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关键词： IoT   passive UHF RFID   RTLS   real-time location systems   IPS   indoor positioning systems   industry 5.0   digital transformation  

摘要： In today's competitive landscape, manufacturing companies must embrace digital transformation. This study asserts that integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for the deployment of real-time location systems (RTLS) is crucial for better monitoring of critical assets. Despite the challenge of selecting the right technology for specific needs from a wide range of indoor RTLS options, this study provides a solution to assist manufacturing companies in exploring and implementing IoT technologies for their RTLS needs. The current academic literature has not adequately addressed this industrial reality. This paper assesses the potential of Passive UHF RFID-RTLS in Industry 5.0, addressing the confusion caused by the emergence of new 'passive' RFID solutions that compete with established 'active' solutions. Our research aims to clarify the real-world performance of passive RTLS solutions and propose an updated classification of RTLS systems in the academic literature. We have thoroughly reviewed both the academic and industry literature to remain up to date with the latest market advancements. Passive UHF RFID has been proven to be a valuable addition to the RTLS domain, capable of addressing certain challenges. This has been demonstrated through the successful implementation in two industrial sites, each with different types of tagged objects.

关键词： RFID   Indoor localization   Holographic algorithm   Static tags  

摘要： The increasing use of communication technology, the Internet Of Things, and their applications and services has led to a growing demand for indoor localization. A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-based indoor localization system can provide a viable solution for these applications and services. However, the complexity of indoor environments and the resulting multipath interference are identified as major challenges in achieving high localization accuracy. In this paper, we propose an enhanced holographic RFID localization method for static tags in indoor environments. The proposed method involves using four RFID readers that move around an indoor area to enhance holographic RFID localization. By reducing the computational load and optimizing the number and placement of the readers, the proposed method achieves a localization error of only 2 cm within a 10 x 10 m(2) indoor environment. Overall, the proposed enhanced holographic RFID localization method presents a viable solution for achieving high localization accuracy in indoor environments, with potential applications in various domains such as logistics, healthcare, and security.

关键词： RFID sensing   UHF RFID   RF energy harvesting   product quality assessment and sensing  

摘要： Radio frequency identification (RFID) is well known as an identification, track, and trace approach and is considered to be the key physical layer technology for the industrial internet of things (IIoT). However, IIoT systems have to introduce additional complex sensor networks for pervasive monitoring, and there are still challenges related to item-level sensing and data recording. To overcome the shortage, this work proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted RFID-based multi-sensing technology. Both passive and semi-passive RFID tag-integrated multi-sensors are developed. The main contributions and the novelty of this investigation are as follows. A UHF RFID tag-integrated multi-sensor with a boosted charge pump is proposed;it enables high RF signal sensitivity and a long operational range. The whole hardware design, including the antenna and energy harvester, are studied. Moreover, a demonstration with real-world ham product sensing data is conducted. This work also proposes and successfully demonstrates the integration of machine learning algorithms, specifically the NARX neural network, with RFID sensing data for food product quality assessment and sensing (QAS). This application of machine learning to RFID-generated data for quality assessment is also a novel aspect of the research. The deployment of an autoregressive model with an exogenous input (NARX) neural network model, tailored for nonlinear processes, emerges as the most effective, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.007 and an R-squared value of 0.99 for ham product QAS. By deploying the technology, low-cost, timely, and flexible product QAS can be achieved in manufacturing industries, which helps product quality improvement and the optimization of the manufacturing line and supply chain.

关键词： ACS   DCS   LTE   Octa-band   Reconfigurable   RFID   WLAN  

摘要： In this article, the design and analysis of a compact octa-band antenna employing the PIN diode to realize frequency reconfigurable characteristics is presented. The presented antenna is backed by a partial ground plane and printed on top of a 1.53 mm thicker FR4 substrate. The antenna size is very compact (25 mm x 14 mm x 1.53 mm), and can be readily incorporated with many other RF front-end circuits. The presented antenna consists of a semi-heptagonal, semi-hexagonal, inverted L-shaped, and inverted Z-shaped monopoles. Depending on the position of the lumped element switch, the presented antenna can operate in eight different frequency modes. The investigated antenna realizes Penta/Triple band characteristics by turning ON/OFF the PIN diode positioned between the inverted L-shaped monopole and feedline. While in ON state, the investigated antenna covers five unique frequencies 1.82 GHz (DCS/5G NR n70), 2.43 GHz (Bluetooth/RFID), 3.75 GHz (LTE 42-43/5G NR n77/Wi-MAX), 5.4 GHz (U-NII-2A & -2B), and 5.84 GHz (U-NII-3 & V2X) and in OFF state, the antenna covers three unique frequencies 1.95 GHz (PCS/UMTS/LTE 34-37), 2.59 GHz (LTE 2500 & WLAN 2.4 GHz), 4.71 GHz (5G NR n79 & WLAN 5GHz) for wireless applications. The investigated antenna exhibits excellent impedance bandwidths of 1.69-1.9 GHz (BW = 11.6%), 1.8-2.1 GHz (BW = 15.4%), 2.37-2.56 GHz (BW = 7.7%), 2.4-2.7 GHz (BW = 11.8%), 3.49-4.2 GHz (BW = 18.4%), 4.3-5.55 GHz (BW = 25.4%), 5.2-5.52 GHz (BW = 6%), and 5.78-5.9 GHz (BW = 5.5%) at 1.82/1.95/2.43/2.59/3.75/4.71/5.4, and 5.84 GHz, respectively. The measurements demonstrate that the designed antenna has omnidirectional radiation characteristics with 1.15-4.4 dBi gain. The proposed design's simulated and measured results are compared, and show good agreement.

关键词： Supply chain relationship change   IT adoption   Financing constraint  

摘要： RFID technology has developed rapidly over the last few decades. However, due to high initial investment costs and various security issues, the impact of RFID information adoption on a company's economic value remains ambiguous, and the application of this information technology is in a wait-and-see attitude. In this paper, using supply chain and financial information of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2022 as samples, we provide empirical evidence that the changes in supply chain relationships significantly affect the adoption of RFID information technology. Our findings provide timely policy implications for firms considering RFID adoption.

关键词： RFID systems   Authentication protocol   ECC   Security   Secret sharing   TMIS  

摘要： With the moderate and constant advancement of the smart internet of things (IoT) and the propagation of 5 G correspondence innovation, the security of asset-controlled IoT apparatuses like RFID-based telecare medicine information system (TMIS) applications has gotten overwhelming consideration. TMIS functions as an engineered overpass among patients staying at home, and specialists at medical services associations are authorized to approve the accuracy of exchanged information records among different association users. The utilization of RFID raises extreme security and protection concerns. Additionally, because of the wireless channel, RFID-based TMIS has a variety of security vulnerabilities, including spoofing, DoS, replay, and de-synchronization attacks. We propose a secret sharing-based authentication protocol for RFID using elliptic curve cryptography to prevent these security issues. We employ random oracle model to demonstrate the security features of the proposed protocol. In addition, we use Scyther tool and BAN logic for formal security analysis of the protocol. The performance analysis results show that the proposed protocol minimizes storage, computation, and communication costs. Therefore, our protocol is suitable and can be implemented for RFID-based TMIS.

关键词： Decision trees  

摘要： Developing automated systems with a reasonable cost for long-term care for elders is a promising research direction. Such smart systems are based on realizing activities of daily living (ADLs) to enable aging in place while preserving the quality of life of all inhabitants in smart homes. One of the research directions is based on localizing items used by elders to monitor their activities with fine-grained details of the progress. In this paper, we shed the light on this issue by presenting an approach for localizing items in smart homes. The presented method is based on applying machine learning algorithms to Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags readings. Our approach achieves the required task through two stages. The first stage detects in which room the selected object is located. Then, the second one determines the exact position of the selected object inside the detected room. Additionally, we present an efficient approach based on gradient boosted decision trees for detecting the location of the selected object in a real-world smart home. Moreover, we employ some techniques of over- and under-sampling with data clustering for improving the performance of the presented techniques. Many experiments are conducted in this work to evaluate the performance of the presented approach for localizing objects in a real smart home. The results of the experiments have shown that our approach provides remarkable performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： energy harvesting   thermoelectricity   thick film   thermocouple   thermopile   thermoelectric microgenerator   RFID tag  

摘要： This paper presents an innovative approach to the integration of thermoelectric microgenerators (mu TEGs) based on thick-film thermopiles of planar constantan-silver (CuNi-Ag) and calcium cobaltite oxide-silver (Ca3Co4O9-Ag) thick-film thermopiles with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The goal was to consider using the TEG for an active or semi-passive RFID tag. The proposed implementation would allow the communication distance to be increased or even operated without changing batteries. This article discusses the principles of planar thermoelectric microgenerators (mu TEGs), focusing on their ability to convert the temperature difference into electrical energy. The concept of integration with active or semi-passive tags is presented, as well as the results of energy efficiency tests, considering various environmental conditions. On the basis of the measurements, the parameters of thermopiles consisting of more thermocouples were simulated to provide the required voltage and power for cooperation with RFID tags. The conclusions of the research indicate promising prospects for the integration of planar thermoelectric microgenerators with RFID technology, opening the way to more sustainable and efficient monitoring and identification systems. Our work provides the theoretical basis and practical experimental data for the further development and implementation of this innovative technology.

关键词： Antenna array   Frequency reconfigurability   MoM-GEC method   PIN diode  

摘要： Technology is advancing daily, and it has impacted almost every aspect of our lives. We show that growth in the number of miniaturized communications systems that are covering different wireless services can achieve a wide frequency range. The present work aims to propose a new rigorous formulation to model a reconfigurable array system used for different wireless applications. The studied structure consists of a reconfigurable antenna array composed of parallel microstrip antennas excited by localized voltage sources and commanded by located PIN diodes. Diodes are used to adjust the length of the radiating element in order to shift the resonant frequency. The proposed formulation consists to combine the moment method and generalized equivalent circuit's method (MoM-GEC) to model the antenna array. The PIN diode is considered in the mathematical formulation by an impedance surface model. The input impedance, the reflection parameter (S11\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${S}_{11}$$\end{document}) and the current distribution density obtained with this method are presented and discussed. The results were in close agreement with those obtained by software simulation. The obtained results offer the possibility to generate various modes governed by a decision tree. Thus, these modes are related to different resonant frequencies suitable for RFID, WiMax and WLAN applications with a large bandwidth reaching 526 MHz.

关键词： Radio frequency identification   RFID   Localization   Construction industry   Internet of things   IoT   Industry 4.0   Construction 4.0   Supply chain   Physical layer security   Counterfeit   Authentication  

摘要： Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems have remarkable potential to be used in the supply chain management systems of the construction industry. RFID's ability to identify, track and locate objects provides tremendous flexibility in planning and operation of the industry. Consequently, RFID systems can contribute to on-time project completion, cost savings, enhanced reputation, and avoidance of regulatory fines. Moreover, RFID enhances visibility into inventory, equipment, and workforce, ensuring real-time safety measures. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of state-of-the-art RFID detection and localization techniques, identifying gaps specific to the construction sector. The paper proposes the integration of emerging technologies, with a particular focus on the Internet of Things (IoT) and security mechanisms. This integration aims to solve challenges in using RFID systems in the construction industry's supply chain. It promises to enhance efficiency, security, and effectiveness of RFID technology, leading to a more efficient and resilient supply chain management system.