关键词： 气候变化   农业气象灾害   病虫害   影响  

摘要： 在全球气候变暖的背景下,阿拉善盟气候也产生了不同程度的变化,农业气象灾害以及病虫害频发,对农业生产造成较大影响。基于此,本文主要分析气候变化对阿拉善盟农业气象灾害和病虫害所产生的影响,并提出相应对策,以供参考。

关键词： 农业气象灾害   病虫害   气候变化   影响  

摘要： 我国是农业生产大国,农业生产与气象条件息息相关,气象因素在很大程度上决定了农业生产的产量和质量。近年来,随着全球变暖,气候变化显著,极端天气越来越频繁,气候灾害频发,对农业生产造成了较大损失。基于此,本文结合我国的降水和气温变化等特点,详细分析气候变化对我国农业气象灾害类型和病虫害发生频次、强度等方面的影响,并提出针对性的防御措施,以期为我国农业发展提供气象方面的保障,促进农业生产的可持续发展,为相关气象工作者提供参考和借鉴。

关键词： 农业全要素生产率   气候变化   农业科研投入  

摘要： 本文将气候变化与农业科研投入纳入理论分析框架,在分析气候变化对农业全要素生产率作用基础上,探讨了农业科研投入在气候变化影响农业全要素生产率方面发挥的潜在作用。实证结果表明:全年气温均值对农业全要素生产率有显著的正向作用,而全年降水总量、降水密度及高温、低温对农业全要素生产率有显著的负向影响。这些气候因素对农业全要素生产率的影响在不同区域间呈现出显著的差异。农业科研投入对农业全要素生产率有显著的正向作用,但在应对气候变化影响农业全要素生产率方面,农业科研投入的作用在区域间也同样存在显著的差异。

关键词： 农业   气候变化   脆弱性   适应性举措   可持续发展  

摘要： 气候变化已成为全球发展的重要议题,农业作为关系国计民生的重要产业,与气候变化息息相关。在气候变化面前,农业表现出较明显的脆弱性和依赖性,通过制定农业领域应对气候变化的适应性举措以提高农业适应能力,是促进农业可持续发展的重要途经。从农业生产环境和气候资源、农作物种植制度和结构布局、农业气候灾害和农作物产量、粮食贸易与安全等方面分析农业面对气候变化的脆弱性;根据农业面对气候变化的脆弱性提出生产性、技术性和政策性三大适应气候变化的举措;总结国际做法对我国农业适应气候变化发展的启示,以增强我国农业领域应对气候变化的适应能力和促进我国农业的可持续发展。

摘要： Homogenization of crop portfolios from the field to the global scale is raising concerns about agricultural adaptation to climate change. Assessing whether such trends threaten farmers' long-term adaptive capacity requires a thorough understanding of changes in their crop portfolios, identification of the drivers of change, and the implications such changes have for local nutrition and food production. We reviewed the available literature on farmers' reports of climate-driven crop changes. Small-scale farmers tend to adopt water-demanding crops, even in areas where models predict that reduced rainfall will reduce yields. The adoption of horticultural cash-crops combined with the abandonment of subsistence cereals modifies farmers' nutritional inputs in terms of calories and nutrients, potentially undermining their food security. Farmers' knowledge contributes to understand trends in crop diversity and support the design of strategies for adaptation to climate change.

摘要： The Netherlands is facing a set of serious interrelated environmental and economic challenges, some of which are developing to crisis levels. These challenges also impinge significantly on agriculture. With respect to agriculture, Phosphate, Nitrate, water and climate impacts present key environmental challenges. The preservation of biodiversity, landscapes, animal welfare and the use of antibiotics are also elements which could be added to the list. Given the multiple challenges and the need to adhere to the legal commitments of several sustainability and climate objectives, an integrated approach to addressing these challenges is needed. In other words, there is a need for policy optimisation. As a follow-up to their commitment to the Paris Agreement, the Dutch government took action by developing a national Climate Agreement (Klimaatakkoord). In order to provide more insights into the actions needed for the longer run (until 2050), a special study exploring different scenarios was issued, the main outcomes of which are presented in this article with a focus on the climate challenge. This study suggests that there is still considerable potential from both livestock farming and agricultural soils to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, even at the current scale of the agricultural sector.

关键词： Agriculture   climate change   kaolin   microclimate engineering   pistachio   Q16   Q54   Q11   C63  

摘要： Can farmers adapt to climate change by altering effective weather conditions on their fields? Existing technologies allow farmers to cool down plants by a few degrees during critical periods, reducing the damage from excess heat. With nonlinear effects of high temperatures on yields, slight cooling can bring significant gains in many crops. We call this approach "microclimate engineering" (MCE) and note that it could be useful as a climate change adaptation concept. Our case study deals with California pistachios, threatened by warming daytime temperatures in the winter. A new solution for sunlight reflection, based on products already used in other contexts and crops, could potentially help deal with this challenge. We develop a model to analyze grower choice and market outcomes with MCE for California pistachios. The expected increase in welfare for the period of 2020-2040 is assessed at 0.49-1.42 billion dollars under several scenarios. Simulation results show increases in consumer surplus and total welfare when MCE is available but decreases in aggregate grower profits. We also introduce market power to test its potential effects on the gains from MCE, finding mixed effects.

关键词： climate change   heightened reservoir   reservoir water balance   water supply evaluation  

摘要： Drought has been frequently occurring in South Korea due to climate change. Analyzing the water supply capacity of the water resource system provides essential information for water resource management. This study evaluates the future water supply capacity of the Gwanghye (GH) agricultural reservoir based on the representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios. We performed a reservoir simulation by reflecting the full water level of the reservoir before and after reservoir heightening. Climate change is expected to decrease the GH reservoir's future available water resources due to the overall reduction in the reservoir's runoff. After the reservoir-heightening project, an overall improvement was observed in the stability of the future irrigation water supply. Moreover, the remaining water after the supply of the irrigation water could supply 0.6-7.2 x 10(3) m(3) of daily instream water. Thus, flexible reservoir operations are necessary according to climate change scenarios and the reservoir operation period. The use of climate change information should be expanded to establish reasonable water management policies for future climate change scenarios.

摘要： Even though agricultural and land sector emissions contribute almost one-quarter of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, it has been a long struggle to properly recognise and discuss within the UNFCCC framework the contribution that these sectors can make to the global mitigation effort. This is despite the fact that many countries' Nationally Determined Contributions highlight the potential for abatement in these sectors, though commitments are often made contingent on receipt of external finance. A major breakthrough occurred with the adoption of the Koronivia Joint Work Programme on Agriculture at COP23 in 2017. The two UNFCCC subsidiary bodies charged with implementing this work programme will report back on its outcomes at the COP26 in Glasgow in November. The UK government's Campaign for Nature, under its COP Presidency to highlight the importance of nature-based solutions, can also help to strengthen the focus on the importance of these sectors. This article describes the background to these discussions and discusses possible outcomes at COP26 of relevance to the agriculture and land sectors.

关键词： 气候变化   农业生产   影响因素   处理策略  

摘要： 全球气候变暖导致的气候变化对农业发展产生了极为重大影响.鉴于此,本文分析了气候变化的趋势并介绍了影响农业生产的气象因素,提出了几点行之有效的处理策略.