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关键词： Blockchain   Edge computing   Industrial internet of things security   Mutual authentication   Radio frequency identification   Supply chain  

摘要： This paper addresses security challenges, especially in the authentication mechanism of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)-enabled supply chain systems by proposing an enhanced Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) authentication protocol. The current system faces significant security risks due to increased connectivity and data exchange within supply chain networks. The proposed protocol integrates edge computing and blockchain to ensure secure, efficient mutual authentication between RFID tags and supply chain nodes. By utilizing the real-time processing capabilities of edge computing and the decentralization and immutability of blockchain, the protocol enhances the security of data transmitted in the system. The proposed protocol utilizes lightweight cryptographic functions optimized for resource-constrained edge devices, ensuring secure authentication and data transmission without compromising scalability or efficiency. Permissioned blockchain technology further strengthens trust and transparency in the supply chain by providing a decentralized, tamper-resistant ledger. The protocol employs cryptographic techniques such as a cryptographically secure one-way hash function, random number generation function, and circular shift operations to ensure data integrity and confidentiality, achieving mutual authentication, forward secrecy, and resistance to cryptographic attacks. Formal security analysis of the proposed authentication protocol is performed using the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model. The results demonstrate that the protocol offers superior trade-offs in term of security, computational cost, and communication efficiency compared to existing authentication protocols in this field. Simulation of the protocol is performed using Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tools. Its lightweight design makes it suitable for real-world application in resource-constrained IIoT environments. © 2025

关键词： Elliptic curve cryptosystem   Encryption   Hash function   Internet of Things   Radio frequency identification  

摘要： As an important means of connecting the physical world and the digital world, the reliability and security of the Internet of Things network are key issues. To raise the security of Internet of Things data, a research proposes an encryption technique that combines elliptic curve cryptosystem and hash functions. In this process, the radio frequency identification system is used as the central element for data encryption, with the elliptic curve cryptosystem employed to secure the transmitted data. Non-adjacent scalar representations are used to reduce the expected running time of scalar multiplication, and a bidirectional authentication protocol for Internet of Things encryption is designed using Hash functions. The experimental results showed that in the communication overhead test, the research method had a communication overhead of 242 bits when the Hash function output length was 40 bits in server communication. When analyzing the success rate of intercepting abnormal data access behavior, the research method achieved a success rate of 99.1% when the host file size was 100 Kb. In the analysis of scalar multiplication operation time, the research method only took 18 ms when the output length of the Hash function reached 340bits in a local area network environment. This illustrates that the raised method has a good encryption effect on the Internet of Things and can effectively ensure the security of Internet of Things communication. The research is expected to provide certain technical support for the development of the Internet of Things. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： 射频识别   闸瓦   磨耗监测   温度传感器   异常报警   信息化管理  

摘要： 为了在列车高速行驶时在线自动监测闸瓦的磨耗状态,在列车闸瓦上安装具备闸瓦磨耗检测功能和温度传感器功能的闸瓦专用RFID电子标签,使列车经过安装在地面的RFID读写器时,RFID电子标签可以实时检测闸瓦的温度和磨耗程度,并将代表闸瓦唯一身份信息和安装位置的数据以及闸瓦的温度和磨耗程度等数据发送给读写器,使读写器系统能够对闸瓦的磨耗程度和异常磨耗状态进行分析和判定,对磨耗超限或制动异常的闸瓦及时发出报警信息,从而保障列车运行安全,提升列车运营效率和安全性;此外,利用RFID物联网技术,还可以加强闸瓦在生产、运输、库存、使用等过程中的信息化管理,从而降低闸瓦的运维成本。

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)   Synthetic aperture radar (SAR)   Indoor positioning   Phase-unwrapping  

摘要： In this paper, we propose an improved synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based positioning method utilizing passive RFID (Radio frequency identification) tag as positioning sensor. This method enables precise target positioning by identifying the maximum probability point within the probability hologram derived from measured signal phases backscattered by the RFID tag mounted on the target object. To address measurement errors, an improved weighting method is employed to downplay oblique measurement results. Moreover, to mitigate the impact of multipath interference in indoor environment, an improved antenna trajectory is introduced based on the inherent properties of hyperbola probability curves. Theoretical analysis is conducted to demonstrate both the principle and feasibility of the proposed method, while real-world experiments validate its effectiveness in enhancing positioning accuracy.

关键词： Paper-based chipless RFID humidity sensor   DAIW-PSO algorithm   Humidity-sensitive characteristics   Surface adsorption  

摘要： In the pursuit of advanced sensing technologies, the integration of chipless RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) systems has emerged as a promising solution for various applications, including environmental monitoring and smart packaging. This paper presents a novel high-sensitivity paper-based humidity sensor consisting of an LC resonant structure. The sensor operates at 2.45 GHz and is designed to address the shortcomings of existing paper-based chipless RFID humidity sensors: a low resonant quality factor and low sensitivity. The sensor structure is optimized using the HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator) in conjunction with a dynamic adaptive inertia-weight particle-swarm optimization algorithm (DAIW-PSO). The optimized sensor demonstrates an excellent resonant quality factor at 2.45 GHz. To enhance the sensitivity of the paper-based sensor, graphene oxide (GO) and indium oxide (In2O3) were used as humidity-sensitive materials, and the optimal mass composite ratio of the two materials was determined experimentally. Using a screen-printing process, sensors were printed onto a copper paper substrate, and a spray coating method was employed to prepare sensitive films over the areas of the interdigital capacitor. The experimental results indicate that a composite material with 15 % In2O3 content enhances the performance of the RFID sensor. Within the range of 30 % RH to 95 % RH, the sensor exhibits a frequency shift of 361.4 MHz, which yields an average sensitivity of 5.56 MHz/% RH. The sensor has a response time of 25 s and a recovery time of 80 s. In addition, the sensor also exhibits a low hysteresis and good short-term repeatability.

关键词： 区块链技术   智能门禁   智能合约   分布式账本   RFID   生物识别  

摘要： 提出一种基于区块链的智能门禁系统,以提升传统门禁的安全性,降低设备升级和更换成本。设计中,利用区块链的分布式账本和智能合约实现访问控制的自动化和透明化,确保数据安全与不可篡改。系统实现包括智能合约编写、门禁控制器集成、通信接口开发及测试优化。结果表明,该系统显著提高了门禁安全性,便于升级和设备更换,具有广阔的应用前景,为智能门禁技术的发展提供了新思路。

关键词： RFID   Wireless communication   Antennas   Agriculture IoT  

摘要： High spatial density agricultural sensors that monitor soil fertility and moisture levels are quickly developing and could revolutionize precision agriculture once they are integrated with wireless communication systems. Passive Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) is a wireless communication protocol for battery-free sensor nodes which could enable continuous soil monitoring. Soil texture, soil water content, and crop canopy impact the vertical read range between a passive RFID tag near the soil and a reader raised above the crop. Here, we evaluated these impacts and found that increases in soil water content decreased read range by 30-40 cm compared to dry soil. Adding 3.4 cm of distance between the wet soil and the tag increased the read range by 1-1.4 m. Crop canopy did not have a significant impact on read range once the soil water content had been accounted for.

关键词： RFID tag   Textile industry   Inventory management   Integration methods   Affixed tags   Embroidered tags   Printed tags   Woven tags  

摘要： The textile industry requires real-time tracking of products for effective inventory management and to prevent inventory shrinkage. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags have proved to be an efficient solution for tracking products in the textile industry. Several integration methodologies for RFID tags in textile industries have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of real-time product tracking. This paper provides a survey of textile-based RFID tag integration methods. A comparative study of these tags and their performance has been presented. This paper aims to provide insights for researchers to establish new research agendas in adopting various integration methods for RFID tags in the textile industry.

关键词： Poultry   Laying hen   RFID   Tibia   Humerus   Breaking load  

摘要： The high laying rates of domestic hens places significant strain on the calcium metabolism in their bones and shell glands. Behavioural and physical impacts of housing systems begin during pullet development, but exercise is still important throughout lay for maintaining bone strength. Free-range systems may improve bone strength for those hens that range more. This study assessed the effects of rearing enrichment for pullets housed in experimental floor pens. Perching and wing-flapping behaviour, and bone breaking load at the end of rearing were measured. Perching behaviour was observed throughout the flock cycle and bone breaking load assessed at the end of lay in hens that differed in range use. As predicted, pullets perched more when they were given perching structure enrichments compared with pullets exposed to varying novel objects or control pullets. However, this did not affect the breaking load of the pullets' tibias. The novelty treatment pullets had the lowest humeral breaking load, but wing-flapping behaviour was observed equally across treatments. During lay, the novelty treatment hens perched the most and showed the highest tibial breaking load at the end of lay. Differing range use patterns were not correlated with the breaking load of the tibias or humeri. This study indicates that enriched rearing environments can have long-term impacts on hen behaviour and subsequent skeletal health, but that more time spent outside on the range does not impact bone strength. Further research should continue to explore the behavioural and physical effects of enrichments provided in floor-based laying hen rearing systems.

关键词： Chipless RFID tag   Backscattering   Read range   Orientation independence   Flexible substrate  

摘要： A chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag with a symmetric octagonal design for supply chain applications is presented in this paper. This passive RFID tag is studied using four different flexible substrates. Its symmetric octagonal design guarantees insensitivity to polarization and hence orientation independence. The response of the tag's Radar Cross Section (RCS) in the frequency domain is used to evaluate its performance. The tag is 0.03 m x 0.03 m in size and can code up to nine bits. It has a spectral bit density of 1.63 bits/GHz and a bit density of 1 bits/cm2 using PTFE substrate. The tag has read range of 1.3 m, 1.4 m, 1.25 m, and 1.2 m using PTFE, Kapton, jean, and cotton respectively. This design has good commercial use as it has good read range, orientation independence, flexibility with moderate coding capacity. Because the tag can transfer information over a UWB frequency range, it can be used in tracking and advanced medical applications.