关键词： Global warming   Mediterranean   Drought   Land use change   Index decomposition analysis   Cropland specialization  

摘要： In recent decades, there has been growing concern regardingworsening global climate conditions for agricultural production, especially inMediterranean climate and other semi-arid areas where the scarcity of water is a major problem. The objective of the study was to estimate the long-term evolution (in Spain, over 1922-2016) of the decoupling between crop's water requirements and the green water available, and to analyze the causes of the changes. The FA0-56 methodology was followed to estimate the green water, blue water and water stress of crops, via an explicit territorial distribution, using 0.5 degrees- grid cells. We propose a new indicator called Violet Water. This indicator groups together the water stress of the rainfed croplands and the bluewater of the irrigated croplands, representing the components of this decoupling. Our results show that crops' water requirements increased by 21% and violet water by 30% over the study period. The decomposition analysis used to study the drivers of these changes suggests that increasing reference evapotranspiration, caused by global warming, was the major driver triggering the growth of crop water requirements. Meanwhile, the changes in violet water values were mainly driven by the coupling of the cropland's spatiotemporal structure and climate change. The sensitivity analysis performed showed that the increasing trends in water stress, blue water and violet water were consistent for almost all the tested scenarios, but significant differences on the scale aroused depending on the climate data used (climate normal or each year climate) and specially on the geographical and historical Kc adjustment (crop-fixed Kc versus adjusted Kc). This highlights the importance of considering simultaneously the effect of the different factors, but also the need for refining this type of adjustment in future research. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change adaptation   Low-carbon technologies (LCTs)   Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)   Rice farmers   China  

摘要： Using a sample of 1115 rice farmers, we explored climate change perceptions, adoption of agricultural low-carbon technologies (LCTs), and the determinants influencing rice farmers' climate change adaptation in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), central China. We built a theoretical framework based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and performed both binary and count estimations to explore the determinants affecting farmers' adoption of LCTs. Our results indicated that most rice farmers strongly agreed they observed shifting local weather conditions (52.74% of respondents) and irregular rainfall patterns (52.56%) within the last year. Further, over twothirds of the respondents perceived that agricultural production contributes to climate variability (26.73% strongly agreed, and 40.54% agreed with that statement). In terms of the adoption intensity of LCTs, we found that about 96% of rice farmers implemented at least one low-carbon technology. Importantly, farmers' perceptions of climate change were positively associated with climate change adaptation. Other significant predictors of climate change adaptation included gender, years of experience, access to agricultural training through extension services, exchange of technical information among farmers, and access to mobile networks and postal services. We underlined policy recommendations that may accelerate climate change adaptation in rice production and complement current agricultural low-carbon programs in China. C() 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 夏季气温   降水   日照变化特征   对农业的影响  

摘要： 本文利用大同市所辖8县区气象资料,分析了1981—2019年期间气温、降水、日照的变化特征及年代际变化特征,结果表明,大同市夏季气温呈升高趋势,降水和日照均呈减少趋势;同时分析了≥0.1mm降水日数和≥10mm降水日数,均呈减少趋势,说明大同市日照时数减少的原因并非降水所致。夏季总降水量和≥10mm降水日数的减少,不利于农作物生长和产量的形成,同时气温高、降水少容易诱发各种病虫害发生。

关键词： 水资源   可持续发展   现代化管理  

摘要： 当前,中国的水资源问题十分突出,高速的经济增长和现代化的发展进程成为水资源合理利用的一个重要限制因素。通过有效的安排、合理的统筹,加强用水监督成为推进水资源保护的一项重要手段。现以气候条件变化下我国农业水资源的管理适应性对策为例,浅谈如何更好的完善水资源的保护和管理。

关键词： 气候变化   农业生产   影响   广东廉江  

摘要： 本文利用廉江国家气象观测站提供的1990—2019年逐月平均气温、降水量、日照时数观测资料对廉江市气候变化特征进行分析,并阐述了其对农业生产的影响。结果表明:廉江市近30年年平均温度整体呈现略微减少变化趋势,气候倾向率为-0.009℃/10 a,春、夏、秋三季平均气温均呈略微上升趋势,而冬季气温呈下降趋势;降水量整体呈现略微减少的变化趋势,降水气候倾向率为-14.994 mm/10 a,降水年际间波动起伏比较大;春季降水量呈显著增加趋势,秋、冬季降水量增加趋势不显著,夏季降水量呈现显著减少趋势;年日照时数整体上呈现增加的趋势,气候倾向率为85.445 h/10 a。廉江市气温、降水量、日照时数年际间波动起伏较大,不利于作物生长发育,还会引发灾害性天气,影响作物产量和品质的提升。

关键词： 气候变化   农业适应性   定量评估   不确定性  

摘要： 定量评估农业适应性调整效果有助于农业适应策略及规划的制定与决策。采用文献综述法和对比分析法,总结了气候变化背景下农业适应性调整效果定量化评估研究进展;并针对现有研究存在的主要问题,尝试从方法、模型等方面寻求相关问题的解决办法。结果表明,现有的气候变化农业适应性调整效果的定量化评估研究主要包括2个方面。①从作物生长发育的角度,作物模型常被用于评估适应前后作物生长发育进程及产量等作物生长发育参数的变化;②从经济效益的角度,主要偏重于分析农业适应性策略的成本投入及经济产出。提出应加强未来气候变化情景下农业适应性调整效果的定量评估研究,建立有针对性的农业适应性定量评估方法及模型;依据各类经济分析方法优势互补的特点,使用多种经济分析方法开展农业适应策略的定量评估研究;结合不确定性分析定量评估农业适应性调整效果。

关键词： Global warming   CO2 emissions   Agriculture land conversion   Greenhouse gases   Land use change   Land cover  

摘要： Climate change and land use conversion are two major global environmental issues. A claim is made that climate change has brought new challenges for global land use, while land use conversion is hardly realized as a major driver for climate change. Using mapping techniques, this study aims to investigate the relationship between climate change and agricultural land conversion (ALC), by which land is converted from agricultural to other uses (e.g., urban areas, national and natural parks, roads, industrial areas, and afforestation projects). CO2 emission is considered as the main impact of climate change, and agricultural land conversion is regarded as the most important global land use. In this study, data are obtained from two databases: the World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the period of 1962-2011. Considering the FAO (2015) classification, the countries are categorized into five different groups (high-income non-OECD, high-income OECD, upper-middle-, lower-middle-, and low-income countries). Economies were divided into several income groups according to 2014 gross national income per capita. The results show that agricultural areas in high-income countries have decreased, while in low- to middle-income countries, they have increased. The highest CO2 emissions can be observed, especially in high-income countries, whereas the lowest CO2 emissions happen in the low- and lower-middle-income countries. The results further show that there is a positive relationship between CO2 emissions and ALC across the world. It can be observed that CO2 emission is increasing where agricultural area is declining. On the contrary, CO2 emission is declining where agricultural area is increasing.

关键词： Biotic   abiotic stresses on agriculture   Climate change   Threat and impact of climate change on agriculture   Food security   Use of biotechnology and genetic engineering in crop improvement   Resilience in agriculture   Ideotype breeding   Climate-smart breeding   CFF  

摘要： The changing climate scenarios harshen the biotic stresses including boosting up the population of insect/pest and disease, uplifting weed growth, declining soil beneficial microbes, threaten pollinator, and boosting up abiotic stresses including harsh drought/waterlogging, extremisms in temperature, salinity/alkalinity, abrupt rainfall pattern)) and ulitamtely affect the plant in multiple ways. This nexus review paper will cover four significant points viz (1) the possible impacts of climate change;as the world already facing the problem of food security, in such crucial period, climatic change severely affects all four dimensions of food security (from production to consumption) and will lead to malnutrition/malnourishment faced by low-income peoples. (2) How some major crops (wheat, cotton, rice, maize, and sugarcane) are affected by stress and their consequent loss. (3) How to develop a strategic work to limit crucial factors, like their significant role in climate-smart breeding, developing resilience to stresses, and idiotypic breeding. Additionally, there is an essence of improving food security, as much of our food is wasted before consumption for instance post-harvest losses. (4) Role of biotechnology and genetic engineering in adaptive introgression of the gene or developing plant transgenic against pests. As millions of dollars are invested in innovation and research to cope with future climate change stresses on a plant, hence community base adaptation of innovation is also considered an important factor in crop improvements. Because of such crucial predictions about the future impacts of climate change on agriculture, we must adopt measures to evolve crop.

关键词： Climate change   Undernutrition   Political ecology of health   Embodiment   Ghana  

摘要： The burden of child undernutrition across Africa remains extraordinarily high. Among children under age five, chronic and acute undernutrition is responsible for more ill-health than any other cause. While climate change exacerbates the multiple burdens of undernutrition, we know very little about the embodied effects on women?s workload in agriculture and implications for feeding practices, especially for infants whose nutrition depends on mothers? time. In this article, political ecologies of health, with its nested, place-based analysis, is used as a framework to address this knowledge gap. The study took place in Ghana?s Upper West Region, a semi-arid and resource-poor setting with higher undernutrition rates. In-depth interviews were conducted with smallholder farmers (n = 33) whose infants have sub-optimal growth, and key informants (n = 7) with expertise in nutrition and health. Findings from the study demonstrate how climate change puts pressure on women?s productive time, leading to poor child feeding practices and undernutrition. Ultimately, the article argues that there are hidden impacts of climate change on undernutrition. Global undernutrition interventions should therefore move beyond biomedical solutions to address these hidden impacts, some of which are social, gendered, and structural in nature.

ISBN: (纸本)9787030682420