关键词：
Emissions
Agriculture
Climate change
Greenhouse effect
摘要：
[...]agriculture is also among the sectors that will suffer the largest negative impacts of climate change, for which, consequently, huge adaptation efforts are needed.5 In its 5th Assessment Report, the IPCC finds that for the major crops in tropical and temperate regions (wheat, rice and maize), climate change without adaptation will negatively impact production with local temperature increases of 2°C or more.6 In fact, the IPCC finds that climate trends have already negatively affected wheat and maize production for many regions,7 which has led some to comment that even the Agreement’s goal of 1,5°C will be insufficient to stop productivity loss in agriculture.8 Negative yield impacts for all crops past 3°C of localwarmingwithout adaptation are to be expected, even with benefits of higher CO2 and rainfall (both positively affecting plant growth).9 There is high confidence that irrigation demand will increase significantly inmany areas (bymore than 40%across Europe, USA, and parts of Asia).10 A wide range of adaptation measures is considered necessary. According to the IPCC effective adaptation of cropping could be critical in enhancing food security and sustainable livelihoods, especially in developing countries. 11 Adaptation of cropping includes altering cultivation and sowing times, crop cultivars and species, and marketing arrangements.12 When focusing on water availability, switching to more appropriate crop varieties (drought-resistant, salt-resistant, low water demand), improved irrigation efficiency, reduced demand for irrigation water, and reusing wastewater to irrigate crops are important adaptation measures.13 Third, we live in a world that is increasingly foodinsecure.
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