improved AICT algorithm   File management system   Adaptive technology  

摘要： In this modern era of technology and digitalization, keeping track of a manual file system in the office environment is a challenging task. This research proposes a radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to improve conventional file management systems. The proposed system includes advances in information and communication technology (AICT) algorithm that addresses tag collision problems, resulting in increased data collection and reduced communication traffic. The system consists of modules such as information collection, file management, and user management. Each is analyzed from various aspects. Simulation results show that the AICT algorithm outperforms the improved collision tree algorithm by increasing recognition efficiency by 10% and reducing communication traffic by 30%. Moreover, the proposed approach provides a simple and convenient way to manage files in real-time meeting the needs of modern times. The AICT algorithm excelled the other algorithms regarding recognition efficiency.

关键词： Flexible electronics  

摘要： Silver nanowire (AgNW) based conductive inks have gained considerable attention for realizing printed flexible electronics (PFE). The present work discusses a novel approach to producing highly dispersible silver nanowires, easing the formulation of screen-printing inks with high nanowire loading. A perforated encapsulation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with an average thickness of 5.03 +/- 1.16 nm was produced on the AgNWs' surface through a controlled washing procedure, which increased the dispersibility of AgNWs at higher mass loadings. A screen-printing ink formulation with nearly 36% AgNW loading was developed, which generated highly conductive traces with a conductivity of (1.16 +/- 0.06) x 10(6) S m(-1) at a low annealing temperature of 120 degrees C. The printed traces exhibited superior adhesion (ASTM Class 5), stability towards bending (10 000 cycles), resistance to accelerated ageing (Delta R/R-0 < 2.5% at 60 degrees C - 95% RH), and stability towards sweat exposure (Delta R/R-0 = 0.5%), making them a suitable candidate for PFE. Utilizing this conductive ink, a highly flexible UHF antenna operating at 945 MHz was fabricated, and an RFID tag was developed by integrating the antenna with a chip. The fabricated tag exhibited exceptional communication performance with a handheld reader and had high stability toward bending (at a bending radius of 1.5 cm for 500 cycles). A wearable smart band for Android-based human position sensing was also developed using the tag, which precisely located the wearer's position.