关键词：
violence
crime
kingpin
Mexico
drugs
cartels
academic performance
school day
Mexico
full-time school
female labor
education
childcare
childrearing
Thesis
摘要：
This dissertation introduces three essays on the effects of different public policies on crime, education, and labor outcomes using quasi-experimental research designs. These policies include targeting high-ranked members of criminal organizations to fighting organized crime and extending the school day. In the first essay “Kingpin Approaches to Fighting Crime and Community Violence: Evidence from Mexico’s Drug War," a joint work with Jason Lindo, we consider the effects of the kingpin strategy, an approach to fighting organized crime in which law-enforcement efforts focus on capturing the leaders of criminal organizations, on community violence in the context of Mexico’s drug war. Newly constructed historical data on drug-trafficking organizations’ areas of operation at the municipality level and monthly homicide data allow us to control for a rich set of fixed effects and to leverage variation in the timing of kingpin captures to estimate their effects. This analysis indicates that kingpin captures cause large and sustained increases to the homicide rate in the municipality of capture and smaller but significant effects on other municipalities where the kingpin’s organization has a presence, supporting the notion that removing kingpins can have destabilizing effects throughout an organization that are accompanied by escalations in violence. In the second essay “The Short and Long Run Effects of Full-Time Schools on Academic Performance," I study the effect of extending the school day on student achievement in Mexico, where more than 23,000 schools have extended their school day from 4.5 to 8 hours since 2007. I use the variation in the timing with which schools extended their school day to estimate the impact of this intervention on students’ math and reading test scores. I find evidence that extending the school day does not affect student achievement the year of adoption; however it improves math and reading test scores by 5 percent of a standard deviation one y
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