关键词： AGRICULTURE   SUSTAINABLE development   PLANT nutrients   VEGETATION & climate   PLANT adaptation   CHINA  

关键词： 农业水利投资   水利资源   耕地利用   技术效率   随机前沿函数  

摘要： 本文基于1999—2012年省级面板数据,通过引入农业水利投资的代理变量,运用随机前沿模型分析农业水利投资对我国耕地产出效率、农业生产增长的影响。结果表明,农业水利投资对降低我国各地区耕地产出效率损失具有显著作用,而耕地产出效率损失的变化差异也能够被气候变化导致的水利灾害所解释。加大农业水利投资力度,改善投资结构,可以缓解农业技术的效率损失。政府应加大对耕地利用效率较低省份的水利基础设施投资,充分配置,合理运用水利资源,保障我国农业的可持续发展。

关键词： 气候变化   低碳农业   法律保障  

摘要： 日益加剧的气候变化对江苏省可持续发展的负面影响显著,迫切需要大力推进低碳农业建设,进一步修订农业领域应对气候变化的法律法规。尤其是通过完善土地资源保护、农药使用、林业与水资源保护等方面的地方性立法构建确保本区域低碳农业有序发展的法律保障机制。

关键词： 农业气象灾害   病虫害   气候变化  

摘要： 气候变化是不可控因素,其对我国农业气象灾害及病虫害都有着十分重要的影响,而且都是利弊共存的,如何有效的做好预防工作,需要对这些影响有深刻的认识。文章就天气变化对我国农业气象灾害以及对病虫害的影响所详细描述。

关键词： 气候变化   适应   减缓   科技发展   技术  

摘要： 分析安徽省农业领域应对气候变化的形势,提出安徽省农业领域应对气候变化科技发展的战略定位、发展目标和重点任务。构建安徽省农业应对气候变化关键技术框架,包括粮食丰产栽培技术、抗逆品种选育、节水技术、农业物联网、农业面源污染防治、农业防灾减灾、农业农村节能等。最后提出发展应对气候变化农业关键技术的实现途径。研究结论将为安徽省"十三五"农业科技发展相关规划的制定提供参考依据。

关键词： 全球气候变化   农业问题   粮食安全   安全委员会   FAO   联合国   协议   国力  

摘要： FAO总干事在罗马举行的世界粮食安全委员会（简称粮安委）会外活动上发出呼吁,各国应致力于确保就应对气候变化签署协议,并将粮食安全和农业作为相关讨论的主题,否则,在抗击全球饥饿方面取得的进展将会消失殆尽.FAO敦促各国力争在2015年12月的巴黎联合国气候变化大会（COP21）之前就如何应对气候变化达成协议.

关键词： Policies   Mitigation   Climate change   Climate   Adaptation   Agriculture   Public policy and climate   World Wide Web   Topography   Adaptability   Reviews   Landscape   Environmental policy   Forestry   Climates  

摘要： Although many activities can jointly contribute to the climate change strategies of adaptation and mitigation, climate policies have generally treated these strategies separately. In recent years, there has been a growing interest shown by practitioners in agriculture, forestry, and landscape management in the links between the two strategies. This review explores the opportunities and trade-offs when managing landscapes for both climate change mitigation and adaptation;different conceptualizations of the links between adaptation and mitigation are highlighted. Under a first conceptualization of joint outcomes,' several reviewed studies analyze how activities without climatic objectives deliver joint adaptation and mitigation outcomes. In a second conceptualization of unintended side effects,' the focus is on how activities aimed at only one climate objectiveeither adaptation or mitigationcan deliver outcomes for the other objective. A third conceptualization of joint objectives' highlights that associating both adaptation and mitigation objectives in a climate-related activity can influence its outcomes because of multiple possible interactions. The review reveals a diversity of reasons for mainstreaming adaptation and mitigation separately or jointly in landscape management. The three broad conceptualizations of the links between adaptation and mitigation suggest different implications for climate policy mainstreaming and integration. (C) 2015 The Authors. WIREs Climate Change published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： agricultural irrigation   water resources management   climate change   farm economics   water supply   water management model  

摘要： The impact of climate change and increased irrigation area on future hydrologic and agro-economic conditions was analysed for a representative basin in northeastern Germany using an expanded version of the WBalMO (water balance model) for water management. The model expansion represents various temporally and spatially differentiated irrigation water use processes, including agricultural irrigation, as part of a river basin's water management. We show that climate changes lead to increased irrigation water demands in the future, which will not always be able to be met. The resulting water deficits were shown for different crops depending on their irrigation priority and the water available. With an increased irrigation area, water deficits will rise. This may limit the profitability of agricultural irrigation. The impacts of climate change on low-flow conditions in the river are much higher than those of the increase in irrigated area alone. Therefore, any additional increases of irrigation will require careful monitoring of water availability to avoid critical impacts on river flows. The expanded model was able to replicate the processes of agricultural irrigation water use and can thus be used to test the impact of policies such as the certification of new irrigation permits.

关键词： Climate change   Exchangeability method   Subjective risk perceptions  

摘要： Using the exchangeability method, we elicit Italian farmers' short- and long-run perceptions of agricultural risks related to climate change. We consider four sources of crop loss risk: powdery mildew and hail for grape growers and apple dieback and hail for apple farmers. We find that perceived crop loss risks tend to be greater in the long run than in the short run. Controlling for a variety of factors (past experiences with crop losses, farming experience, numeracy, interactions with other producers, and farm characteristics), we identify climate change beliefs as a critical factor explaining the short- vs. long-run difference in risk perceptions: those who believe in climate change project larger future crop losses. Additionally, prior direct experience with crop losses helps explain why certain farmers perceive greater risk. Our results suggest that outreach services should offer field days providing first-hand exposure to crop losses and adopt a segmented approach that considers farmers' climate change beliefs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change   Grasslands   Modeling platform   Vulnerability assessment  

摘要： Numerous climate futures are now available from global climate models. Translation of climate data such as precipitation and temperatures into ecologically meaningful outputs for managers and planners is the next frontier. We describe a model-based open platform to assess vulnerabilities of agricultural systems to climate change on pixel-wise data. The platform includes a simulation modeling engine and is suited to work with NetCDF format of input and output files. In a case study covering a region (Auvergne) in the Massif Central of France, the platform is configured to characterize climate (occurrence of arid conditions in historical and projected climate records), soils and human management, and is then used to assess the vulnerability to climate change of grassland productivity (downscaled to a fine scale). We demonstrate how using climate time series, and process-based simulations vulnerabilities can be defined at fine spatial scales relevant to farmers and land managers, and can be incorporated into management frameworks. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.