关键词： 气候变化   农业生产   历史时期   中国  

摘要： IPCC报告指出:气候变暖将给人类农业生产和粮食安全带来严重的"负面"影响。中国历史上的情况又是怎样的呢?本文在前人工作的基础上,通过对我国秦汉以来气候变化与农业经济发展对应关系的梳理与分析,从百年尺度上阐明气候变化对我国古代农业生产的影响,结果表明:暖期利于农业发展,冷期则相反。当气候温暖时(如秦汉、隋唐时期),北方农业种植界线北移,农耕区扩大,同时农作物生长期增长,熟制增加,粮食产量提高;而当气候寒冷时(如魏晋南北朝、唐后期至五代时期),农业种植界线南退,宜农土地减少,农作物生长期缩短,熟制区域单一,粮食产量下降。古代稻作区的分布也具有类同的变化。

关键词： Climate change   Agricultural region   Effect   Assessment   Countermeasure   Haidong in Qinghai   China  

摘要： [Objective] The aim was to study climate changes and its effects on agriculture in Haidong agricultural region.[Method] Based on meteorology and agricultural observation data in Haidong agricultural region from 1961 to 2009,the characteristics of climate change and its effects on agriculture were analyzed,and the possible effects of future climate change on Haidong agriculture were predicted according to the future climate scenarios provided by down-scaling climate model.[Result] Annual mean temperature in Haidong agricultural region during 1961-2009 showed obvious increase trend,with the rising rate of 0.37 ℃/10 a;annual mean precipitation and annual total sunshine duration went down slightly,with the climatic tendency of 3.70 mm/10 a and-27.55 h/10 a,respectively;climate extreme event occurred less frequently but became severer in recent 49 *** future 100 years,temperature in Haidong agricultural region would go up significantly,with the slight increase of rainfall,and climate changes would affect agricultural production environment,arrangement,structure and productivity,namely increasing yield fluctuation of agricultural production,cost and investment and changing arrangement and *** order to adapt climate change,it was necessary to adjust agricultural structure,strengthen management,improve agricultural infrastructure,adopt new technology,increase the resistance ability of agricultural production to climate change actively and designedly,so as to improve adaptability,furthest reduce loss and realize potential benefit.[Conclusion] Our study could provide references for the decision of government and agricultural sector.

关键词： 气候变化   农业科研   农业生态环境   作物产量   时空分布   农业生产  

摘要： 光、热、水是直接影响农业生态环境和作物产量的三个主要因素，而气候变化将直接影响这三个因素的时空分布，进而影响农业生产。

关键词： 气候   土壤水分   地下水位   变化特征  

摘要： 根据兴安盟近3年(2007-2009年)的降水、气温、相对湿度、地下水位资料,分析了兴安盟的气候变化对农业水资源的影响。结果表明,近年来,无论是年平均气温还是各季平均气温都呈上升趋势;年降水量以及各季降水量大部分时间呈下降趋势,但由于近年来降水量年际间变率增大,因而旱涝灾害频率和程度均有增加的趋势,近几年的连续干旱少雨就说明了这一趋势。各季的土壤墒情总体呈下降趋势。

关键词： 气候变化   农业   全球平均气温   上升趋势   全球气温   年代  

摘要： 近100多年来，全球平均气温经历了冷-暖-冷暖两次波动，总的看为上升趋势。进入80年代后，全球气温明显上升。

关键词： 气候变化   东南亚   大学   作用  

摘要： 气候变化和随之而来的一系列自然灾害严重影响了人们的生产和生活。越南也是受气候变化影响深重的国家之一。由于海平面上升、洪水、旱灾的频繁发生,越南的农业、渔业、人民生命财产和健康都受到严重威胁。本文对此作了详细分析,并提出高校在应对气候变化过程中应尽的责任和可能发挥的作用。

关键词： 发展   有机农业   气候变化   缓解作用  

摘要： 农业生态系统中的碳库是全球碳库中最活跃的部分,土壤可以通过团聚体-有机物的固碳作用降低大气中CO2浓度,从而缓解气候变暖。有机农业因其只施用有机肥、对土壤的保护性开发利用,不仅能够改善土壤形成和结构,增加养分和能量循环,而且与常规农业相比土壤的固碳能力有所增强,对缓解气候变化起到积极的作用,保护生态环境,维持农业的可持续发展。因此,发展有机农业能够实现结构优化、产业产品升级,是新时期农业和农村经济发展的方向,能够真正实现环境、经济和社会效益的完美结合。但同时,我国现阶段发展有机农业还存在很多难题,需要加大研发和宣传力度,更好地发展有机农业。

关键词： 气候变化   趋势分析   农业生产  

摘要： 利用普兰店1961~2008年气象资料进行统计分析,归纳出近48a普兰店气候变化特点是：温度呈波动性上升,降水波动性减少趋势;无霜期延后,干旱发生频率增大。同时,分析了气候变化对农业生产的影响,为合理利用该地区气候资源提供参考依据。

关键词： 农业综合开发项目   全球环境基金   世界银行贷款   综合开发利用   检查   气候变化   灌溉农业   项目建设  

摘要： 11月14日-22日，世行检查团对山东省济南市的章丘市、河北省衡水市的桃城区世行三期项目进行了实地检查，并在北京听取了世行三期项目竣工报告和全球环境基金赠款项目实施情况汇报。世行检查团对项目区的总体实施情况表示满意，对项目取得的成效给予了充分肯定，并希望进一步总结项目建设经验，为今后的项目建设提供有益借鉴。

摘要： In an effort to curb mankind's impact on the global climate, the EU has proposed a reduction in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of 20 per cent by 2020 relative to the 1990 levels. The required reduction in GHG emissions in the non-Emissions Trading Sector, which includes agriculture, varies by Member States ( MS) with Ireland, Denmark and Luxembourg given the largest reduction target of 20 per cent relative to their 2005 levels. For some EU MS, such as Ireland, agriculture represents a significant source of national GHG emissions and achieving the reduction targets could potentially have a significant impact on the agriculture sector in these MS. Various policy-based abatement strategies can be applied to reduce the cost of GHG emissions abatement. This article discusses some of the main merits and demerits of these strategies. Tradable Emissions Permits, which are currently being used to reduce the emissions from the EU energy and heavy industry sectors, are one such strategy and are examined in more detail in the context of reducing GHG emissions from agriculture. A number of potential obstacles to the successful implementation of a scheme of tradable emissions permits for Irish or EU agriculture are discussed in greater detail.