关键词： airborne sensor   apparent soil electrical conductivity   electrical resistivity   electromagnetic induction   proximal sensor   remote sensing   satellite sensors   soil salinity mapping   soil spatial variability  

摘要： Changes in climate patterns are dramatically influencing some agricultural areas. Arid, semi-arid and coastal agricultural areas are especially vulnerable to climate change impacts on soil salinity. Inventorying and monitoring climate change impacts on salinity are crucial to evaluate the extent of the problem, to recognize trends and to formulate irrigation and crop management strategies that will maintain the agricultural productivity of these areas. Over the past three decades, Corwin and colleagues at the U.S. Salinity Laboratory (USSL) have developed proximal sensor and remote imagery methodologies for assessing soil salinity at multiple scales. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact climate change has had on selected agricultural areas experiencing weather pattern changes, with a focus on the use of proximal and satellite sensors to assess salinity development. Evidence presented in case studies for California & apos;s San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and Minnesota & apos;s Red River Valley (RRV) demonstrates the utility of these sensor approaches in assessing soil salinity changes due to changes in weather patterns. Agricultural areas are discussed where changes in weather patterns have increased root-zone soil salinity, particularly in areas with shallow water tables (SJV and RRV), coastal areas with seawater intrusion (e.g., Bangladesh and the Gaza Strip) and water-scarce areas potentially relying on degraded groundwater as an irrigation source (SJV and Murray-Darling River Basin). Trends in salinization due to climate change indicate that the infrastructure and protocols to monitor soil salinity from field to regional to national to global scales are needed. Highlights Climate change will have a negative impact on agriculture, particularly in arid regions. Proximal/remote sensors are useful to assess climate change impact on soil salinity across scales. Salt-water intrusion, shallow water tables and degraded water reuse will increase soil salinity.

关键词： Vulnerability   Climate change   Agricultural sector   Sensitivity   Adaptive capacity  

摘要： Although climate change impacts on the agricultural sector were investigated intensively, however, vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning at the community level are still limited. This study aimed at providing a comprehensive climate change vulnerability assessment of four agriculture responses of barley production, wheat production, olive trees production, and goats' mortality at the Yarmouk River Basin in northern Jordan using a qualitative-quantitative scoring method based on actual estimations of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity with an emphasis on community engagement. Thirty-year temporal variability (1982-2012) analysis using Kendall test and Pearson correlation test for three climatic variables (maximum and minimum air temperature, and annual rainfall) indicates high significant exposure level of increasing air temperature trends by rates of 0.07 degrees C/year and 0.06 degrees C/year for maximum and minimum temperature, respectively, and insignificant annual rainfall reductions ranging spatially from 2.1 mm/year at Irbid governorate to 2.9 mm/year at Mafraq Governorate. Agriculture responses sensitivity assessment indicates goats' mortality followed by olive production are moderately correlated with climate variables (r ranges from 0.32 to 0.57). The adaptive capacity assessment highlights the presence of low to moderate financial, institutional, political enforcement, technology implementation, and awareness of the farmers to climate change impacts and potential adaptation measures that subjected the study area to be ranked as moderately to highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Multi-criteria decision analysis suggests that irrigation water-related adaptation measures are listed within top priorities. This paper addresses the qualitative-quantitative vulnerability assessment approach at the local rural level and through participatory engagements to be effective for improving the vulnerable adaptive capacities and suggesting fu

关键词： Salt-affected soil   Climate change   Soil reclamation   Environmental quality   Farmers' livelihood   Sustainability  

摘要： Soil salinity is one of the major and widespread challenges in the recent era that hinders global food security and environmental sustainability. Worsening the situation, the harmful impacts of climate change accelerate the development of soil salinity, potentially spreading the problem in the near future to currently unaffected regions. This paper aims to synthesise information from published literature about the extent, development mechanisms, and current mitigation strategies for tackling soil salinity, highlighting the opportunities and challenges under climate change situations. Mitigation approaches such as application of amendments, cultivation of tolerant genotypes, suitable irrigation, drainage and land use strategies, conservation agriculture, phytoremediation, and bioremediation techniques have successfully tackled the soil salinity issue, and offered associated benefits of soil carbon sequestration, and conservation and recycling of natural resources. These management practices further improve the socio-economic conditions of the rural farming community in salt-affected areas. We also discuss emerging reclamation strategies such as saline aquaculture integrated with sub surface drainage, tolerant microorganisms integrated with tolerant plant genotypes, integrated agro-farming systems that warrant future research attention to restore the agricultural sustainability and global food security under climate change scenarios.

关键词： 气候变化   雨养农业区   气温   降水量   时空变化  

摘要： 为了探索影响雨养农业区农业生产的关键气象要素——气温和降水的变化特征,以甘肃省雨养农业区55个气象站1971-2015年气温和降水实测资料为基础,采用线性倾向率法、空间插值及Mann-Kendall法对研究区气温和降水量的时空变化特征及突变进行了分析。结果表明:近45年来,甘肃省雨养农业区气温呈明显的上升趋势,以0.36℃·10a^-1的速率显著增暖,20世纪90年代后进入快速增温阶段,且在1996年发生突变;年降水量总体呈减少趋势,存在强烈波动变化,以-2.57 mm·10a^-1的速率缓慢下降,1988年发生突变。从空间分布来看,年均气温总体呈现出由北向南、由西向东递增的规律,气温随海拔升高而降低,而气温倾向率呈现出由北向南、由西向东递减的规律,以甘南高海拔地区增温速率最大,达0.47℃·10a^-1;研究区降水量空间变化不规律,呈现出研究区中部地区降水少,四周降水较多的空间格局,降水量随海拔升高而逐渐增大,而降水倾向率自西向东递减,陇东半干旱地区出现降水量小幅度的增加,变化速率为2.54 mm·10a^-1,气温及降水变化具有明显的空间差异性。陇东地区呈现暖湿化态势,其他区域整体朝着暖干化方向发展。

关键词： 气候特征   农业生产   广西凌云县  

摘要： 选取广西壮族自治区百色市凌云县国家气象观测站1981—2019年逐月平均气温和降水量资料,利用线性倾向估计法对凌云县气候变化特征及其对农业生产的影响进行分析。结果表明:1981—2019年凌云县年平均气温、四季平均气温均呈现出增加的趋势,但气候倾向率有一定的差异;凌云县年降水量、四季降水量均呈现出增加的趋势,以年、春季和夏季降水量增加趋势最为显著,其中春季和夏季对年降水量呈增加趋势贡献最大;气候变化会加剧农作物病虫害、气温增加则会导致农作物减产和引发干旱灾害,不利于优质高产农作物的形成。

关键词： 气候变化   农业气象灾害   病虫害   影响   应对措施  

摘要： 气候变暖是全球性问题,对农业生产影响巨大。中国是传统的农业大国,气候变化会加剧农业气象灾害和病虫害,影响农产品的产量与质量。该文分析了气候变化对农业气象灾害和病虫害的影响,并提出完善预警机制、创新病虫害防治技术、完善排水系统、提升大棚种植水平等应对措施,以期降低气候变化对农业生产造成的负面影响,保证农业稳定发展。

关键词： adaptation   agriculture   air temperature   climate change   precipitation   water resource  

摘要： In recent years, climate change in Central Asia, especially in Uzbekistan, has resulted in sharp alternation of dry and wet years. In such conditions, agriculture has turned into the most vulnerable sector. Agricultural producers have not been able to adapt to such variations of climatic conditions. Traditional irrigation approaches and agronomic operations are becoming unacceptable against the background of severe droughts or heavy rains. Moreover, intra-annual distribution of precipitation and air temperature has changed. Especially in agriculture, increased rainfall in spring and summer and decreased rainfall in autumn and winter has had a negative impact. In 2013, the Global Water Partnership initiated the Water, Climate, and Development Programme for Caucasus and Central Asia. In the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan, a project was implemented to study the possibility of agriculture adaptation to climate change within the framework of this programme. This article presents an analysis of long-term data received from 1960 to 2014 on air temperature and precipitation. As a result of these studies, it has been determined that we can forecast the current year's weather conditions if we find a similar year in recent years. For the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan, it has been established that we have a stable spring, when winter is cold with heavy precipitation, and we have a cold spring and summer with high precipitation, when we have a warm winter with low precipitation. Past experience has shown that the use of water for irrigation, taking into account climatic conditions, has a significant impact on reducing irrigation water and increasing crop yields. (c) 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Adaptation strategy   Agricultural technology   Crop type   Management practice  

摘要： Few efforts have been reported about climate change effects on agriculture production from smallholder farmers' conditions. The objective of this study was to assess smallholder farmers' understanding on the effects of climate change on agriculture production in Dura catchment, northern Ethiopia. Data were collected using group discussions and semi-structured interview of 79 sample household heads from the study catchment. Data were subjected to descriptive, Chi square and t test. The majority of the respondents reported that variability in management practices and farm and institutional attributes influenced significantly farmers understanding of the effects of climate change on agricultural production. A significantly higher proportion of farmers (98%) identified food and feed shortage as the major indicators of the effects of climate change on production. Significantly higher proportions of farmers reported that there are crop types towards disappearing from farmers fields (e.g., barley, sorghum) and livestock (e.g., horse), reduced in area coverage (e.g., lentil, faba bean), expanded in area coverage (e.g., tef, maize, chick pea, cauliflower, tomato) in response to climatic change effects. Farmers' also classified the different crops into different sensitivity classes as 57% of the farmers reported that tef is not sensitive to climate change effects. A significantly higher proportion of farmers (98%) confirmed that one of the potential and serous impacts of climate change is to decrease in economics of the community. Promotion of robust adaptation strategies such as water harvesting, irrigation, stress tolerant crop varieties, in the context of climate change are thus suggested for the conditions of smallholder farmers' in northern Ethiopia.

关键词： Agriculture   Climate change   Adaptation strategy   Probit model   Northern Bangladesh  

摘要： Adaptation is an emerging issue to control the threatening consequences of climate change in the agricultural sector particularly. The present study aimed to identify the adopted strategies by the farmers and contributing factors that affected the adaptation strategies in the northern region of Bangladesh. The quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted to analyze the collected data through an authoritative purposive sampling technique and finally interpreted and discussed. The results of adaption strategies showed different variations on pesticides usage. The probit model indicated that age, education, the cultivated area in an acre, housing pattern, perception on climate change and meal per day influence the farmers to triggers an adaptive strategy. The results of the binary logit model are also consistent with the probit model findings. The multi-nominal logit model indicated that age, sex, total cultivated area, and perception of climate change have negatively influenced to adopt strategy 2 (use pesticides), while age, family size and perception of climate change have positively influenced the farmers to adopt strategy 5 (use pesticides + take financial loan). As the farmers in these regions are highly dependent on traditional farming practices, thus, this study suggests that the combinations of the farmers' indigenous knowledge with well-developed methodical adaptive measures are required to improve the socioeconomic livelihood of the farmers in the northern part of Bangladesh.