关键词： 气候变化   温室气体排放   作物品种   生物炭  

摘要： 气候变化是个全局问题,将牵动社会的各个领域,以粮食生产为核心的农业首当其冲。毕竟,这关系到国计民生。气候变化带来的挑战极其繁多,而且错综复杂,有时甚至相互抵触。从世界范围来看,气候变化对农业产生的影响,会因为处在不同的地区、面对不同的人群而表现出很大的

关键词： carbon market   ecosystem services   multifunctional landscapes   payments for ecosystem services (PES)   trees outside forests  

摘要： The potential of agriculture, forestry, and other land uses to sequester carbon offers a powerful tool for controlling the global climate regime, but practices capable of creating 'collateral' benefits for landscape conservation have thus far been disregarded. This paper calls for greater integration of scattered trees into agricultural landscapes, hypothesizing that agroforestry practices effectively store carbon and deliver other important ecosystem services as well. Several agroforests from the Upper Lusatia area in eastern Germany have been selected for analysis. They cover relatively large areas of land (8.2%), even within this intensively used agricultural landscape, and their extent increased from 1964-2008 by 19.4%. Practices of conserving or promoting six agroforest classes are compared with a catalogue of essential properties for becoming effective 'carbon offset projects'. Criteria from mandatory and voluntary carbon markets for carbon sequestration are then applied (additionality, baselines, permanence, and carbon leakage). The study concludes that steps towards realization of 'carbon sequestration projects' should include collecting empirical evidence regarding the carbon sequestration potential of temperate agroforestry systems, developing localized demonstration projects, and upscaling these projects to participate in established carbon markets.

关键词： 干旱   农田节水   农业   可持续发展  

摘要： 近年我国已进入气候剧烈变化阶段,未来大部分地区干旱将逐步加剧,应用农田节水技术,投入少,见效快,效益高,能有效缓解水资源短缺矛盾,能有力促进粮食增产和农民增收。因此,加快推进农田节水工作,不仅是贯彻落实科学发展观的重要举措,也是大幅增强农业可持续发展能力的迫切需要。

关键词： 气候变化   农业   脆弱性   评估方法  

摘要： 在阐明农业气候变化脆弱性概念的基础上,归纳了农业气候变化脆弱性评价研究的3种主要方法——模型模拟研究、指标评价研究和统计函数分析研究,指出农业气候变化脆弱性的评估研究中存在的问题和发展方向。

关键词： 气候变化   农业生产   历史时期   中国  

摘要： IPCC报告指出:气候变暖将给人类农业生产和粮食安全带来严重的"负面"影响。中国历史上的情况又是怎样的呢?本文在前人工作的基础上,通过对我国秦汉以来气候变化与农业经济发展对应关系的梳理与分析,从百年尺度上阐明气候变化对我国古代农业生产的影响,结果表明:暖期利于农业发展,冷期则相反。当气候温暖时(如秦汉、隋唐时期),北方农业种植界线北移,农耕区扩大,同时农作物生长期增长,熟制增加,粮食产量提高;而当气候寒冷时(如魏晋南北朝、唐后期至五代时期),农业种植界线南退,宜农土地减少,农作物生长期缩短,熟制区域单一,粮食产量下降。古代稻作区的分布也具有类同的变化。

关键词： Climate change   Agricultural region   Effect   Assessment   Countermeasure   Haidong in Qinghai   China  

摘要： [Objective] The aim was to study climate changes and its effects on agriculture in Haidong agricultural region.[Method] Based on meteorology and agricultural observation data in Haidong agricultural region from 1961 to 2009,the characteristics of climate change and its effects on agriculture were analyzed,and the possible effects of future climate change on Haidong agriculture were predicted according to the future climate scenarios provided by down-scaling climate model.[Result] Annual mean temperature in Haidong agricultural region during 1961-2009 showed obvious increase trend,with the rising rate of 0.37 ℃/10 a;annual mean precipitation and annual total sunshine duration went down slightly,with the climatic tendency of 3.70 mm/10 a and-27.55 h/10 a,respectively;climate extreme event occurred less frequently but became severer in recent 49 *** future 100 years,temperature in Haidong agricultural region would go up significantly,with the slight increase of rainfall,and climate changes would affect agricultural production environment,arrangement,structure and productivity,namely increasing yield fluctuation of agricultural production,cost and investment and changing arrangement and *** order to adapt climate change,it was necessary to adjust agricultural structure,strengthen management,improve agricultural infrastructure,adopt new technology,increase the resistance ability of agricultural production to climate change actively and designedly,so as to improve adaptability,furthest reduce loss and realize potential benefit.[Conclusion] Our study could provide references for the decision of government and agricultural sector.

关键词： 气候变化   农业科研   农业生态环境   作物产量   时空分布   农业生产  

摘要： 光、热、水是直接影响农业生态环境和作物产量的三个主要因素，而气候变化将直接影响这三个因素的时空分布，进而影响农业生产。

关键词： 气候   土壤水分   地下水位   变化特征  

摘要： 根据兴安盟近3年(2007-2009年)的降水、气温、相对湿度、地下水位资料,分析了兴安盟的气候变化对农业水资源的影响。结果表明,近年来,无论是年平均气温还是各季平均气温都呈上升趋势;年降水量以及各季降水量大部分时间呈下降趋势,但由于近年来降水量年际间变率增大,因而旱涝灾害频率和程度均有增加的趋势,近几年的连续干旱少雨就说明了这一趋势。各季的土壤墒情总体呈下降趋势。

关键词： 气候变化   农业   全球平均气温   上升趋势   全球气温   年代  

摘要： 近100多年来，全球平均气温经历了冷-暖-冷暖两次波动，总的看为上升趋势。进入80年代后，全球气温明显上升。

关键词： 气候变化   东南亚   大学   作用  

摘要： 气候变化和随之而来的一系列自然灾害严重影响了人们的生产和生活。越南也是受气候变化影响深重的国家之一。由于海平面上升、洪水、旱灾的频繁发生,越南的农业、渔业、人民生命财产和健康都受到严重威胁。本文对此作了详细分析,并提出高校在应对气候变化过程中应尽的责任和可能发挥的作用。