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关键词： 仿真技术   煤化工教学   教学方法  

摘要： 化工在如今的社会经济发展当中是非常关键的一项产业,并且应用的范围也越来越广泛。化工企业在人才招聘当中对于技术方面的要求也在不断提高,而且更加重视专业水平。技校在化工技术人员的培养上发挥了很大的作用,在专业课程方面也需要更加重视实践,从而为社会提供更多优秀的人才。在化工的专业课程当加入仿真技术的学习是非常重要的,本篇文章就是以仿真技术的应用为中心而展开讨论和分析的。

关键词： Energy efficiency   Price elasticities   Manufacturing   Stochastic frontier   Plant-level data  

摘要： This paper addresses the relative effectiveness of market vs program based climate policies. We compute the carbon price resulting in an equivalent reduction in energy from programs that eliminate the efficiency gap. A reduced-form stochastic frontier energy demand analysis of plant level electricity and fuel data, from energy-intensive chemical sectors, jointly estimates the distribution of energy efficiency and underlying price elasticities. The analysis obtains a decomposition of efficiency into persistent (PE) and time-varying (TVE) components. Total inefficiency is relatively small in most sectors and price elasticities are relatively high. If all plants performed at the 90th percentile of their efficiency distribution, the reduction in energy is between 4% and 37%. A carbon price averaging around $31.51/ton CO2 would achieve reductions in energy use equivalent to all manufacturing plants making improvements to close the efficiency gap.

关键词： Ocular myositis   Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related Myositis (irMyositis)   Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies   Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)   Anti-PD-1   Pembrolizumab  

摘要： We present extensive clinical, serological, morphological and muscle imaging data of a 66-year-old man with isolated bilateral ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia secondary to Immune checkpoint inhibitors (Pembrolizumab). He had elevated CK level (>5000 UI/L). No facial, bulbar, proximal, distal or axial muscular weakness was observed. Electromyography (EMG) showed myopathic pattern, with spontaneous activity. Myositis specific antibodies and anti-striational antibodies were negative. Cardiac and respiratory functions were preserved. Skeletal muscle MRI was unremarkable, whereas extraocular muscles revealed bilateral hyperintensities in inferior rectus, medial rectus and superior oblique muscles in both T1 and STIR sequences, with mild muscle atrophy. Muscle biopsy showed endomysial inflammatory infiltrates, MHC-1 expression was observed in clusters of non-necrotic cells. CD56 positive cells were observed in perifascicular regions. Patient discontinued Pembrolizumab and received corticosteroid treatment with progressive clinical improvement and CK normalization. Our findings support this clinical entity, suggesting that isolated ocular myositis represents a subgroup of generalised myositis with predominant ocular symptoms. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chemical accidents   HFACS   Accident causes   SMEs  

摘要： Chemical accidents have occurred frequently in recent years, and most have occurred in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs in the chemical industry face greater challenges than large enterprises with regard to accident prevention. However, SMEs have been unable to effectively learn from accidents due to the limited resources. The accident causation model is an effective tool to help the analyst learn from accidents. As a systematic accident causation model, the causes classification in the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) can match the characteristics of SMEs, but the cause of chemical accidents can be ineffectively identified by HFACS. In this study, HFACS was revised for the SMEs in the chemical industry, mainly consisting of three parts. First, based on the definition of factors in the original HFACS, the extended HFACS framework was obtained, which include 78 manifestations with the characteristics of the chemical accidents. Second, 101 accidents occurring in a SME in the chemical industry from 2012 to 2016 were analyzed though the extended HFACS framework. Finally, a new model, known as the HFACS-CSMEs, was obtained by further revising the manifestations and causes classification according to the statistical results of the accident analysis. HFACS-CSMEs consists of 15 cause factors and 56 manifestations, which can effectually identify and distinguish the causes in chemical accidents. Moreover, the easy-to-understand and statistically acceptable features of HFACS-CSMEs can cater to the SMEs regarding accident analysis. HFACS-CSMEs solves the problem that HFACS cannot be directly applied to chemical accidents and provides new ideas about preventing accidents in SMEs in the chemical industry.

ISBN: (纸本)9787518066155

关键词： Chemical industrial agglomeration   Land price variation   Environmental regulation   Geographically and Temporally Weighted   Regression model  

摘要： China's governments have a strong control over resources, such as land resources, and determine environmental policies for the nation. As an essential part of the production cost of chemical enterprises, land price and pollution costs play a critical role in location selection. However, whether the current incompletely competitive industrial land market and improving environmental regulations in China would affect chemical industrial agglomeration (CIA) is unclear. This study incorporates the land price variations, environmental regulation, and CIA into one research framework. Calculation methods of industrial land price variation (LPV), environmental regulation (ERI), and CIA are established, to reveal their development level. Furthermore, a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model is established to estimate the spatial and temporal impacts of land price variation and environmental regulation on CIA by using a panel data from 2007 to 2015. The results show significant spatial differences in the impacts of land price variation and environmental regulation on CIA between cities. The majority of the impacts of land price variation and environmental regulation on CIA are negative. However, the temporal change in the impacts are not as significant as the spatial change. Other control variables, namely, free trade, natural resources, and highway density, have a positive impact on CIA.

关键词： electrodialysis   mathematical description   calculation   apparatus   chemical production  

摘要： The paper presents a mathematical description of the electrodialysis process of chemical industrial wastewater separation and the method of calculating some technological parameters of the electrodialysis apparatus, taking into account the Spiegler friction theory. A sample calculation of these technological parameters for the case of treatment of wastewater containing nickel ions is presented.

关键词： Chemical industrial park   Domino effect   Emergency response   Mathematical model  

摘要： Accidents in chemical industrial parks can result in mass casualties and the risk usually escalates due to domino effects. However, most of the existing models of emergency logistics do not account for domino effect and may be unsuitable for emergency response to accidents in chemical industrial parks. This paper presents a mathematical model proposed for optimal assignments of allocating and scheduling emergency resources for rescuing victims and preventing accident spreading simultaneously. The detailed characteristics of accident scenarios and emergency resources are taken into account. Based on this, the efficiency of emergency response is evaluated by the total number of fatalities and the amount of losses caused by domino effects which are the optimal objectives of the model. A numerical case study was conducted by solving the model using a designed heuristic algorithm. The results showed the applicability and reliability of the proposed model for making optimal assignments for emergency response to accidents in chemical industrial parks.

关键词： 化工工艺   设计   安全问题   解决措施  

摘要： 化工生产的基础内容之一就是对于化工工艺的有效设计。如果工艺设计不达标,那么就会对其后期的生产造成巨大的影响。随着我国当前科学技术的不断发展,各行各业的技术都有了新的提高。这就会使其老旧问题出现了全面爆发。对此,这就需要当前阶段对其化工工艺的设计要进行深入的分析,以此才能够找到问题的根源。同时在这一过程当中,也需要强化设计人员的安全设计意识,避免在生产的过程当中由于设计的不足而导致其整体出现安全的问题。