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关键词： 宏观经济学-高等学校-教学参考资料  

摘要： 本书为学生积极参与经济模型的构造和应用,进行主动学习提供了多种途径,每一章都分成五个或六个部分:填空题、选择题、练习题、问答题、数据题和思考题,大多数问题的答案都附在学生指导后面。如果学生能够完成指导中的大部分习题,那么对宏观经济学的理解将会更加深入与持久。

ISBN: (纸本)9787040244045

关键词： 货币循环   求利经济   离岸中央银行  

摘要： 货币是自经济学诞生以来在经济学领域中争论不休,思想活跃的领域。但自20世纪下半期以来,尽管经济学在形式化的道路上越走越远,模型越来越复杂,却极难恰当的反映货币在现代资本主义经济中的实际功能。其中的原因是什么?出路何在?本文提出了一个新的分析框架:货币循环理论。货币循环理论从对货币的本质的讨论出发,提出了现代分工(尤其以纵向分工为特征)经济是在对货币的追求的微观动机下,建立起来用循环流动的货币为管道和连接纽带的串并联宏观结构的观点。文章首先回答了这样一个基本问题:在追求利润的经济中,构成利润、利息的那些货币,是从哪里来的。并就此抽象出循环的基本概念。在以此为出发,分别讨论了在加入内生信用/贷款货币、财富、纵向多部门分工等因素后,循环经济系统所具有的日常波动、繁荣萧条周期、动态竞争等特点。并结合“社会效率”这一概念,讨论了这种追求货币动机的循环经济真正的效率意义——刺激技术进步。对于扩大再生产的货币经济,文章着重研究了货币注入的途径,并提出了重要观点:某些国家债务和银行不良贷款,作为注入货币的方式,不应误认为是社会“无效率”的方式,而要采用更合理的方式来加以处理。在讨论完一般的结合生产体系运行的货币循环后,本文插入了对于现代经济影响越来越大的金融投机的讨论——脱离生产体系的货币符号创造。并以这两个基本理论作为出发点,应用在实际的历史和现实案例中,依次讨论了资本主义模式的建立和演变、跨国经济结构和大国与小国的外汇问题、从通货紧缩到恶性通货膨胀的各种货币现象等实际应用。点出了市场的真正要害,不是在于“交换”及所谓资源配置优化,而是“销售”及货币收入。其中值得给予特别关注的是,本文就大国的外汇储备使用,提出了建立“服务于海外生产网络扩张”的“离岸中央银行”的想法,为中国的外汇储备管理,提供了一个全新的思路。

摘要： The aim of this work is to provide a better theoretical and empirical understanding of government policies and its effects on income per capita and growth differences across countries. The first chapter documents a strong positive relationship between income per capita and efficiency in the allocation of labor resources across sectors for a set of twenty four countries over forty one years. It provides a theoretical explanation where the most productive firms suffer from a labor distortion that affects the wage they face. There is a two sector economy with different labor intensities. If the labor intensive sector receives a good sectoral shock, its labor productivity growth falls relative to the economy's average but sectoral labor growth remains above the average. The higher the wage distortion is, the less efficient a country becomes in allocating its labor resources. If China adopts the U.S. wage distortion level, the model predicts welfare would increase by 1.3 percantage-points. The chapter then analyzes alternative theories whose forces could counterbalance the effects of the wage distortion on the allocative efficiency measure. The negative correlation between sectoral labor productivity growth and sectoral labor stock growth observed in the sample, plus the larger labor reallocation measures in countries that allocate their labor resources less efficiently reinforce the idea of wage distortions being present in the data. If this is the case, policy prescriptions should focus on diminishing distortions faced by large enterprises in the formal sectors of these economies. The second chapter is jointly written with Peter Blair Henry. It analyzes the impact of capital account liberalizations on wages and labor productivity for a set of eighteen countries. For three years after the typical developing country opens its stock market to inflows of foreign capital, the average annual growth rate of the real wage in the manufacturing sector increases by a factor of se

关键词： 古典经济   经济增长   宏观经济  

摘要： 经济增长问题是宏观经济理论研究的一个重要的内容.长期以来,人们对经济增长理论进行了大量的研究,产生了各种不同的理论和思想.这一方面反映了人们对影响经济增长的各种因素的认识过程;另一方面也反映了对各种因素的相对重要性及各种因素间的相互关系有着不同的看法.对经济增长问题的研究对于促进我国经济高速、稳定、持续的增长具有重要的理论意义和现实指导意义.

关键词： 道路   经济学院   诺贝尔经济学奖   成就   宏观经济学   意外   学习   医学   意大利   经济学家  

摘要： 一个人的一生究竟会在哪个领域取得杰出的建树,并不是在很年轻的时候就能够看得出来的。很多杰出的人最终的成就并不是他一开始追求的道路,甚至是背道而驰的。1985年获得诺贝尔经济学奖的意大利经济学家莫迪利阿尼就是一个意外的成功者。他在17岁那一年考上了大学,但是到了大学以后学什么自己却毫无主见。作为医

ISBN: (纸本)9787308062190

摘要： Research macroeconomists have witnessed remarkable methodological developments in mathematical, statistical, and computational tools during the last two decades. The three essays in this dissertation took advantage of these advances to analyze important macroeconomic issues.@pqdt@break@The first essay, " Habit Formation, Adjustments Costs, and International Business Cycle Puzzles" analyzes the extent to which incorporating habit formation and adjustment costs in investment in a one-good two-country general equilibrium model would help overcome some of the international business cycle puzzles. Unlike standard results in the literature, the model generates persistent, cyclical adjustment paths in response to shocks. It also yields positive cross-country correlations in consumption, employment, investment, and output. Cross-country correlations in output are higher than the ones in consumption. This is qualitatively consistent with the stylized facts. These results are particularly striking given the predicted negative correlations in investment, employment, and output that are typically found in the literature.@pqdt@break@The second essay, "Comparison Utility, Endogenous Time Preference, and Economic Growth," uses World War II as a natural experiment to analyze the degree to which a model where consumers' preferences exhibit comparison-based utility and endogenous discounting is able to improve upon existing models in mimicking the transitional dynamics of an economy after a shock that destroys part of its capital stock. The model outperforms existing ones in replicating the behavior of the saving rate (both on impact and along the transient paths) after this historical event. This result brings additional support to the endogenous rate of time preference being a crucial element in growth models.@pqdt@break@The last essay, "Monetary Policy under Fear of Floating: Modeling the Dominican Economy," presents a small scale macroeconomic model for a country (Dominican Repub

关键词： 出版   全球化   推荐理由   经济学家   城市与国家财富   宏观经济学   大经济学  

摘要： 《城市与国家财富——经济生活的基本原则》ISBN:978-7-5086-1169-3作者:简·雅各布斯出版日期:2008年6月估计定价:30.00元推荐理由:作者简·雅各布斯被誉为"最值得珍惜的公共知识分子"、"新都市生活之母",是《美国大城市的生与死》的传奇作者。2006年辞世后,全世界各大

摘要： Frictions may crucially influence the behavior of economies and policy design. As a consequence, using macroeconomic models that explicitly incorporate different types of frictions has become popular. In this dissertation, we move in that direction by incorporating either informational or financial frictions into different environments and analyzing their main implications. In the context of informational frictions, we focus on repeated moral hazard problems emerging from the non observability of agents' actions. With respect to financial frictions, we focus on agents' limited access to capital markets. In the first chapter, we study how the presence of moral hazard in labor contracts shapes the wage distribution in a search environment with on-the job offers. Since moral hazard induces residual wage dispersion as a mechanism to encourage workers' effort (incentives effect), one would intuitively argue that it unambiguously leads to more wage inequality. However, this reasoning overlooks the fact that the presence of moral hazard affects the worker's continuation values resulting from job offers, as well as the effort schedule. These changes are such that the wage profile associated with job offers shifts down and becomes flatter across productivity levels and educational levels which leads to less wage dispersion (wage offers effect). We calibrate the model to the U.S economy. The main result is that the wage offers effect more than offsets the incentives effect. In fact, eliminating the information friction increases wage dispersion by approximately 7%. In the second chapter, we consider the problem of unemployment insurance in a repeated moral hazard framework. Unlike the existing literature, in our environment, unemployed workers can secretly participate in a hidden labor market. This extension substantially modifies the properties of the optimal payment schedule. In particular, for workers with relatively low continuation values, the payment profile becomes fla