关键词： 进城农民工   自我雇佣   市场回报   功能定位  

摘要： 自我雇佣已经成为当前我国城镇劳动力市场上广泛存在但又被长期忽视的就业现象,首次利用2014年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,对农民工自我雇佣的收入效应和福利享有状况进行经验检验。研究发现:农民工自我雇佣的收入效应显著为正,自雇活动为农民工带来了更高的经济回报,但也面临着相对更高的收入不确定性。同时,自雇活动的收入回报存在"马太效应",越是成功的自雇农民工获得的收入回报越高;自我雇佣农民工付出了更长的劳动时间,但他们的健康状况至少没有变得更坏,且他们对于当前生活状况拥有着相对较高的满意度。进一步的分析发现,自雇农民工对于社会保障等劳动福利有着较高的诉求,但现实中的他们实际享有各类社会保险的比率显著较低。本文的研究结论为我们重新审视农民工的自我雇佣行为并明确这种就业现象的功能定位提供了证据支持。

关键词： 自我雇佣   农民工   侵害市民权益   城市融合  

摘要： 农民工在城市化进程中发挥了积极作用,但在其自身与城市融合中出现诸多不和谐现象,侵害市民权益便是其中一类。以S大学家属楼二期工程为例,对建筑业部分自我雇佣型农民工侵害市民权益现象进行了剖析,为消除农民工与市民间的矛盾,更好地促进农民工城镇融合,提出破解问题的对策。

关键词： 差序式领导   自我效能感   员工沉默行为   雇佣关系氛围   组织结构有机性  

摘要： 基于社会交换理论与社会认知理论,本文以260名企业员工为研究对象,探讨了差序式领导-自我效能感-员工沉默行为的影响路径,并进一步分析了雇佣关系氛围和组织结构有机性的调节效应。研究结果表明:差序式领导对员工沉默行为(默许性沉默、防御性沉默、亲社会性沉默)具有显著负向影响;自我效能感中介了差序式领导与员工沉默行为之间的关系;雇佣关系氛围和组织结构有机性在差序式领导与自我效能感之间起正向调节作用。在此基础上提出了以下管理启示:避免"圈子"固化,保持"圈子"内外人员流动;重视员工自信感知问题,增强员工心理归属感;营造和谐的雇佣关系氛围,构建有机式的组织结构。本文为研究中国情境下差序式领导对员工沉默行为的影响提供了借鉴。

关键词： 外来人口   倾向得分匹配   自雇创业   城镇医疗保障  

摘要： 随着城市外来人口的不断增加,自雇创业成为外来人口重要的就业形式,而关于自雇与受雇两种就业形式的比较研究也越来越为重要。基于2015年全国流动人口动态监测调查广州数据,本文采用倾向得分匹配中的卡尺匹配,在消除自雇者样本选择性偏差问题的基础上,比较研究了外来人口受雇就业与自雇创业者间的城镇医疗保障差异。结果表明,在其他条件相同的情况下,外来人口自雇创业者在城镇医疗保障参与度方面明显低于受雇者,自雇就业形式对于外来人口的城镇医疗保障具有负向效应。

关键词： 自主创业   宣言   医师   诚信医疗   开业医生   尊重生命   求治  

摘要： 我们是离开体制后自主创业的开业医生,在我的诊所中我谨记：仁爱：心怀仁慈,与人为善,为求治者提供力所能及的关怀和服务;厚德：尊重生命、坚守原则,不诋毁同行、不欺诈患者,自律行医;诚信：不论身份高低、贫富、贵贱一视同仁、诚信医疗,与求治者分享健康快乐;博学：不断进取、跟踪国际前沿,用所学回报社会。

关键词： 医疗保险   参保决策   理性选择   制度分割   自雇者  

摘要： 我国在制度层面已建成多层次、全覆盖的医疗保险体系。然而,随着互联网经济的不断发展,自雇群体的分化与发展导致其医疗保险的参保决策区别于普通民众。研究发现,自雇者参保形式多样,但未享有任何形式医疗保险的比例不在少数。过去两周是否生病、收入水平和主观阶层地位对自雇者参保决策有显著的影响。相比之下,医疗保险制度分割性的影响效应更强。值得注意的是,非体力自雇者的参保决策更多遵循理性选择的逻辑,制度因素则是制约体力自雇者行为选择的重要因素。因此,以底线公平为基础,辅以效率原则,优化整合基本医疗保险制度是政策变革的发展方向。

关键词： youth vocational identity   caring and engaging adults   self-efficacy   goal capacity   mediation  

摘要： This study examines the role played by access to caring and engaging adults, career search self-efficacy (CSSE), and goal capacity in the development of youth vocational identity. The study used a bootstrapping approach to analyze data, collected from a survey of 1,579 youths enrolled in 14 U.S. high schools, to test a hypothesized serial multiple mediation model. Results indicate both direct and multiple indirect pathways from adults influences to the youth vocational identity. Two specific pathways of influence were found through CSSE and goal capacity respectively. Additionally, a serial multiple mediation effect was found whereby CSSE and goal capacity collectively mediated the relationship. This indicates that greater access to caring and engaging adults contributes to higher CSSE, which accounts for a higher level of goal capacity, and eventually leads to the better vocational identity in youth. These findings establish notable implications for practices that are discussed in closing.

关键词： content and thematic analysis   HIV prevention   HIV provider practice   qualitative descriptive design  

摘要： In the context of HIV prevention, the provider-patient relationship has been found to profoundly impact HIV screening, patient initiation into HIV care, and adherence to medication following an HIV diagnosis. Given the importance of the provider-patient relationship, insight into provider approaches to cultivate such relationships is essential. Such insight could highlight considerations for provider engagement with patients that can address the current challenges in HIV prevention and treatment. This qualitative descriptive study sought to describe current health providers' approaches to engage patients into the HIV care continuum (HCC). Findings from the content and thematic analysis indicated that health providers (N=22) used various approaches to engage patients/clients into HIV screening, and subsequent HIV care. Approaches were represented by an interpersonal process and a thematic analysis revealed the nuances in the approaches that manifested in the following themes: uses of self, normalizing disease, and engaging couples. This study demonstrated the importance for health providers to be aware of the specific context of patient's vulnerability to HIV infection and barriers to care. Self-awareness and the capability to self-reflect on one's personal practice also helped to ensure engagement of those vulnerable to infection or infected with HIV into the HCC.

关键词： men   chronic disease   retention   health promotion   evidence-based programs  

摘要： Females are more likely than males to participate in evidence-based health promotion and disease prevention programs targeted for middle-aged and older adults. Despite the availability and benefits of Stanford's Chronic Disease Self-Management Education (CDSME) programs, male participation remains low. This study identifies personal characteristics of males who attended CDSME program workshops and identifies factors associated with successful intervention completion. Data were analyzed from 45,375 male CDSME program participants nationwide. Logistic regression was performed to examine factors associated with workshop attendance. Males who were aged 65-79 (OR = 1.27, p < .001), Hispanic (OR = 1.22, p < .001), African American (OR = 1.13, p < .001), Asian/Pacific Islander (OR = 1.26, p < .001), Native Hawaiian (OR = 3.14, p < .001), and residing in nonmetro areas (OR = 1.26, p < .001) were more likely to complete the intervention. Participants with 3+ chronic conditions were less likely to complete the intervention (OR = 0.87, p < .001). Compared to health-care organization participants, participants who attended workshops at senior centers (OR = 1.38, p < .001), community/multipurpose facilities (OR = 1.21, p < .001), and faith-based organizations (OR = 1.37, p < .001) were more likely to complete the intervention. Men who participated in workshops with more men were more likely to complete the intervention (OR = 2.14, p < .001). Once enrolled, a large proportion of males obtained an adequate intervention dose. Findings highlight potential strategies to retain men in CDSME programs, which include diversifying workshop locations, incorporating Session Zero before CDSME workshops, and using alternative delivery modalities (e.g., online).