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关键词： 宏观经济学   实践教学环节  

摘要： 实践教学能有效改善应用型本科院校宏观经济学教学过程中存在的问题。本文提出了宏观经济学实践教学环节的设计要点:与行业和地区紧密结合,与时事热点紧密结合,制定可操作的实践环节指导方案,选择合适的实践教学环节的组织形式。并且对宏观经济学实践教学环节的效果进行了分析。

ISBN: (纸本)9787508459844

ISBN: (纸本)9787300103938

摘要： This dissertation comprises three essays in open economy and international macroeconomics. The first essay investigates the propagation mechanism of real exchange rate shocks to key real sectors that constitute U.S. foreign trade. The analysis is carried out by decomposing the U.S. trade balance into agriculture, manufacturing and services and evaluating how these sectors respond through the monetary policy channel to a shock in the real exchange rate. A VAR model is constructed using quarterly data of the U.S. foreign trade from 1976Q2 to 2005Q1. The results show that a shock to the real exchange rate has a greater impact on manufacturing and services net trade relative to agriculture. Moreover, the results also indicate, at the sectoral level, that exports are more sensitive to the real exchange rate shocks than are imports. These results are important to researchers using dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models of small open economies because they show transmission features of real exchange rate and monetary policy disturbances to key sectoral components of exports, imports and the trade balance. The second essay employs a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework to an open economy setting in order to investigate the mechanism through which the key sectors of agriculture, manufacturing and services are affected by shocks in the real exchange rates. The essay investigates exchange rate movements as deviations from purchasing power parity, disregarding the changes in the prices of non-tradable goods relative to tradable goods among countries. The results suggest that exchange rate movements are a function of structural parameters that constitute the three sectors of agriculture, manufacturing and services such as labor shares and the elasticity of substitution between domestic and foreign goods. The third essay examines the key forces driving innovation among entrepreneurs of ICT (information and communications technology) firms within Bangalor

ISBN: (纸本)9787040275575

摘要： This dissertation consists of two essays analyzing the role of complementarities in macroeconomic general equilibrium models. The first essay explores the macroeconomic consequences of "crony capitalism" and argues that allocating key managerial positions by non-economic criteria can, in general equilibrium, impose a substantial burden on economic welfare. The degree of complementarity between firm and managerial attributes is critical to quantifying the economic effects of crony appointments. The second essay revisits the widely-known international portfolio diversification puzzle. Using a general equilibrium two-country model, I show that complementarities in a production technology with home bias are associated with equilibrium portfolio shares that are not trivially related to the parameters governing home bias itself. Whenever the substitution elasticity is different from unity, the terms of trade do not offer full insurance against country-specific shocks. Small foreign portfolio shares—relative to the amount of technological home bias—can indeed be optimal as long as Home and Foreign goods are sufficiently close substitutes.

关键词： 维克赛尔   凯恩斯   累积过程学说   宏观经济学  

摘要： 克努特·维克赛尔,一个充满争议又极富戏剧性和传奇色彩的北欧学派经济学家,一个被后人称作“斯堪的纳维亚的马歇尔”,他是西方经济学说史上第一个反对“萨伊法则”,反对资本主义经济机制能实现自动均衡的传统经济理论的经济学家,在经济思想史中占有及其重要的地位。 对维克赛尔的历史功绩的评价,一百多年来却从来没有像几乎与他同时代的伟大经济学家凯恩斯那样高。不可否认,凯恩斯是他所处的那个时代的最杰出的经济学家。凯恩斯的三部主要经济著作,即1923年出版的《货币改革论》、1930年出版的《货币论》和1936年出版的《就业、利息和货币通论》足以对他之后的经济学家产生极大而深刻地影响,并对西方经济理论界产生革命性的变革。但是维克塞尔对当代宏观经济学的贡献却是最早的,也是最根本性的。比如,首次将总量问题引入经济理论体系核心中来的经济学流派是早期的瑞典学派,而维克塞尔则是这个学派创始人;而在一个多世纪以前,维克塞尔就已经把握了现代宏观经济学所关注的最核心问题----真实变量与名义变量的关系问题。维克赛尔不仅发展了庞巴维克的资本利息论和瓦尔拉斯的一般均衡理论,而且他又首创了累积过程学说。所以维克赛尔才是名副其实的现代宏观经济学的开创者。 本文采用对比研究的分析方法,首先介绍维克赛尔的基本经济理论,然后介绍凯恩斯的经济理论,最后在其基础之上,将两者的经济理论进行比较研究,深刻挖掘体现在凯恩斯经济理论中的维克赛尔的经济思想。最后得出结论:作为鼻祖的现代宏观经济学奠基人的凯恩斯,其经济理论或主要经济思想是在传承了维克赛尔的经济理论的基础之上,加上自己的创新,逐步形成的。

关键词： 广义虚拟经济   研究范式   哲学基础   微观经济学   宏观经济学  

摘要： 以构建广义虚拟经济的理论研究范式为目标,在综合前人研究的基础上,提出了一条哲学--经济学--其他学科的研究路径.哲学作为其理论之'根',经济学是其理论的'主干',而其他学科则是其理论的'枝叶和花朵'.文章的重点内容是在广义虚拟经济哲学基础上,构建广义虚拟经济的微观经济分析框架和宏观经济分析框架.

ISBN: (纸本)9787111254461

关键词： 新开放经济宏观经济学   名义刚性   不完全竞争  

摘要： 新开放经济宏观经济学(new open economy macroeconomics，NOEM)产生于上世纪末，目前处于西方开放宏观经济研究的前沿位置。作为新新古典综合(new neoclassical synthesis，NNS)框架的成功范例，NOEM把名义刚性和不完全竞争引入动态一般均衡模型，使得研究有了坚实的选择性微观基础。NOEM继承了Mundell-Fleming模型以来国际宏观经济分析的传统智慧和经验常识，关注现实经济问题，对积极的政府政策持友善态度。NOEM可以说是用当前最流行的理论框架来解决当前最重要的问题，同时，它又是这一领域已有研究传统的某种延续。本文从NOEM的理论框架和所关注问题的两个方面入手，对这个领域的文献进行了综述。