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关键词： supply chain disruption   network resilience   two-layer network   microscopic Markov chain (MMC) method   system propagation dynamics  

摘要： Objective With increased globalization, multiple countries are involved in supply chains, forming complex supply networks. Frequent occurrences of natural disasters, geopolitical instability, and global health crises pose unprecedented challenges to traditional supply chain management methods. Local disruptions in the supply chain can spread internally, causing a series of chain reactions. Enhancing supply chain risk resilience and robustness has become a research focus for many scholars. The widespread use of the Internet has led to rapid information exchange between enterprises; an increasing number of scholars have recognized the importance of early warning information in preventing supply chain disruptions. Therefore, understanding how information affects the propagation of risks within the supply chain and maximizing the early warning function of information have significant practical implications. Moreover, the heterogeneity in the responses of enterprises to early warning information also needs attention. Methods To capture the propagation of early warning information and disruption risks, a two-layer propagation model that couples risk and information is constructed. In this model, the upper layer represents the information layer and the lower layer represents the risk layer. The information of a disruption in a lower-layer enterprise is transmitted to upstream and downstream enterprises with a certain probability. After receiving the early warning information, an enterprise transitions into a conscious node and this transition is reflected in the upper layer network. In this model, there are five possible states for the nodes in the network. A microscopic Markov chain (MMC) method is used to analyze the state transition process between nodes and calculate the risk propagation threshold of the system. Furthermore, the key factors influencing the propagation of disruption risk are analyzed. An agent-based approach is used for case simulation to validate the m

关键词： 电解水制氢   碱性电解槽   质子交换膜电解槽   动态效率   协同运行  

摘要： 含氢综合能源系统是未来能源系统的重要组成，通过多类型电解槽模块协同控制有助于提升新能源消纳和制氢模块运行效率。本文建立了碱性水电解槽和质子交换膜水电解槽动态效能和启停特性模型，提出了含多类型电解槽模块的电-氢-热综合能源系统运行框架及协同优化策略，以系统运维成本、弃能成本、电解槽启停成本和制氢收益构成的综合成本最小为目标，实现各电解槽模块启停和功率优化。经修改的IEEE39节点电力-6节点热力系统验证，本文所提出的运行框架及优化策略可提升新能源消纳率，制氢系统能效提升8.13%、总成本收益增加40.83%。

关键词： Risk management  

摘要： With the development of informatization and networking and the acceleration of urbanization, the breadth and depth of the impact of disasters have been deepened. While as an effective measure and essential guarantee in response for disaster, the inter-government coordination still has a lot of problems to address, such as unclear division of rights and responsibilities, blocked resource sharing, and unreasonable interest coordination. Based on these problems, this study proposes an emergency response strategy model considering information sharing and resource sharing according to evolutionary game theory, and analyzes the external factors (e.g., disaster characteristics, regional location) and internal factors (e.g., cooperation efficiency, rescue efficiency, interest coordination, etc.) that affect inter-government coordination from a micro perspective, as well as guiding effect of the construction of the vertical government information sharing platform on horizontal inter-government emergency coordination, so as to analyses and compare the strategy selection and evolutionary path of governments. The following results and policy suggestions can be obtained through the numerical analysis of case of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: 1) The information sharing platform promotes the efficiency of horizontal inter-governmental communication and coordination to some extent. 2) External factors have a significant impact on horizontal inter-governmental coordination. Besides, horizonal governments determine the coordination amount of relief supplies with overall consideration. 3) The form of interest distribution affects the horizontal inter-governmental coordination. Both sides need to comprehensively consider the disaster situation, relief benefits, costs and other factors to allocate supplies and benefits so that increase the possibility of collaboration. 4) The traceability of information sharing platforms can provide more reasonable incentives, subsidies

关键词： 制造业企业   数字金融   风险承担水平   环境不确定性   新质生产力  

摘要： 以2013-2022年中国制造业上市公司为样本,探究数字金融对制造业企业新质生产力发展的影响。研究表明:数字金融能够促进制造业企业新质生产力发展和提升风险承担水平,风险承担在数字金融与制造业企业新质生产力发展之间发挥中介作用;环境不确定性对数字金融与制造业企业风险承担之间的关系具有正向调节作用。异质性分析发现,数字金融对非重污染企业与传统产业企业新质生产力的促进作用更加显著。

关键词： 审计监督   审计信息化   监管架构   发展趋势  

摘要： 审计是党和国家监督体系的重要组成部分，是推动国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要力量，旨在服务保障党和国家工作大局。文章基于我国审计信息化相关法律法规标准的制定发布脉络，探析我国审计信息化的监管架构和发展趋势，以期为我国审计监督体系的高质高效构建和审计监督的有力有效开展提供参考。研究发现：我国审计信息化监管工作主要由中央审计委员会、全国人大、国务院、审计署、审计机关、财政部、审信标委、中注协和中国内审协会等机构共同完成；大数据、人工智能、区块链、数字签名、云计算等新技术是审计领域未来应用的重点；安全保障、数字审计、数据资产审计等是审计法规制定的重点；基于XML和XBRL的数据标准和安全管理标准是审计标准的制定重点。

关键词： 进化算法   神经网络架构搜索   混合启发信息   自适应协方差策略   蒙特卡洛交换采样  

摘要： 针对神经网络架构搜索（NAS）任务，提出一种混合启发信息指导NAS(GHHI-NAS)算法。首先，GHHI-NAS算法核心通过设计融合先验知识与局部搜索反馈的启发信息构造模块，生成多维动态启发指标，并配合混合更新策略指导架构搜索，有效克服传统NAS因更新方向单一导致的全局探索不足及局部最优陷阱问题。其次，算法使用自适应协方差进化策略（CMA-ES）作为更新框架，辅以混合适应度评价函数，指导算法在初期跳出小模型陷阱；最后，通过适应度共享策略平滑评价噪声并提升种群多样性。为进一步降低采样带来的性能损失，还提出了带惩罚机制的蒙特卡洛交换采样方法。实验结果表明，GHHI-NAS在CIFAR-10和CIFAR-100上取得97.55%和83.44%的验证准确率，在ImageNet数据集上取得24.7%的测试错误率，在NAS-Bench-201上也取得杰出的表现，接近甚至略优于最新的进化神经网络架构搜索（ENAS）算法，同时搜索时间仅为0.12 GPU-Days，实现了较低的搜索开销和较高水平的测试性能。

关键词： 斜坡单元   信息量   逻辑回归   滑坡   易发性  

摘要： 三峡库区香溪河、咤溪河流域滑坡灾害频发,对库区人民生命财产及水陆交通安全造成了极大威胁。为探究该区域滑坡发育情况及成因,选取高程、高差、坡度、坡向、工程地质岩组、斜坡结构、涉水度、距水系距离、距道路距离、降雨量、土地利用等11个影响因子,以斜坡单元为评价单元,基于ArcGIS,以信息量-逻辑回归耦合模型开展滑坡易发性评价。结果表明:(1)降雨量和岩组与滑坡发育呈正相关,且相关性最大;(2)因地质构造和岩组的差异,两河流域的滑坡易发性显著不同,香溪河右岸较高,左岸南段较高、北段较低,而咤溪河两岸均为高易发及以上;(3)易发性等级与距河流距离呈现出显著负相关;(4)人类活动频繁的区域易发性等级大多较高;(5)经受试者工作特征曲线检验,评价结果精度为0.840,表明该模型能较为准确地预测滑坡的发生,以斜坡单元作为评价单元与实际情况更加贴合。

关键词： Energy policy  

摘要： Energy storage for new energy vehicles (NEVs) is of great significance for power grid load shifting, ensuring power supply security, and promoting clean electricity consumption. The competitive charging demand function during the peak power period and the off-peak power period is first proposed, and then an energy storage game model including grid companies, charging companies and NEV users is established. Furthermore, the influence of key factors such as peak and valley electricity prices, charging service fees, energy storage participation, and peak power grid operating costs on energy storage decisions is further investigated. Finally, the incentive efficiency of three kinds of NEV energy storage policies including valley power subsidy policy under power price regulation, peak power taxation policy under power price regulation and marketization of power price is also comprehensively examined. The results demonstrate that: 1) The NEV energy storage will not change the charging service fee and the total power consumption of the system during the peak and valley periods, but it can effectively increase the charging amount and the benefits of all parties during the valley power period at night;2) NEV users will obtain most of the NEV energy storage benefits, and the peak-to-valley price difference and peak power grid operating costs are the key factors driving all parties to participate in NEV energy storage;3) the valley power subsidy policy is better than the peak electricity tax policy, and when the peak electricity price is high, continuing the electricity price regulatory policy will have a better incentive effect than the marketization of electricity prices. This study will be beneficial to improve China’s NEV energy storage operation and incentive policies. © 2025 Systems Engineering Society of China. All rights reserved.

关键词： 除草剂   百草枯   敌草快   高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法   土壤  

摘要： 建立了一种同时测定土壤中敌草快和百草枯残留的高效液相色谱-质谱分析方法。样品经0.1 mol/L盐酸水-甲醇溶液提取，Oasis WCX固相萃取柱净化，Xbridge?HILLIC 色谱柱分离，多反应监测（MRM）-信息依赖性采集（IDA）-增强子离子扫描（EPI）模式采集数据，标准曲线外标法定量。结果表明，百草枯和敌草快在1～200 ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系，相关系数均大于0.99；敌草快和百草枯的检出限分别为0.3 μg/kg和0.5 μg/kg，定量限分别为1.0 μg/kg和5.0 μg/kg。在10，20，100 μg/kg 3个加标水平下，平均回收率在73.9%～112.3%之间，相对标准偏差为1.2%～12%。同时，通过EPI碎片离子图谱和保留时间等信息对目标物进行双重定性分析，有效排除了假阳性结果的干扰。该方法可用于土壤中百草枯和敌草快的测定及阳性样品的确证分析。

关键词： 信息贫困   寄宿制学校   中学生   社会建构  

摘要： 尽管城乡未成年人之间的数字接入鸿沟几近弥合，但信息贫困仍是乡镇寄宿中学生面临的现实难题。文章基于访谈与实地调查数据，识别该群体信息贫困的具体表现，采用社会建构主义视角探讨信息贫困的形成机制。研究发现，乡镇寄宿中学生的信息贫困表现在信息获取、信息需求与技术关系三个层面，体现出一条由环境制约到内在认知再到行为反应的逻辑脉络；寄宿生活现实是应试教育在时间与空间上的延伸，弱化了乡镇寄宿中学生的意义建构机制，乡村阶层的应试教育观念异化了乡镇寄宿中学生与技术的关系，使其忽视手机作为信息与知识工具的价值，其技术使用呈现出泛娱乐化特征；城乡之间教育资源差异的持续扩大和数字媒介的隐性分层，深化了城乡之间的结构性差异，推动了城乡中学生之间的信息分化。