摘要： Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, a new lung cancer treatment, is limited to a few patients due to low PD-L1 expression and tumor immunosuppression. To address these challenges, the upregulation of PD-L1 has the potential to elevate the response rate and efficiency of anti-PD-L1 and alleviate the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we developed a novel usnic acid-derived Iridium(III) complex, Ir-UA, that boosts PD-L1 expression and converts "cold tumors" to "hot". Subsequently, we administered Ir-UA combined with anti-PD-L1 in mice, which effectively inhibited tumor growth and promoted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell infiltration. To our knowledge, Ir-UA is the first iridium-based complex to stimulate the expression of PD-L1 by explicitly regulating its transcription factors, which not only provides a promising platform for immune checkpoint blockade but, more importantly, provides an effective treatment strategy for patients with low PD-L1 expression.

关键词： 前列腺癌   ATF3   免疫组化   前列腺特异性抗原  

摘要： 目的:探究转录因子ATF3与前列腺癌的临床相关性,了解ATF3在前列腺癌组织中的表达以及其表达强度对前列腺癌患者预后的影响。方法:采用公共数据库挖掘的方法分析ATF3在前列腺癌组织中的突变情况以及ATF3在正常前列腺组织以及前列腺癌组织中的表达情况,kaplan-meier方法分析ATF3的表达强度与前列腺癌患者临床预后的相关性;免疫组化染色验证ATF3在正常前列腺组织和前列腺癌组织中的蛋白表达;患者临床信息分析ATF3的表达高低与前列腺癌临床特征的关联。结果:ATF3在前列腺癌组织中表现为高扩增突变,且ATF3在前列腺癌组织中的表达明显高于正常前列腺组织;ATF3与前列腺癌疾病的发生、进展(病灶转移)相关;高表达ATF3的前列腺癌患者预后较差。结论:ATF3的表达强度与前列腺癌的发生发展相关,可作为前列腺癌诊断及预后判断的重要指标。

关键词： 猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒   转录激活因子3   炎性因子   病毒复制  

摘要： 为探究转录激活因子3(activating transcription factor 3,ATF3)在猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒(porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus,PHEV)复制过程中的作用,本研究通过Western blot、qRT-PCR和间接免疫荧光试验检测PHEV感染后ATF3表达水平及亚细胞定位变化,并在干扰ATF3后检测PHEV含量及相关炎性细胞因子变化。结果显示,PHEV感染后,ATF3的表达水平显著上调,同时ATF3从细胞浆转入细胞核中启动下游基因表达;而干扰ATF3后,细胞内炎性因子IFN-β,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-1β转录水平下调,PHEV含量显著增加。结果表明,PHEV感染后上调ATF3可动态调节神经元中的炎性因子并对机体产生保护作用。

关键词： activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)   biomarker   neuronal injury   neuroprotection   spinal cord injury   stroke  

摘要： BackgroundAlthough many molecules have been investigated as biomarkers for spinal cord injury (SCI) or ischemic stroke, none of them are specifically induced in central nervous system (CNS) neurons following injuries with low baseline expression. However, neuronal injury constitutes a major pathology associated with SCI or stroke and strongly correlates with neurological outcomes. Biomarkers characterized by low baseline expression and specific induction in neurons post-injury are likely to better correlate with injury severity and recovery, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity for CNS injuries compared to non-neuronal markers or pan-neuronal markers with constitutive *** animal studies, young adult wildtype and global Atf3 knockout mice underwent unilateral cervical 5 (C5) SCI or permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Gene expression was assessed using RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR, while protein expression was detected through immunostaining. Serum ATF3 levels in animal models and clinical human samples were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) *** transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a molecular marker for injured dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, was not expressed in spinal cord or cortex of na & iuml;ve mice but was induced specifically in neurons of the spinal cord or cortex within 1 day after SCI or ischemic stroke, respectively. Additionally, ATF3 protein levels in mouse blood significantly increased 1 day after SCI or ischemic stroke. Importantly, ATF3 protein levels in human serum were elevated in clinical patients within 24 hours after SCI or ischemic stroke. Moreover, Atf3 knockout mice, compared to the wildtype mice, exhibited worse neurological outcomes and larger damage regions after SCI or ischemic stroke, indicating that ATF3 has a neuroprotective ***3 is an easily measurable, neuron-specifi

关键词： Sevoflurane   Ferroptosis   Hydrogen peroxide   ER stress   ATF3   Developing brain  

摘要： Neuronal cell death is acknowledged as the primary pathological basis underlying developmental neurotoxicity in response to sevoflurane exposure, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that is driven by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous iron through the Fenton reaction and participates in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological diseases. As stress response factor, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) can be activated by the PERK/ATF4 pathway during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, followed by increased intracellular H2O2, which is involved in regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Here, we investigated whether ferroptosis and ATF3 activation were implicated in sevoflurane-induced neuronal cell death in the developing brain. The results showed that sevoflurane exposure induced neuronal death as a result of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation damage secondary to H2O2 accumulation and ferrous iron increase, which was consistent with the criteria for ferroptosis. Furthermore, we observed that increases in iron and H2O2 induced by sevoflurane exposure were associated with the upregulation and nuclear translocation of ATF3 in response to ER stress. Knockdown of ATF3 expression alleviated iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which prevented sevoflurane-induced neuronal ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ATF3 promoted sevoflurane-induced H2O2 accumulation by activating NOX4 and suppressing catalase, GPX4, and SLC7A11 expression. Additionally, an increase in H2O2 was accompanied by the upregulation of TFR and TF and downregulation of FPN, which linked iron overload to ferroptosis induced by sevoflurane. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ER stress-mediated ATF3 activation contributed to sevoflurane-induced neuronal ferroptosis via H2O2 accumulation and the resultant iron overload.

关键词： Co-catalpol   Co -administration detoxification   Fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity   Ferroptosis   ATF3/FSP1 signaling  

摘要： Background: Fluoxetine is often used as a well-known first -line antidepressant. However, it is accompanied with hepatogenic injury as its main organ toxicity, thereby limiting its application despite its superior efficacy. Fluoxetine is commonly traditionally used combined with some Chinese antidepressant prescriptions containing Rehmannia glutinosa (Dihuang) for depression therapy and hepatoprotection. Our previous experiments showed that co-Dihuang can alleviate fluoxetine-induced liver injury while efficiencies, and catalpol may be the key ingredient to characterize the toxicity-reducing and synergistic effects. However, whether co-catalpol can alleviate fluoxetine-induced liver injury and its toxicity-reducing mechanism remain unclear. Purpose: On the basis of the first recognition of the dose and duration at which pre-fluoxetine caused hepatic injury, co-catalpol's alleviation of fluoxetine-induced hepatic injury and its pathway was comprehensively elucidated. Method and Results: The hepatoprotection of co-catalpol was evaluated by serum biochemical indexes sensitive to hepatic injury and multiple staining techniques for hepatic pathologic analysis. Subsequently, the pathway by which catalpol alleviated fluoxetine-induced hepatic injury was predicted by network pharmacology to be predominantly the inhibition of ferroptosis. These were validated and confirmed in subsequent experiments with key technologies and diagnostic reagents related to ferroptosis. Further molecular docking showed that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) were the the most prospective molecules for catalpol and fluoxetine among many ferroptosis-related molecules. The critical role of ATF3/FSP1 signaling was further observed by surface plasmon resonance, diagnostic reagents, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, real -time PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that fluoxetine directly bound to ATF3 and FSP

关键词： 超重/肥胖   结直肠癌   血清   转录激活因子3   临床意义  

摘要： 目的:检测并比较超重/肥胖结直肠癌患者和健康体检人员血清中转录激活因子3(ATF3)的表达差异,探究ATF3与超重/肥胖结直肠恶性肿瘤的临床病理相关性及其诊断效能,评估其作为超重/肥胖结直肠癌患者早期诊断的分子标志物的价值。方法:使用酶联免疫吸附试验检测34例结直肠癌患者和24例健康体检人员血清中ATF3的表达水平,分析其表达水平与结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系。利用ROC曲线评估ATF3的诊断效能,并与临床常用肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原进行比较,评估其作为分子标志物在诊断超重/肥胖人群结直肠癌方面的临床价值。结果:正常体质量结直肠癌患者和健康体检人员的血清ATF3表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),超重/肥胖结直肠癌患者血清ATF3的表达水平明显高于超重/肥胖健康体检人员(P<<0.05)。超重/肥胖结直肠癌患者血清ATF3表达水平与肿瘤部位和TNM分期密切相关。ROC曲线结果表明ATF3对超重/肥胖结直肠癌患者的诊断效能高于临床常用肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原。结论:超重/肥胖结直肠癌患者血清中ATF3的表达水平升高,与结直肠癌的恶性进展密切相关。ATF3具有成为超重/肥胖人群结直肠癌分子诊断的血清学指标的潜力。

关键词： Antagonists   Cancer   Electrostatics   Hydrophobicity   Peptides and proteins  

摘要： Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is an activation transcription factor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family member. It is recognized as an important regulator of cancer progression by repressing expression of key inflammatory factors such as interferon-gamma and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4). Here, we describe a novel library screening approach that probes individual leucine zipper components before combining them to search exponentially larger sequence spaces not normally accessible to intracellular screening. To do so, we employ two individual semirational library design approaches and screen using a protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA). First, a 248,832-member library explored 12 amino acid positions at all five a positions to identify those that provided improved binding, with all e/g positions fixed as Q, placing selection pressure onto the library options provided. Next, a 59,049-member library probed all ten e/g positions with 3 options. Similarly, during e/g library screening, a positions were locked into a generically bindable sequence pattern (AIAIA), weakly favoring leucine zipper formation, while placing selection pressure onto e/g options provided. The combined a/e/g library represents similar to 14.7 billion members, with the resulting peptide, ATF3W_aeg, binding ATF3 with high affinity (T (m) = 60 C-degrees;K (d) = 151 nM) while strongly disfavoring homodimerization. Moreover, ATF3W_aeg is notably improved over component PCA hits, with target specificity found to be driven predominantly by electrostatic interactions. The combined a/e/g exponential library screening approach provides a robust, accelerated platform for exploring larger peptide libraries, toward derivation of potent yet selective antagonists that avoid homoassociation to provide new insight into rational peptide design.

关键词： HVPRF   Neuropathic pain   Autophagy   ATF3   TNF-alpha   IL-10  

摘要： Neuropathic pain (NeP) is intractable for which many therapies are ineffective. High-voltage pulsed radiofrequency (HVPRF) on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is considered an effective treatment for NeP. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic voltage for the optimal efficacy of PRF and the underlying mechanisms. The radiofrequency electrode was placed close to the L5 DRG of rats with spared nerve injury (SNI) and emitted current by the corresponding voltage in different groups. Four different voltages (45 V, 65 V, 85 V, and 100 V) of PRF on DRG significantly alleviated the SNI-induced NeP, reduced the levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in DRG, improved the ultrastructure of DRG, and promoted autophagy in spinal microglia to varying degrees and partially reversed the increased expression of TNF-alpha and the reduced expression of IL-10 in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). The beneficial effect of 85V-PRF was superior to those of other three PRF treatments. The underlying mechanisms may be related to repairing the DRG damage and improving the DRG ultrastructure while regulating spinal microglial autophagy and thereby alleviating neuroinflammation.

关键词： ATF3   ILF3   NEAT1   Sepsis   Macrophage polarization  

摘要： BackgroundSepsis is a systemic inflammatory response which is frequently associated with acute lung injury (ALI). Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) promotes M2 polarization, however, the biological effects of ATF3 on macrophage polarization in sepsis remain ***-stimulated macrophages and a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis were generated as in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of ATF3, ILF3, NEAT1 and other markers. The phenotypes of macrophages were monitored by flow cytometry, and cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA assay. The association between ILF3 and NEAT1 was validated by RIP and RNA pull-down assays. RNA stability assay was employed to assess NEAT1 stability. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter and ChIP assays were used to study the interaction between ATF3 and ILF3 promoter. Histological changes of lung tissues were assessed by H&E and IHC analysis. Apoptosis in lungs was monitored by TUNEL ***3 was downregulated, but ILF3 and NEAT1 were upregulated in PBMCs of septic patients, as well as in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression of ATF3 or silencing of ILF3 promoted M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells via regulating NEAT1. Mechanistically, ILF3 was required for the stabilization of NEAT1 through direct interaction, and ATF3 was a transcriptional repressor of ILF3. ATF3 facilitated M2 polarization in LPS-stimulated macrophages and CLP-induced septic lung injury via ILF3/NEAT1 ***3 triggers M2 macrophage polarization to protect against the inflammatory injury of sepsis through ILF3/NEAT1 axis.