关键词： cell migration   IQGAP1   PIP2   PIPKI gamma   polybasic motif  

摘要： Phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) is a key lipid messenger for regulation of cell migration. PIP2 modulates many effectors, but the specificity of PIP2 signalling can be defined by interactions of PIP2-generating enzymes with PIP2 effectors. Here, we show that type I gamma phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIPKI gamma) interacts with the cytoskeleton regulator, IQGAP1, and modulates IQGAP1 function in migration. We reveal that PIPKI gamma is required for IQGAP1 recruitment to the leading edge membrane in response to integrin or growth factor receptor activation. Moreover, IQGAP1 is a PIP2 effector that directly binds PIP2 through a polybasic motif and PIP2 binding activates IQGAP1, facilitating actin polymerization. IQGAP1 mutants that lack PIPKI gamma or PIP2 binding lose the ability to control directional cell migration. Collectively, these data reveal a synergy between PIPKI gamma and IQGAP1 in the control of cell migration.

关键词： IQGAP1   pancreatic cancer   tissue microarray   immunohistochemistry  

摘要： BACKGROUND:Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with the lowest survival rate.A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms which contribute to pancreatic cancer occurrence and progression will aid in the development of new approaches to the early diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of this deadly *** scaffold protein IQGAP1 shows elevated levels in a variety of cancer ***,we investigated whether or not IQGAP1 is also overexpressed in pancreatic ***:IQGAP1 expression was examined in pancreatic cancer and normal tissues adjacent to cancerous tissues(adjacent tissues)by Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR as well as in paraffin sections of tissue microarray by *** correlations between IQGAP1 expression and various clinicopathological characteristics were ***:Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR revealed that the levels of IQGAP1 protein and mRNA expression in pancreatic cancer tissues were significantly increased compared with adjacent *** analysis on tissue microarray showed that IQGAP1 protein expression was significantly higher in pancreatic cancer(80.0%,48/60)compared with adjacent tissues(18.3%,11/60)(P<0.001).Moreover,overexpression of IQGAP1 was shown to be associated with the grades of tumor differentiation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The overexpression of IQGAP1 may play an important role in pancreatic cancer occurrence and progression,and IQGAP1 may serve as a novel molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

关键词： fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)   FRAP   hydroxyurea (HU)   ionizing radiation (IR)   IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1)   IQGAP1   neural-Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASp)   Nuclear actin   Nuclear transport   Rac1   Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)   region of interest (ROI)   ultraviolet (UV)  

摘要： Abstract: Actin, a constituent of the cytoskeleton, is now recognized to function in the nucleus in gene transcription, chromatin remodeling and DNA replication/repair. Actin shuttles in and out of the nucleus through the action of transport receptors importin-9 and exportin-6. Here we have addressed the impact of cell cycle progression and DNA replication stress on actin nuclear localization, through study of actin dynamics in living cells. First, we showed that thymidine-induced G1/S phase cell cycle arrest increased the nuclear levels of actin and of two factors that stimulate actin polymerization: IQGAP1 and Rac1 GTPase. When cells were exposed to hydroxyurea to induce DNA replication stress, the nuclear localization of actin and its regulators was further enhanced. We employed live cell photobleaching assays and discovered that in response to DNA replication stress, GFP-actin nuclear import and export rates increased by up to 250%. The rate of import was twice as fast as export, accounting for actin nuclear accumulation. The faster shuttling dynamics correlated with reduced cellular retention of actin, and our data implicate actin polymerization in the stress-dependent uptake of nuclear actin. Furthermore, DNA replication stress induced a nuclear shift in IQGAP1 and Rac1 with enhanced import dynamics. Proximity ligation assays revealed that IQGAP1 associates in the nucleus with actin and Rac1, and formation of these complexes increased after hydroxyurea treatment. We propose that the replication stress checkpoint triggers co-ordinated nuclear entry and trafficking of actin, and of factors that regulate actin polymerization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

关键词： Nuclear actin   IQGAP1   Rac1   Nuclear transport   FRAP  

摘要： Actin, a constituent of the cytoskeleton, is now recognized to function in the nucleus in gene transcription, chromatin remodeling and DNA replication/repair. Actin shuttles in and out of the nucleus through the action of transport receptors importin-9 and exportin-6. Here we have addressed the impact of cell cycle progression and DNA replication stress on actin nuclear localization, through study of actin dynamics in living cells. First, we showed that thymidine-induced G1/S phase cell cycle arrest increased the nuclear levels of actin and of two factors that stimulate actin polymerization: IQGAP1 and Rac1 GTPase. When cells were exposed to hydroxyurea to induce DNA replication stress, the nuclear localization of actin and its regulators was further enhanced. We employed live cell photobleaching assays and discovered that in response to DNA replication stress, GFP-actin nuclear import and export rates increased by up to 250%. The rate of import was twice as fast as export, accounting for actin nuclear accumulation. The faster shuttling dynamics correlated with reduced cellular retention of actin, and our data implicate actin polymerization in the stress-dependent uptake of nuclear actin. Furthermore, DNA replication stress induced a nuclear shift in IQGAP1 and Racl with enhanced import dynamics. Proximity ligation assays revealed that IQGAP1 associates in the nucleus with actin and Rac1, and formation of these complexes increased after hydroxyurea treatment. We propose that the replication stress checkpoint triggers co-ordinated nuclear entry and trafficking of actin, and of factors that regulate actin polymerization. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： IQGAP1   Temporal lobe epilepsy   Hippocampus   Epileptogenesis   Reorganization  

摘要： Repeated seizures induce permanent alterations in the hippocampal circuits in experimental models with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Sprouting and synaptic reorganization induced by seizures has been well-studied in the mossy fiber pathway. However, studies investigating sprouting and synaptic reorganization beyond the mossy fiber pathway are limited. The present study examined the biochemical changes of CA1 pyramidal neurons undergoing morphological changes after excitotoxicity-induced hippocampal CA3 neuronal death. IQ-domain GTPase-activating proteins (IQGAP1), is an effector of Rac1 and Cdc42 and an actin-binding protein, was upregulated in CA1 pyramidal neurons after kainic acid-induced hippocampal CA3 neuronal degeneration. IQGAP1 + cells were colocalized with Nestin, but not in astrocytes or mature neurons. Furthermore, IQGAP1 did not originate from newly divided local precursors or NG2 + cells. IQGAP1 and adenomatous polyposis coli localized in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and Cdc42 activation was followed by IQGAP1 recruitment. These findings suggest that IQGAP1 is upregulated in pre-existed sparing neurons of the CA1 layer undergoing morphological changes after excitoxicity-induced hippocampal CA3 neuronal death. It demonstrates the utility of IQGAP1 as a possible marker for spared pyramidal neurons, which may contribute to structural and functional alternations responsible for the development of epilepsy.

关键词： FIBRONECTINS   INTEGRINS   PROTEIN-tyrosine kinase   PROTEIN kinase B   CYTOSKELETON   CELL migration  

摘要： Inhibition of alpha v beta 3 or expression of mutant p53 promotes invasion into fibronectin (FN)-containing extracellular matrix (ECM) by enhancing Rob-coupling protein (RCP)-dependent recycling of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. RCP and alpha 5 beta 1 cooperatively recruit receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR1, to regulate their trafficking and downstream signaling via protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, which, in turn, promotes invasive migration. In this paper, we identify a novel PKB/Akt substrate, RacGAP1, which is phosphorylated as a consequence of RCP-dependent alpha 5 beta 1 trafficking. Phosphorylation of RacGAP1 promotes its recruitment to IQGAP1 at the tips of invasive pseudopods, and RacGAP1 then locally suppresses the activity of the cytoskeletal regulator Rac and promotes the activity of RhoA in this subcellular region. This Rac to RhoA switch promotes the extension of pseudopodial processes and invasive migration into FN-containing matrices, in a RhoA-dependent manner. Thus, the localized endocytic trafficking of alpha 5 beta 1 within the tips of invasive pseudopods elicits signals that promote the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, protrusion, and invasion into FN-rich ECM.

关键词： FLNa   IQGAP1   Integrin   Migration   Rac1   RacGAP1  

摘要： Cell migration makes a fundamental contribution to both normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. Integrin engagement with extracellular ligands spatially controls, via the cyclical activation and deactivation of the small GTPase Rac1, the dynamic membrane protrusion and cytoskeletal reorganization events that are required for directional migration. Although the pathways that control integrin-mediated Rac1 activation are reasonably well defined, the mechanisms that are responsible for switching off activity are poorly understood. Here, proteomic analysis of activated integrin-associated complexes suggests filamin-A and IQ-motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as candidates that link beta 1 integrin to Rac1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of either filamin-A or IQGAP1 induced high, dysregulated Rac1 activity during cell spreading on fibronectin. Using immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, filamin-A and IQGAP1 were shown to be part of a complex that is recruited to active beta 1 integrin. Mass spectrometric analysis of individual filamin-A, IQGAP1 and Rac1 pull-downs and biochemical analysis, identified RacGAP1 as a novel IQGAP1 binding partner. Further immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry analyses demonstrated that RacGAP1 is recruited to IQGAP1 and active beta 1 integrin, and that suppression of RacGAP1 expression triggered elevated Rac1 activity during spreading on fibronectin. Consistent with these findings, reduced expression of filamin-A, IQGAP1 or RacGAP1 triggered unconstrained membrane protrusion and disrupted directional cell migration on fibrillar extracellular matrices. These findings suggest a model whereby integrin engagement, followed by filamin-A, IQGAP1 and RacGAP1 recruitment, deactivates Rac1 to constrain its activity spatially and thereby coordinate directional cell migration.

关键词： 含IQ模序的GTP酶活化蛋白1   肿瘤细胞   增殖  

摘要： 目的探讨含IQ模序的GTP酶活化蛋白1(IQGAP1)对肺癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌细胞增殖的影响。方法转染编码IQGAP1和IQGAP1-C末端的腺病毒载体并检测细胞中IQGAP1和IQGAP1-C的表达水平;转染靶向IQGAP1的小干扰RNA(siRNA),检测内源性IQGAP1的表达水平;用MTT和BrdU掺入法检测IQGAP1对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响;用western blot检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和细胞周期素E的表达。结果转染腺病毒Ad-IQGAP1或Ad-IQGAP1-C使A549、MCF7和SW480细胞高表达IQGAP1或IQGAP1-C,其增殖能力较Ad-LacZ组均提高(t分别为19.418和25.643、29.283和16.261、23.138和56.739,P均<0.05);A549细胞转染Ad-IQGAP1-C组的促增殖效果明显优于Ad-IQGAP1组(t=25.643,P<0.05);用siRNA沉默内源性IQGAP1的表达后,与对照siRNA组相比,A549、MCF-7和SW480细胞增殖活性受到显著抑制(t分别为18.324、18.931、19.609,P均<0.05)。BrdU掺入法结果显示,增加IQGAP1和IQGAP1-C表达均可明显提高A549、MCF7和SW480的细胞DNA合成率(t分别为14.224和12.079、13.035和15.677、11.291和16.675,P均<0.05),在MCF7和SW480细胞中IQGAP1-C组促DNA合成效果明显优于IQGAP1组(t分别为15.677、16.675,P均<0.05);抑制IQGAP1的表达可显著降低DNA的合成(t分别为8.043、11.381、5.966,P均<0.05);western blot结果显示,在高表达IQGAP1或IQGAP1-C的A549、MCF7和SW480细胞中,PCNA和细胞周期素E表达明显增加(t PCNA分别为6.541和7.460、17.769和13.048、10.261和6.544,P均<0.05;t细胞周期素E分别为17.243和12.258、10.109和14.216、12.011和12.058,P均<0.05);而干扰IQGAP1表达的细胞,与对照siRNA组比较,两者的表达明显降低(t分别为4.475和6.058,7.476和8.404,12.559和14.792,P均<0.05)。结论IQGAP1和IQGAP1-C促进肺癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌细胞增殖,且IQGAP1可能主要通过C末端影响细胞增殖。

关键词： platelet-derived growth factor   IQGAP1   migration   vascular injury   vascular smooth muscle cell  

摘要： Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and neointimal formation in response to injury. We previously identified IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as a novel VEGF receptor 2 binding scaffold protein involved in endothelial migration. However, its role in VSMC migration and neointimal formation in vivo is unknown. Here we show that PDGF stimulation rapidly promotes IQGAP1 association with PDGF receptor-beta (PDGFR) as well as IQGAP1 tyrosine phosphorylation in cultured VSMC. Overexpression or knockdown of IQGAP1 enhances or inhibits PDGFR autophosphorylation (p-PDGFR), respectively. Immunofluorescence and cell fractionation analysis reveals that PDGF-induced p-PDGFR localized in focal adhesions (FAs), but not caveolae/lipid rafts, is inhibited by IQGAP1 knockdown with siRNA. PDGF stimulation promotes IQGAP1 association with PDGFR/FA signaling protein complex. Functionally, IQGAP1 siRNA inhibits PDGF-induced FA formation as well as VSMC migration induced by PDGF. In vivo, IQGAP1 expression is markedly increased at neointimal VSMC in wire-injured femoral arteries. Mice lacking IQGAP1 exhibit impaired neointimal formation in response to vascular injury. In summary, IQGAP1, through interaction with PDGFR and FA signaling proteins, promotes activation of PDGFR in FAs as well as FA formation, which may contribute to VSMC migration and neointimal formation after injury. Our findings provide insight into IQGAP1 as a potential therapeutic target for vascular migration-related diseases.

关键词： VASCULAR smooth muscle   DISEASES   WOUNDS & injuries   FOCAL adhesions   PLATELET-derived growth factor receptors   PERIPHERAL vascular diseases  

摘要： The article reflects on a Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1) that plays an important role in regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC) migration. It reports that VSMC facilitates by direct interaction between the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and focal adhesion (FA) proteins in humans. It mentions that PDGF is an acknowledged potent proliferative and pro-migratory stimuli for VSMCs and PDGF concentrations are increased in vascular injury.