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关键词： 化学工业   理事会   欧洲  

摘要： 《化学工业2050年愿景—欧洲化学工业应对世纪挑战之道》是最近业内比较热的一本书。这本由欧洲化学工业理事会撰写的著作,阐述了欧洲化学工业发展的大趋势,提出了到2050年欧洲化学工业的8点设想。该书充满想象,同时又十分严谨,为读者勾勒出一个更清洁、更安全、更环保的社会。

关键词： 石油化工   蒸汽管道   配管设计  

摘要： 随着时代的发展,我国工业化技术水平逐渐提升,人们对于石油化工工艺装置的建设也有了一定程度的提升。文章对石油化工工艺装置蒸汽管道配管设计进行分析,从其设计的重要性展开,提出了具体的设计方法,旨在保障蒸汽管道合理运行,从而为关注这一话题的人们提供参考。

关键词： 化工工艺设计   化工反应装置   管道材料  

摘要： 主要对化工工艺设计的基本特点及设计中存在的安全问题进行了分析,提出了加强原材料的控制管理、优化生产路线、优化生产环境、确保设备的生产安全、优化物料性质设计管理等控制策略,目的在于提高化工工艺设计水平,提升化工生产过程的安全性。

关键词： Big Data   Complex separations   Digital twin   Grey-box models   Soft sensor   White-box models  

摘要： In October 2019 the ProcessNet Section Fluid Dynamics and Separation" invited experts from academia and industry to discuss the status and future developments in the field. In contrast to earlier events considering a whole plant the focus was complementary on apparatus level. In five clusters within several workshops decision makers evaluated opportunities, challenges, and further cross-linking with other branches as a basis for further activities such as white paper, roadmap, etc.

关键词： Real-world evidence   Immunotherapy   Immune checkpoint inhibitors   Non-small cell lung cancer   NSCLC  

摘要： Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) quickly subverted the standard of treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), where they were first introduced in all comers previously treated advanced/metastatic NSCLC patients and subsequently in the first line of PD-Ll selected cases of metastatic and locally advanced disease. Treatment algorithm is an evolving landscape, where the introduction of front-line ICIs, with or without chemotherapy, unavoidably influences the following treatment lines. In this context, medical oncologists are currently facing many unclear issues, which have been not clarified so far by available data. Effectiveness and safety in special populations underrepresented in clinical trials - such as elderly, poor PS, hepatitis or human immunodeficiency virus-affected patients - are only a part of the unexplored side of ICIs in the real world. Indeed, pivotal randomized clinical trials (RCTs) often lack of external validity because eligibility criteria exclude some patient subgroups commonly treated in real-world clinical practice. Similarly, cog-effectiveness and sustainability of these innovative agents are important issues to be considered in the real-world. Though affected by several limitations, real-world evidence (RWE) studies allow to collect data regarding overall treated patients in clinical practice according to local authority regulations, overcoming the intrinsic limits of RCTs. The present review focuses on RWE about ICIs in lung cancer treatment, with particular reference to special patient populations, and discusses potential application of real-world data in a potential innovative drug development model.

关键词： Fluorine   Distribution   Superposed exposure   Phosphorous chemical industry   Fertilizer utilization  

摘要： The industrial and agricultural activities based on phosphorous can increase the F content in the surrounding area, causing a widespread adverse effect on the organisms. However, the current information on the superposed health risk posed by the multi-exposure to the F contamination in an area jointly affected by agricultural and industrial activities (DA) is limited. Herein, the F distribution in multienvironmental media and the exposure risk to humans by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact pathways are studied in an DA. The content of soil water-soluble fluorine (WF) was higher in the DA than in the area individually affected by agricultural activities (SA). This indicated a superposed contribution of the industrial and agricultural activities to increase the F toxicity in the soil. The correlation of the soil pH and the organic matter content with the soil WF concentration in DA suggested an inter-relationship between the soil physicochemical properties and the toxicity of F in the soil by industrial and agricultural activities. Irrigation water was not a major anthropogenic source of the cropland soil F. The large variation in F concentration in the crops (101.8-195.6%) might have originated from the discrepancies in the soil F content and air F concentration. The air F pollution (0.6-1.6 mg dm(-2) d(-1)) in the area particularly influenced by intensive industrial activities should be important. The exposure of residents to F was mainly from the ingestion of F-enriched crops. The higher exposure of adults to F than that of children could be attributed to more industrial and agricultural outdoor activities, larger exposure area of the skin, and more daily ingestion of F-enriched food by adults. Overall, present insights into the distribution of and the multi-exposure to F may be beneficial for decreasing the adverse F effects on the residents in DAs worldwide. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 化学工业   计算机仿真   高等职业教育   教材  

ISBN: (纸本)9787554403822

摘要： 本书以介绍化工仿真操作为主线，注重培养学生规范操作、团结合作、安全生产、节能环保等职业素质，通过运用实物、半实物或数字化动态模型，深层次地提示教学内容，使学生得到必要的分析能力训练和技能训练，为更好地适应工作岗位的需要打下坚实基础。本书可作为高职高专化工、医药、轻工等专业学生的教材，也可作为技术培训、岗位培训教材，还可作为相关专业学生的参考书。