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关键词： 水环境   污染物清理   淤泥   资源化利用  

摘要： 为解决水环境污染物清理与淤泥处理难题,依托河道水环境生态治理工程,设计了智能水面垃圾打捞装置,优化了暗涵清淤技术,并研发了淤泥脱水固化与资源化利用技术。通过智能传感、机械自动化等技术,实现了高效清理与精准治理;采用多公共转点侧方交会导线测量方法,解决了暗涵测量难题;研制了基于双纳米材料的淤泥絮凝固化剂,探索了淤泥的多种资源化利用途径。通过采用淤泥脱水固化与资源化利用技术,显著提升了水环境质量,降低了处理成本,减少了二次污染,为保护水环境提供了坚实的技术保障。

关键词： 腔镜器械管理   视频指导   满意度   彩色器械图谱  

摘要： 目的:研究分析基于彩色器械图谱和视频指导的医疗器械电子数据库在腔镜器械管理中的应用。方法:选取2023年5月~2023年10月本院300例腔镜器械为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=150)和试验组(n=150),对照组对腔镜器械采用普通处理流程,试验组对腔镜器械采用对照图谱或视频指导。比较两组腔镜器械基本情况、器械作业能力指数、无缺陷作业能力值及医师满意度。结果:试验组腔镜器械总错误发生率低于对照组,其中腔镜器械清洗错误率0.67%低于对照组3.33%;拆卸错误率2.00%低于对照组4.00%;组装错误率2.67%低于对照组5.33%;包装错误率1.33%低于对照组2.67%(P<0.05)。试验组器械作业能力指数中清点指数(0.57±0.02)、使用指数(0.66±0.03)、维护指数(0.58±0.07)均高于对照组,试验组无缺陷作业能力中清点值(4.10±0.46)、使用值(4.24±0.35)、维护值(4.33±0.62)均高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组医师总满意度高于对照组(P<0.05),其中非常满意度为40.67%,较满意度51.33%,不满意有12人,不满意度8.00%低于对照组16.67%(P<0.05)。结论:基于彩色器械图谱和视频指导的医疗器械电子数据库降低了腔镜器械在拆卸、清洗、配置、包装环节中的损坏率及错误率,提高了腔镜器械清洗质量及医师满意度。

关键词： 数据库   遥感图像   人脸识别   医学影像   自动驾驶   文字识别  

摘要： 为促进深度学习实例分割算法的应用研究,对其应用情况做系统的梳理总结,研究了基于深度学习的图像实例分割方法在各种常见的图像分割任务的应用进展。首先,介绍基于深度学习的图像实例分割技术现状;随之,分析和比较常用的数据库;然后,针对不同的应用场景,总结了各类实例分割方法在医学影像诊断、自动驾驶、视频监控等领域的应用情况。结果表明:随着深度学习的日趋成熟,基于深度学习的图像实例分割方法已经被广泛应用于各行各业中,也已成为该领域新兴研究热点,结合实例分割技术当下存在的不足,提出可行的解决方案,并展望了实例分割技术的发展未来。

关键词： 环境污染   公共卫生法制建设   城市卫生   整理与建设  

摘要： 民国初期北京市政卫生运动的背景城市卫生是伴随着西方工业化进程所带来的环境污染、疫病流行等问题而逐渐引起人们重视的,也是现代城市规划学科形成和发展的重要动因。起源于19世纪中叶的英国卫生改革运动,率先推动了该国公共卫生法制建设与社会变迁,进而刺激了以伦敦为代表的近代市政卫生工程;19世纪末霍华德(Ebenezer Howard)提出的意在通过改变城市结构、疏解城市人口从而实现城市卫生的田园城市思想,更是为现代城市规划打开了思想和实践的闸门,成为20世纪上半叶风靡全球的运动,“几乎构成了早期西方城市规划史发展的全景”。

关键词： 检索系统   数据库   美国化学文摘   剑桥科学文摘   临床营养   医学文献  

摘要： 《中文核心期刊要目总览》2023年版、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD),中国科技核心期刊(中国科技论文统计源期刊),中国生物医学文献数据库。荷兰《医学文献》(EMBASE),美国化学文摘数据库及其《化学文摘》(CA),美国《剑桥科学文摘(自然科学)》[CSA(Nat Sci)],世界卫生组织西太平洋地区医学索引(WPRIM)。

关键词： 数据库管理系统   大数据技术   结构化存储   查询优化   数据处理能力   半结构化   非结构化   数据分析  

摘要： 引言。大数据技术不仅改变了数据的产生、存储和分析方式,还深刻影响了数据库的设计、运维和优化策略。传统的数据库管理系统侧重于数据的结构化存储和查询优化,而在大数据环境下,数据呈现出非结构化、半结构化的特点,且数据量巨大、类型多样,这要求数据库管理系统必须具备更强的数据处理能力、更高的存储效率和更灵活的数据分析挖掘能力。

关键词： Navigation  

摘要： Considering the rapid development of information and communication technologies as well as the transformation of the energy industry, it is necessary to integrate the transportation infrastructure with the transport service, information, and energy sectors, thereby enhancing the service capabilities of the transportation system and promoting technological innovation and high-quality development of the comprehensive transportation infrastructure. Focusing on boosting China’s strength in transportation, this study clarifies the definition and characteristics of four-network integration (i.e., integration of the transportation infrastructure, transport service, information, and energy networks), and reviews the practical basis for improving the efficiency of the highway infrastructure from energy, information, service and other aspects. Moreover, it analyzes the development status and existing problems regarding four-network integration in the highway infrastructure field of China, and proposes the general idea, goals, system framework, and development modes of four-network integration in the field. Key tasks include building a new infrastructure system based on four-network integration, establishing a stable and reliable energy supply system for the highway infrastructure, upgrading the information service system, and building a multi-industry integrated service system for four-network integration. Furthermore, the study suggests the establishment of a management mechanism in line with the characteristics of four-network integration, a guidance mechanism in line with the application characteristics of new technologies, a sound standards and specification system for four-network integration, and an implementation monitoring, evaluation, and cooperation mechanism. © 2025 Beijing Zhongguo Gongcheng Kexue Zazhishe. All rights reserved.

关键词： Highway planning  

摘要： The comprehensive transport infrastructure is an important component of the comprehensive transport system and is vital for economic and social development. This study reviews the current situation and problems of comprehensive transport development in China, quantifies the supply-demand adaptability of railways, highways, water transport, and civil aviation by using the utilization index, and proposes the development direction, construction focus, and policy suggestions for the transport infrastructure. The research indicates that China’s transport infrastructure can basically adapt to economic and social development, but still cannot "fully adapt to people’s growing needs for a better life", a target proposed in the Planning Outline for a Comprehensive National Transport Network. Among the different modes of transport, civil aviation, intercity railways, and common national highways are the ones with insufficient adaptability. Combined with the adaptability analysis of the infrastructure, this study clarifies the ideas and focuses of transport infrastructure construction and proposes to optimize the demand assessment, project decision, and integrated planning and construction mechanisms of the comprehensive transport infrastructure. © 2025 Beijing Zhongguo Gongcheng Kexue Zazhishe. All rights reserved.

关键词： Concrete buildings  

摘要： Transport infrastructures, including railways, highways, waterways, and civil aviation systems, rely heavily on reinforced concrete as their primary structural material. Ensuring the durability of concrete structures is critical for maintaining transport safety, improving transportation efficiency, and extending service life. This study investigates the service status of transport infrastructure concrete structures and identifies key durability issues and challenges related to design theories, construction technologies, and operational systems. Advanced monitoring technologies for surface microcracks, ion permeation, internal damage, and reinforcement corrosion are reviewed, alongside precise maintenance technologies for concrete structures. Based on these findings, recommendations for enhancing the durability of these concrete structures are proposed, emphasizing the need for comprehensive top-level design, technological innovation, and the establishment of standards systems. These measures aim to ensure the long-term safety and reliability of the transport infrastructure concrete structures. © 2025 Beijing Zhongguo Gongcheng Kexue Zazhishe. All rights reserved.

摘要： 金涌 中国工程院院士、清华大学教授、著名化学工程学家 何继善 中国工程院院士、中南大学教授、著名应用地球物理学家 赵宇亮 中国科学院院士、发展中国家科学院院士、中国科学院高能物理研究所研究员、著名纳米科技专家