关键词：
用
价值评估系统
生存哲学
材与不材
摘要：
生存哲学作为《庄子》哲学的重要内容,其讨论语境亦即个体需要面对与解决的人世困境,实质为以“用”为中心的价值评估系统。这一系统呈现出己与评估者、己与竞争者两层彼我关系作为其主要结构。作为被评估方的个体将无可避免地被纳入评估方独自即可开启的系统中与他者竞争。系统又通过“以多裁一”和“以一裁多”两种运行机制对个体生命进行戕害,前者表现为漠视个体生命的“用”的标准化机制,后者则揭示了价值评估系统对评估者不稳定的好恶之情的依赖,二者共同作用,致使主体的生存境遇变得不由自主而危险遍布。The survival philosophy, as an important part of Zhuang Zi’s philosophy, is discussed in the context of the human dilemma individuals need to face and solve, which is essentially a value evaluation system centered on “use.” This system presents two main structures: self-evaluator and self-competitor. As individuals are being evaluated, they will inevitably be included in the system that can be opened solely by the evaluator and compete with others. The system also harms individual lives through two operating mechanisms: “judging one according to others” and “judging the crowd based on oneself.” The former is manifested as a standardized mechanism centered on “use” that ignores individual lives, while the latter reveals the dependence of the value evaluation system on the unstable likes and dislikes of evaluators. The combined effect of these two makes the survival situation of the subject involuntary and dangerous.
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