关键词： 气候变化   农业生态   减灾对策   降水量  

摘要： 通过对新乡近４０年气候资料分析发现，８０年代新乡的气候变化出现了一些值得重视的特点：冬季明显变暖，夏季变凉；年降雨量明显减少，特别是夏旱严重。由此引起的直接后果是小麦病虫害面积增大，地下水位严重下降，漏斗区面积扩大加深。８０年代气候的变化主要还是由于气候自然振动的因素。

关键词： 气候变化   农业   对策   环境影响  

摘要： 本文根据ＩＰＣＣ对全球未来气候变化的预测，结合我国地理─—气候分布和近百年不同区域气候变化趋势，将我国陆地分成九个区域，海面分成四个海域，分析了未来各区域气候变化的可能趋势。然后以１９８７年作为基准年，就未来气候变化对我国农业的可能影响作出了定量预测。预测的结果是：如果２０３０年左右全球ＣＯ＿２浓度倍增和我国平均气温上升１℃左右，全国种植业生产潜力将因气候变化而下降５％左右；畜牧业综合生产潜力可能下降７％左右；水产业生产潜力下降６％以上。有许多对抗性和适应性措施可以有助于消除全球变暖对农业的不良影响，但需要从现在起作出研究和工作的安排。

关键词： CLIMATE CHANGE   AGRICULTURE   SOIL   RESOURCE ASSESSMENT   NORTHWESTERN CANADA   ALASKA  

摘要： Climate change studies have indicated the potential for increased drought in the southern Canadian prairies, and with this the potential exists for a northward shift in agricultural production areas. In order to assess the potential for agriculture, the arable soils of northwestern Canada (approximately north and west of 55-degrees-N latitude and 110-degrees-W longitude) and Alaska were summarized. The study area was divided into several sub-regions or major land resource areas (MLRA) within which the soils with potential for agricultural use were identified through existing soil surveys. These surveys indicate an area of greater than 57 M hectares (Ha) of potentially arable land, which could be used for either annual cropping or grazing on perennial forages, according to the Canada Land Inventory class 1-5 criteria. The climatic limitations for each MLRA were assessed separately through the use of Climate Classification Software. These limitations were then applied to the 57 M Ha of potentially arable land identified earlier, with the result that the area was rated as overall class 5 climate, limited primarily by heat, and the size of the area was reduced to 39.2 M Ha. The impact of a 2 X CO2 changed climate on this area was then assessed by the use of climatic data generated with the Canadian Climate Centre, Global Circulation Model. These data show a much improved climatic capability for agriculture, being substantially warmer and somewhat drier. The overall climate class increased to a rating of 3 and 55.3 M Ha of arable land were shown to be potentially available in the study area.

关键词： Economic policy   Climate   Agriculture  

摘要： Research on the effects of climate change on U.S. agriculture and world grain markets suggests that adaptation will occur with relatively small effects on total production. Additional research shows that reducing emission of greenhouse gases from U.S. agricultural production is relatively expensive compared to encouraging reforestation as an offset to emissions of carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, continued population growth and the increasing inequality of income across countries are likely to exacerbate the adverse effects of climate change. Concepts of sustainability should be expanded to cover industrial as well as agricultural production, and promote the efficient use of fossil fuels in general. Dealing with climate change effectively will require international cooperation and a willingness to address population growth and the divergence of incomes between rich and poor countries.

关键词： 气候   农业生产   生产潜力   世界各国  

摘要： 气候变化对农业生产潜力的影响中国气象科学研究院气候中心戴晓苏许多观测事实和研究表明，由于人类活动引起的大气中各种温室气体（以ＣＯ２为代表，其它诸如ＣＨ４、Ｎ２Ｏ、ＣＦＣｓ等，浓度的稳定增长，正在影响全球气候，从而将对农业、生态系统、社会经济等各个方面...

关键词： 全球气候   气候变化   中国   农业  

摘要： 本文综述了全球气候变化的成因、基本趋势、由此可能造成的潜在影响，以及近来国内外在这一研究领域所取得的成果和最新进展。作者特别注意提取其中较为一致的观点和结论，进而阐明对这一重大地球环境问题的认识和看法，并且结合我国的情况，论述了全球气候变化对农业生产可能造成的有利与不利影响。最后还提出了为防范和适应气候变化而应采取的若干农业对策。

关键词： 未来气候变化   东北地区   可能影响   全球平均温度   低温冷害   气候模式   气候变暖   热量资源   温室效应   农业气象灾害  

摘要： 未来气候变化的估计 近年来,国内外的一些研究表明,由于工业化带来空气中二氧化碳等气体浓度的增加而造成的“温室效应”,使全球气候变暖。有关研究指出,根据现有气候模式的预测,下一世纪全球平均温度的增加速率约为每10年0.3℃,这样。

关键词： 生产水平函数   气候变化   农业投入  

摘要： 温室效应将导致下世纪中叶前后全球气候明显变暖。为了适应气候变暖对我国农业生产的重大影响，必须增加农业投入以采取相应的对策措施。本文提出一种新的研究模式─—生产水平函数，并运用此函数初步计算及讨论了气候变暖情景下山东、河南及全国的农业种植业投入费用的问题。

关键词： MEXICO   CLIMATE CHANGE   AGRICULTURAL POLICY  

摘要： This paper describes how variations in agricultural policy and climatic conditions have influenced maize production and food security in 20th-century Mexico. We describe the Mexican food system today and how economic policy has influenced food output in efforts to attain food security based on the goal of national self-sufficiency. We examine the impact of climate variability on agricultural production;the ways in which agricultural policy has interacted with climate to change vulnerability to environmental and social change and the implications of global warming for the future of Mexican agriculture. Finally, we discuss the implications of the changing economic environment as Mexico has opened its economy - for example, through the North American Free Trade Agreement. Our goal is to provide a context for thinking about the implications of two types of global change for Mexico - the internationalization of economies and the widespread transformation of the environment.

摘要： The battle to achieve sustainable growth in agricultural production must be fought out along a broad multidisciplinary front. Poverty undermines health and degrades the environment. Environmental problems link the agricultural and health research agendas. Environmental changes underway at the global level will require changes in food production and health practices. Effective bridges must be built between the 'island empires' of the agricultural, environmental, and health sciences. More effective linkages must be built between the suppliers of knowledge and technology and the users.