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关键词： 乱世   美国哈佛大学   宏观经济学   樊纲   曼昆  

摘要： 非常高兴有机会和我的师长樊纲先后登台交流观点。1986年我们两位在美国哈佛大学一起学曼昆教授的＂宏观经济学＂。我的发言对樊纲的发言做一些补充,

关键词： 宏观经济学   高等学校   教材  

ISBN: (数字)9787560976709 ISBN: (纸本)9787560976709

摘要： 本书主要讲述了西方宏观经济理论的基本观点，主要包括宏观经济变量、宏观经济短期模型、宏观经济运行、宏观经济学派等内容。

ISBN: (纸本)9787115225740

摘要： This dissertation explores the importance of the financial sector for the propagation of macroeconomic shocks and for the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy. In the chapter entitled "Liquidity Risk and the Macroeconomic Costs of Financial Crises," I integrate a financial sector engaging in liquidity transformation into a New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. The financial firms issue demandable debt against illiquid assets. Firms choose a mix of demandable and maturity-matched debt that optimally balances the lower interest rate on demandable debt against the rollover risk it introduces. Financial firms hold government debt as a reserve of liquid assets against the possibility of creditor withdrawals. An unexpected increase in rollover risk sparks a flight to quality that reduces money velocity and nominal interest rates on government debt. Liquidity transformation declines. The macroeconomic effects of adverse shocks to the financial sector are amplified, even relative to Bernanke, Gertler, and Gilchrist (1999). In contrast with the standard New Keynesian model, the central bank in my model can decrease the severity of the output decline by conducting open market purchases to increase the privately available supply of both money and government debt, relative to the supply of illiquid assets. In the chapter entitled "Financial Policy in a Liquidity Trap," my coauthor and I show that a policy of recapitalizing leverage-constrained capital producers reduces the severity of a liquidity trap or avoids one altogether. Recapitalization policy sharply dominates fiscal stimulus. Both policies allow the savings and investment market to equilibrate with a smaller fall in output and inflation, but fiscal stimulus discourages savings while recapitalization boosts investment. So, recapitalization leads to a faster recovery in output. The accelerated recovery increases future inflation, which lowers the real rate of interest inside the liquidity trap. We

摘要： In this dissertation, I examine three questions of relevance to macroeconomists and macroeconomic policy makers. Chapter 1 studies how central banks should communicate with the general public about their policies and the state of the economy. Chapter 2 evaluates alternative empirical estimates of the effects of tax changes through the lens of a dynamic-stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. Chapter 3 examines the degree to which international borders segment product markets above and beyond the market segmentation that occurs within countries. Central banks and other public actors often perceive a tradeoff between providing the public with useful information and the risk of overwhelming it with excessive communication. In chapter 1, I model this tension in a heterogeneous-information environment in which an information authority chooses how many signals to provide regarding an aggregate state. Agents respond by choosing how many signals to observe. When agents desire coordination in actions, I show that the number of signals they acquire may decrease in the number released by the authority. Regardless of whether agents and the authority value coordination equally, the optimal quantity of communication is positive, but does not maximize agents' acquisition of information. In contrast to a model without information choice, the authority always prefers to provide more precise signals. Estimating the tax multiplier via structural vector autoregression (SVAR) and the narrative approach delivers significantly different results. The former yields multipliers of about 1, whereas the latter produces much larger multipliers of about 3. The SVAR and narrative approaches differ along two important dimensions: the identification scheme and the reduced-form transmission mechanism. Chapter 2 uses a DSGE-model approach to evaluate the hypothesis that the different tax multipliers stemming from the SVAR and narrative approaches are due to differences in the assumed reduced-for

ISBN: (纸本)9787300158716

ISBN: (纸本)9787214060242

ISBN: (纸本)9787300148366

关键词： 凯恩斯主义   宏观经济学   经济周期理论   均衡理论  

摘要： 文章首先回顾了凯恩斯主义理论所借助的计量经济学框架，该理论藉此从互不相连的定性讨论进化为一个能够系统地运用数据作估计的方程组，并在需要量化货币和财政政策时提供可操作的指导建议。接着，文章对导致这一框架在20世纪70年代失败的主要原因进行了讨论。文章指出，现代宏观经济模型在政策指导上毫无价值，而沿着现在的思路所进行的任何修正也都无法改变这种情况。这一判断提出了一个有用的经济周期理论所必须具备的某些原则。

关键词： 经济类课程   宏观经济学   微观经济学   AP   课程比较   经济学教材   经济学科  

摘要： "具有中国特色的社会主义经济理论"与以西方经济学理论为基础的宏观经济学、微观经济学原理等有较大的不同,这种差异也必然会在国内外不同的高中经济类课程中体现出来。为了更好地培养经济类人才,世界各国都从高中阶段开始开设经济学基础课。经济学科作为高中阶段一门非常重要的课程,越来越受到各国高中生的青睐。这