关键词： Climate change   Adaptation barriers   Productivist agriculture   Post-productivist agriculture   Multifunctional agriculture   Governance   Developing countries  

摘要： Agriculture stands as the basis of human life, and it is important to sustain affordable food provision of this support system through powerful adaptation to climate change as the worldwide effects of climatic hazards are becoming more evident. Specifically, some semiarid and arid areas of developing countries are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. To reduce vulnerability of these regions, realizing context-specific impediments of robust adaptation to climate change is necessary. Also, it is imperative to consider anticipated transformations of agricultural systems that are required to enhance resilience of agriculture in coping with climate change. Therefore, this study aims to investigate major adaptation barriers in agriculture sector of Fars province, Iran. It also attempts to identify if any transformation from productivist agricultural systems is needed. To achieve these objectives, the group analytic hierarchy process was conducted with representatives from local government, academic institutes and farmers. The results revealed that local stakeholders prioritized barriers to adaptation, differently, and they showed various levels of concern about the importance of some barriers. However, they identified the governance and policy-related issues as the most important barriers. The results also indicated that transformational adaptation of agriculture sector from productivist to multifunctional farming system is required in order to enhance its resilience under uncertain climatic conditions. Some recommendations are offered to eliminate barriers of agricultural adaptation to climate change and also facilitate transformational adaptation of agriculture, in the developing world.

关键词： Climate change   Risk perception index   Adaptation strategies   Riverine char dwellers   Agricultural adaptation  

摘要： Farmers in the riverine char islands of Bangladesh are frequently affected by climate change due to their proximity to the river and heavy reliance on agriculture for their livelihoods. The present study evaluates char dwellers? risk perceptions and agricultural adaptations to climate change. Survey data were collected from 98 households, and focus group discussions were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire from Rydas Bari char under the Gaibandha District of Bangladesh. A standardized risk perception index was created using a four point Likert scale against sixteen climatic events. In addition, a binary logit model was used to estimate the influence of socioeconomic characteristics of sample households on the decision to choose climate change adaptation strategies. Findings suggest that droughts, river erosion, and floods are the major climatic risks perceived by char dwellers. Additionally, results from a climate vulnerability index portray similar findings that char respondents are more exposed to diverse climatic hazards. The study further investigates local adaptation mechanisms in agriculture with regards to major climatic events. In response to the existing climate change risks, the char inhabitants employ several adaptation strategies in agriculture such as implementing new or alternative farming practices, changing planting times, and cultivating short-duration varieties. The llogit analysis suggests that household age, family size, annual income, farm size, farm ownership and farming experience have a significant influence on farmers? adaptation choices. Household access to education, early warning by extension agents, information on improved agricultural technologies, access to off-farm sources of income and incorporating char people during policy design can effectively enhance farmers? resilience and help reduce vulnerability.

关键词： continuous treatment   hybrid solar still   saline oily wastewater   SOWAT   sustainability   wastewaters  

摘要： Access to drinking water and sanitation are among the goals adopted by the United Nations in its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. However, in poor and low-income countries, this goal has not yet been reached. This is caused by several lacks in the technological mastery of water and wastewater treatment processes, fresh water and sanitation networks, and, finally, financial resources. Increasing the success chances to reach this goal should not happen by copying centralized water and sanitation systems used in high-income countries. Rather efforts need to be made towards energy-efficient decentralized water and wastewater treatment facilities, using simple and sustainable low-cost technologies. The present paper suggests solar wastewater treatment (SOWAT) as an easy decentralized and sustainable wastewater treatment. It combines three steps of conventional wastewater treatment (i.e., pretreatment, biological treatment, and disinfection) by using a single treatment step conducted in a single equipment: solar still. It is has been experimentally tested to treat saline, domestic, municipal, and industrial wastewaters. All obtained results have recorded significant removal of inorganic, organic, bacteriologic, and metallic pollution. For community and industrial use, a new design of a hybrid SOWAT micro-plant proposes the integration of a pretreatment stage and a smart multi-source heating system. It is decentralized because it is powered by solar energy, other renewable energies, recovered flared gas, or conventional energy. Its continuous operation during the decrease or absence of solar radiation, by night, is expected to increase its daily production from 255% to 1,500%.

关键词： System dynamics   Agriculture   Climate change adaptation   Leverage points analysis   Water management  

摘要： Context: Participatory modeling approaches provide opportunities for collective action responding to challenges of community resource limitations. In the context of climate change, challenges arise from the potential limitations of water availability and resulting conflicts within the agricultural sector. Northeast Lower Saxony is the region with the highest irrigation intensity in Germany due to the sandy soils with low water holding capacity, the cultivation of crops with high water demand, and a negative climatic water balance during the summer months. Water resources will become more limited as a consequence of climate change. Simultaneously, the irrigation demand will most likely increase due to intensified crop cultivation. Objective: Responding to these challenges, we developed a novel method to identify leverage points for effective climate change adaptation measures. We applied this method to analyze opportunities for climate change adaptation within the agricultural sector in Northeast Lower Saxony. Furthermore, we assessed the potential of stakeholders to implement adaptation measures that correspond to the identified leverage points on different time scales. Methods: Our leverage point analysis is based on a qualitative system dynamics model that was developed within a participatory modeling framework. We analyzed parameters, feedback loops, and typical system archetypes within the model. Leverage points that were related to the design and the intent of the model emerged during the iterative model building process. Subsequently, we introduced a rating system to evaluate the potential of each leverage point to be successful as a climate change adaptation measure. We provide a point-by-point analysis of the potential of key stakeholders to implement adaptation measures. Results and conclusions: The leverage points analysis was applied to the case study of Northeast Lower Saxony. It revealed that collective action is needed to cope with these challenges. De

关键词： Environment   food nutritional value   food safety   greenhouse gases   sustainable agriculture  

摘要： Climate change, with increasing temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, constitutes a severe threat to the environment and all living organisms. In particular, numerous studies suggest severe consequences for the health of crop plants, affecting both the productivity and quality of raw material destined to the food industry. Of particular concern is the reduction of proteins and essential micronutrients as iron and zinc in crops. Fighting this alarming trends is the challenge of Climate-Smart Agriculture with the double goal of reducing environmental impacts (use of pesticides, nitrogen and phosphorus leaching, soil erosion, water depletion and contamination) and improving raw material and consequently food quality. Organic farming, biofertilizers and to a lesser extent nano-carriers, improve the antioxidant properties of fruits, but the data about proteins and micronutrients are rather contradictory. On the other hand, advanced devices and Precision Agriculture allow the cultivations to be more profitable, efficient, contributing more and more to reduce pest diseases and to increase the quality of agricultural products and food safety. Thus, nowadays adoption of technologies applied to sustainable farming systems is a challenging and dynamic issue for facing negative trends due to environmental impacts and climate changes.

关键词： Global warming   Mediterranean   Drought   Land use change   Index decomposition analysis   Cropland specialization  

摘要： In recent decades, there has been growing concern regardingworsening global climate conditions for agricultural production, especially inMediterranean climate and other semi-arid areas where the scarcity of water is a major problem. The objective of the study was to estimate the long-term evolution (in Spain, over 1922-2016) of the decoupling between crop's water requirements and the green water available, and to analyze the causes of the changes. The FA0-56 methodology was followed to estimate the green water, blue water and water stress of crops, via an explicit territorial distribution, using 0.5 degrees- grid cells. We propose a new indicator called Violet Water. This indicator groups together the water stress of the rainfed croplands and the bluewater of the irrigated croplands, representing the components of this decoupling. Our results show that crops' water requirements increased by 21% and violet water by 30% over the study period. The decomposition analysis used to study the drivers of these changes suggests that increasing reference evapotranspiration, caused by global warming, was the major driver triggering the growth of crop water requirements. Meanwhile, the changes in violet water values were mainly driven by the coupling of the cropland's spatiotemporal structure and climate change. The sensitivity analysis performed showed that the increasing trends in water stress, blue water and violet water were consistent for almost all the tested scenarios, but significant differences on the scale aroused depending on the climate data used (climate normal or each year climate) and specially on the geographical and historical Kc adjustment (crop-fixed Kc versus adjusted Kc). This highlights the importance of considering simultaneously the effect of the different factors, but also the need for refining this type of adjustment in future research. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change adaptation   Low-carbon technologies (LCTs)   Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)   Rice farmers   China  

摘要： Using a sample of 1115 rice farmers, we explored climate change perceptions, adoption of agricultural low-carbon technologies (LCTs), and the determinants influencing rice farmers' climate change adaptation in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), central China. We built a theoretical framework based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and performed both binary and count estimations to explore the determinants affecting farmers' adoption of LCTs. Our results indicated that most rice farmers strongly agreed they observed shifting local weather conditions (52.74% of respondents) and irregular rainfall patterns (52.56%) within the last year. Further, over twothirds of the respondents perceived that agricultural production contributes to climate variability (26.73% strongly agreed, and 40.54% agreed with that statement). In terms of the adoption intensity of LCTs, we found that about 96% of rice farmers implemented at least one low-carbon technology. Importantly, farmers' perceptions of climate change were positively associated with climate change adaptation. Other significant predictors of climate change adaptation included gender, years of experience, access to agricultural training through extension services, exchange of technical information among farmers, and access to mobile networks and postal services. We underlined policy recommendations that may accelerate climate change adaptation in rice production and complement current agricultural low-carbon programs in China. C() 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 气候变化   农业气候资源   研究进展   农业生产  

摘要： 气候变化与农作物生长息息相关,不同地区有不同的气候特点,自动划分出了不同农作物的生长和种植范围。随着我国气象研究水平越来越高,对天气预测、自然灾害的预警也越来越精准。

关键词： 夏季气温   降水   日照变化特征   对农业的影响  

摘要： 本文利用大同市所辖8县区气象资料,分析了1981—2019年期间气温、降水、日照的变化特征及年代际变化特征,结果表明,大同市夏季气温呈升高趋势,降水和日照均呈减少趋势;同时分析了≥0.1mm降水日数和≥10mm降水日数,均呈减少趋势,说明大同市日照时数减少的原因并非降水所致。夏季总降水量和≥10mm降水日数的减少,不利于农作物生长和产量的形成,同时气温高、降水少容易诱发各种病虫害发生。

关键词： 气候变化   农业生产   影响   广东廉江  

摘要： 本文利用廉江国家气象观测站提供的1990—2019年逐月平均气温、降水量、日照时数观测资料对廉江市气候变化特征进行分析,并阐述了其对农业生产的影响。结果表明:廉江市近30年年平均温度整体呈现略微减少变化趋势,气候倾向率为-0.009℃/10 a,春、夏、秋三季平均气温均呈略微上升趋势,而冬季气温呈下降趋势;降水量整体呈现略微减少的变化趋势,降水气候倾向率为-14.994 mm/10 a,降水年际间波动起伏比较大;春季降水量呈显著增加趋势,秋、冬季降水量增加趋势不显著,夏季降水量呈现显著减少趋势;年日照时数整体上呈现增加的趋势,气候倾向率为85.445 h/10 a。廉江市气温、降水量、日照时数年际间波动起伏较大,不利于作物生长发育,还会引发灾害性天气,影响作物产量和品质的提升。