关键词:
《老子》
明
常
道
自知
摘要:
在中国的传统文化体系中,各家文献中“明”字多次出现,无不表现出“明”的独特地位,“明”在老子哲学甚至整个道家哲学中是一个非常重要的概念。《老子》中的“明”具有极其丰富的理论内涵,然而,目前学界却缺乏对此的讨论。是故,本文从多个向度讨论了“明”的含义。通过古文字探讨老子对“明”的论述,我们对“明”的三重维度有了深刻的认识,进而得出结论:老子之“明”的本体在道,通过洞悉性命本身之根而复归于道,“明”之知在自知,明是对于“道”的内在验证,“明”之用在于袭明,指示着个体生命因顺道而行。可以说,“明”包含着本体论、认识论、价值论三个层面的理论内涵,贯通于哲学体系中的多个范畴,是研究中国哲学重要的着力点。In the traditional Chinese cultural system, the character “Ming” frequently emerges in various literatures, all demonstrating the distinctive position of “Ming”. “Ming” is a highly significant concept in Laozi’s philosophy and even in the entire Daoist philosophy. The “Ming” in Laozi is endowed with extremely rich theoretical connotations. Nevertheless, the current academic circle lacks discussions on this aspect. Hence, this article discusses the meaning of “Ming” from multiple dimensions. Through the exploration of Laozi’s discourse on “Ming” via ancient Chinese characters, we have gained a profound understanding of the threefold dimensions of “Ming”, and subsequently reached the conclusion: The ontological entity of Laozi’s “Ming” lies in the Dao. By discerning the root of life and nature itself and reverting to the Dao, the knowledge of “Ming” lies in self-awareness. “Ming” is the internal verification of the “Dao”, and the application of “Ming” lies in following the Dao, indicating that individual life should comply with the Dao. It can be stated that “Ming” encompasses the theoretical connotations at the levels of ontology, epistemology, and axiology, permeating multiple categories within the philosophical system and serving as an important focus for the study of Chinese philosophy.