关键词： Climate change   Cattle   Agriculture   Food pollution   Environment   Natural resources  

摘要： In Nigeria, there have been clashes between herdsmen and crop farmers. While a lot of people have adjudged it to be solely a religious and political affair, the reality on the ground that cannot be ignored is the fact that the fight for limited resources has led to this conflict. Countless lives, properties and source of livelihoods have been lost because of the competition for limited natural resources. A cow on average contributes between 70 and 120 kg of methane per year, and Nigeria has 20 million of them. Calling for a boycott of beef and increasing prices of beef and beef-based commodities in this part of the world, because of its contribution to climate change is unrealistic as Nigerians still struggle to meet their dietary protein requirement. It is of paramount importance that the focus of the government and all concerned stakeholders shift from just ending the conflicts in addressing the root cause and putting sustainable structures in place for a lasting solution guaranteeing food security. This paper aims to establish the need for concerted efforts towards addressing climate change in the face of geometrically increasing populations and rapidly decreasing finite resources which have induced conflict between farmers and herdsmen over limited and scarce resources. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 气候变化问题   合作意向   德国联邦   默克尔   贡献者  

摘要： 近年来,气候变化问题已经成为国际广泛关注的热点,中德双方都非常重视气候变化问题。2018年12月、2019年6月,习近平总书记与德国总理默克尔会晤的时候,提出中德双方应该加强气候变化的合作,农业是气候变化受害领域,也是气候变化的贡献者。我国农业农村部与德国联邦食品与农业部,2019年6月签署了气候与农业合作意向联合宣言,共同支持农业领域减缓与适应气候变化的项目。

关键词： 气候变化   农业生产   影响   特点  

摘要： 根据对二二二团近10年气象资料的统计分析,主要对本地区气温、降水、灾害性天气等年、季节变化情况进行了统计、分析,结合本地区农业生产情况,总结出二二二团的气候变化特点及主要农业气象灾害,分析了气候变化对农业生产的影响。

关键词： Global warming   Groundwater resources   CO2   Deficit irrigation   Crop yield  

摘要： The present study evaluated the potential impacts of climate change of Hamadan-Bahar plain on dimensions including economical, physiological, hydrological and meteorological aspects. The results showed that climate change in the region has negative impacts on the agricultural sector by reducing the crop yield as well as groundwater balance. In the most optimistic scenario on the horizon of 2090, rainfall and groundwater levels would reduce by 14.4 and 12.3 %, respectively and the average temperature would rise by 14.7 %. Accordingly, the economic value of water would increase by 44 % and the agricultural value-added (net income) would fall by 19 %, indicating the intensification of water shortage crisis and agricultural recession. Also, the results of this study show that optimal deficit irrigation strategy in the production of water intensive crops as well as improving irrigation technologies would be potential solutions to the climate change crisis in the coming years. However, the common pool nature of groundwater resources in addition to capital inadequacy are the challenges faced when adopting these two approaches by farmers.

关键词： Climate change   crop yield   production function   large panel data models   C23   C54   D24   Q15   Q51   Q54   Q55  

摘要： We study potential impacts of future climate change on U.S. agricultural productivity using county-level yield and weather data from 1950 to 2015. To account for adaptation of production to different weather conditions, it is crucial to allow for both spatial and temporal variation in the production process mapping weather to crop yields. We present a new panel data estimation technique, called mean observation OLS (MO-OLS) that allows for spatial and temporal heterogeneity in all regression parameters (intercepts and slopes). Both forms of heterogeneity are important: We find strong evidence that production function parameters adapt to local climate, and also that sensitivity of yield to high temperature declined from 1950-89. We use our estimates to project corn yields to 2100 using 19 climate models and three greenhouse gas emission scenarios. We predict unmitigated climate change will greatly reduce yield. Our mean prediction (over climate models) is that adaptation alone can mitigate 36% of the damage, while emissions reductions consistent with the Paris targets would mitigate 76%.

关键词： Climate change   Distributional effects   Agriculture   Quantile regression   Census data   Brazil  

摘要： The economic impact of global warming likely varies across farms because of differences in climate, technology, and adaptive capacity. Therefore, aggregate estimates of the average effect of warming may be insufficient to model climate change vulnerability. In this study, I propose a quantile model for the distributional effect of climate change. I estimate inter-quantile regressions of land value on climate using agricultural census data for 464,277 commercial farms in Brazil. I find that the effects of climate change in Brazilian agriculture vary significantly by climate, land quality, and irrigation choice. A 1 degrees C of warming is more detrimental to farms in warm climates, those with high-quality land, and those using irrigation. A 10 0-mm decrease in annual precipitation is more damaging to farms in dry climates, those with low-quality land, and those using irrigation. The heterogeneity in climate change effects is particularly large within the subset of farms in the warmest or the driest climates, as the most vulnerable farms appear to be those that have reached their limits for climate adaptation. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptation   Agriculture   Climate change   Crop yields   Heterogeneity   Quantile regression  

摘要： Existing studies on climate change effects on crop yields mainly focus on the average climate-yield relationship that is typically assumed to be time-invariant. We apply a flexi-ble panel-data quantile regression with time-varying coefficients to examine distributional heterogeneity and temporal variation in this relationship. We find that U.S. corn and soybean yields have gradually become less sensitive to temperature and precipitation over 1948-2010, which is especially the case for upper yield quantiles. Consequently, the negative impacts of future climate change are of larger magnitudes at the lower yield quantiles. Failure to accommodate temporal changes in the climate-yield relationship leads to significantly overestimated responsiveness of crop yields to weather variation and, therefore, overestimated negative impacts of future climate change. On many occasions, the corn yield decline projections from such time-invariant specifications are about twice as large as (and sometimes triple) the predictions from our time-varying-coefficient model. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

摘要： Improvement of planting season and crop growth time, considering climatic and soil needs of plants, is important to increase cassava (Manihot esculenta) production in Midwestern Brazil. Thus, we sought to develop an agricultural zoning for cassava cultivation in the Midwest of Brazil in different climate change scenarios. Mean air temperature and precipitation data from localities of the Midwest of Brazil were obtained from the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). Clay (%) data from localities of the Midwest of Brazil were obtained from SoilGrids. Regions where the air temperature was within the range from 20 to 27 degrees C were considered climatically favorable for commercial exploitation of cassava, in addition to precipitation between 1000 and 1500 mm year(-1), and clay content was less than <= 35%. Moreover, regions with air temperature below 16 degrees C and above 38 degrees C, precipitation below 1000 mm and above 1500 mm year(-1), and clay content > 35% were considered unsuitable for cassava cultivation. Raster or matrix images, corresponding to mean annual air temperature, annual precipitation, and clay (soil), were superimposed to create cassava suitability classes, according to crop requirements. The climate change scenarios were established by changing the air temperature (degrees C) and rainfall (mm). The air temperature was increased by 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 degrees C as adopted by Pirttioja et al. (Clim Res 65:87-105, 2015). We changed in precipitation - 30, - 15, + 15, and 30% according to the future projections simulated by the IPCC (2014). Maps were made using geographic information systems. In the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, and Goias, mean precipitation was around 1200 to 4000 mm year(-1). Northern Mato Grosso showed the highest annual precipitation, with values above 3500 mm. A large extension of the Midwest region of Brazil is climatically and soil favorable for cassava. The Midwest is a region with high rainfall

关键词： GLOBIOM-Brazil   Land-use competition   Change in production   Soybean   Corn   Sugar cane  

摘要： Brazilian agricultural production provides a significant fraction of the food consumed globally, with the country among the top exporters of soybeans, sugar, and beef. However, current advances in Brazilian agriculture can be directly impacted by climate change and resulting biophysical effects. Here, we quantify these impacts until 2050 using GLOBIOM-Brazil, a global partial equilibrium model of the competition for land use between agriculture, forestry, and bioenergy that includes various refinements reflecting Brazil's specificities. For the first time, projections of future agricultural areas and production are based on future crop yields provided by two Global G ridded Crop Models (EPIC and LPJmL). The climate change forcing is included through changes in climatic variables projected by five Global Climate Models in two emission pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) participating in the ISIMIP initiative. This ensemble of twenty scenarios permits accessing the robustness of the results. When compared to the baseline scenario. GLOBIOM-Brazil scenarios suggest a decrease in soybeans and corn production, mainly in the Matopiba region in the Northern Cerrado, and southward displacement of agricultural production to near-subtropical and subtropical regions of the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest biomes. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change   Subsurface transport   Trace organics   Groundwater   Agricultural production  

摘要： Climate change will impact soil properties such as soil moisture, organic carbon and temperature and changes in these properties will influence the sorption, biodegradation and leaching of trace organic contaminants to groundwater. In this study, we conducted a modeling case study to evaluate atrazine and estrone transport in the subsurface under current and future climate conditions at a field site in central Nebraska. According to the modeling results, in the future, enhanced evapotranspiration and increased average air temperature may cause drier soil conditions, which consequently reduces the biodegradation of atrazine and estrone in the water phase. On the other hand, greater transpiration rates lead to greater root solute uptake which may decrease the concentration of atrazine and estrone in the soil profile. Another consequence of future climate is that the infiltration and leaching rates for both atrazine and estrone may be lower under future climate scenarios. Reduced infiltration of trace organic compounds may indicate that lower trace organic concentrations in groundwater may occur under future climate scenarios. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.