关键词： 气候变化   气象灾害   对农业   影响   对策  

摘要： 本文主要研究了气候变化对农业的影响与对策，说明气象灾害是不可避免的，但我们可以通过制定相应的对策，加强灾害监测预警机制，提高农作物的单产，加大科技的投入，培养高素质高科技人才，促进农业的发展。

关键词： 气候变化   新疆   农业   对策   影响  

摘要： 通过对1961～2010年新疆气候变化的数据分析,阐述了气候变化对新疆农业存在的巨大影响,最后提出了一些应对气候变化的对策,从而加强新疆适应气候变化的能力。

关键词： 气候变化   农业影响   青海海东  

摘要： 利用青海省海东地区6个气象站点自1961-2010年的实测资料,应用统计学方法分析海东地区近50年来气温、积温及地温等热量资源的变化特征及对海东农业产生的影响。结果表明1961-2010年海东地区年平均气温呈显著的升高趋势,升温率达0.370℃/10年,年平均地表温度也呈上升趋势,其增温率达0.440℃/10年。明显大于年平均气温的增温率。积温变化就区域平均而言,2001年以来≥0℃积温与多年平均相比偏多198.100℃,与20世纪60年代相比偏多298.400℃。气候明显变暖,气候变暖使春播作物播种期提早,使喜热、喜温作物的全生育期延长;使越冬作物播种期推迟,初春提前返青,冬季增温的幅度较大,有利于温棚蔬菜经济作物等安全越冬。气候变暖使玉米单产变率减小,保证了海东玉米种植区的高产稳产。使海东大多数农作物的适宜种植面积有所扩大。复种指数提高。气候变暖对海东的农业生产布局和种植结构产生了明显的影响。

关键词： ARID regions agriculture   CLIMATIC changes   RESEARCH & development   WHEAT  

摘要： The Western Australian wheat-belt has experienced more rainfall decline than any other wheat-cropping region in Australia. Future climate change scenarios suggest that the Western Australian wheat-belt is likely to see greater future reductions in rainfall than other regions, together with a further increase in temperatures. While these changes appear adverse for water-limited rain-fed agriculture, a close analysis of the changes and their impacts reveals a more complex story. Twentieth century changes in rainfall, temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration have had little or no overall impact on wheat yields. Changes in agricultural technology and farming systems have had much larger impacts. Contrary to some claims, there is no scientific or economic justification for any immediate actions by farmers to adapt to long-term climate change in the Western Australian wheat-belt, beyond normal responses to short-term variations in weather. Rather than promoting current change, the most important policy response is research and development to enable farmers to facilitate future adaptation to climate change. Research priorities are proposed.

关键词： Climate change   Agriculture   Greenhouse gases  

摘要： Changes in the agriculture sector are essential to mitigate and adapt to climate change, meet growing food demands, and improve the livelihoods of poor smallholder producers. What agricultural strategies are needed to meet these challenges? To what extent are there synergies among these strategies? This paper examines these issues for smallholder producers in Kenya across several agroecological zones. Several practices emerge as triple wins, supporting climate adaptation, greenhouse gas mitigation, and profitability goals. In particular, integrated soil fertility management and improved livestock feeding are shown to provide multiple benefits across all agroecological zones examined. Triple wins of other agricultural practices are limited to specific agroecological zones. Irrigation and soil and water conservation, for example, are essential for adaptation, mitigation, and profitability in arid areas. The results suggest that agricultural investments targeted toward these triple-win strategies will have the greatest payoff in terms of increased resilience of farm and pastoralist households and global climate change mitigation. To reap the benefits of triple-win strategies will require that policymakers, researchers, and practitioners move away from isolated approaches focused on either adaptation or mitigation or rural income generation toward a more holistic assessment of joint strategies as well as their tradeoffs and synergies.

关键词： 气候变化   烟叶生产   适应方法  

摘要： 通过福建宁化县翠碧一号的生长及生产来探讨气候变化对农业生产的影响和其适应.采取案例分析的方法,对气候影响翠碧一号烟叶的产与质进行分析,目的是找出对气候进行适应的策略和方法.以福建烟草为典型分析气候对农业生产的影响可以合理和科学的对目前恶劣的气候进行防御,达到最大程度的变弊为利.

关键词： 农业合作   粮食安全   气候变化   旱地   高峰论坛   中国西北   Forum   兰州大学  

摘要： 以“气候变化下早地农业合作与粮食安全”为主题的“2012中国一肯尼亚旱地农业合作高峰论坛”（2012 China-Kenya Forum on the Collaboration in Dryland Agriculture）于2012年8月29Et。9月3日在中国西北的兰州大学举行，论坛在友好、互信、务实与合作的气氛中圆满落幕。

关键词： 气候变化   烟叶生产   适应方法  

摘要： 通过福建宁化县翠碧一号的生长及生产来探讨气候变化对农业生产的影响和其适应。采取案例分析的方法,对气候影响翠碧一号烟叶的产与质进行分析,目的是找出对气候进行适应的策略和方法。以福建烟草为典型分析气候对农业生产的影响可以合理和科学的对目前恶劣的气候进行防御,达到最大程度的变弊为利。

关键词： Agricultural policy   Climate change   Pesticides   Environmental health   Regulation   Agricultural production  

摘要： Residuals from agricultural pesticides threaten the environment and human health. Climate change alters these externalities because it affects pest pressure and pesticide application rates. This study examines damages from pesticide externalities in US agriculture under different climate projections and the effects of alternative regulations. We find divergent impacts of externality regulation and climate change on agricultural production in the US. A Pigovian tax on pesticide externalities generally increases crop production cost, but farm revenue improves because of increased commodity prices. Climate change generally decreases US farm revenue because production increases and prices fall. Results also show a heterogeneous effect of climate change on pest management intensities across major crops.

关键词： climate change   agriculture   water   irrigation  

摘要： This paper assesses the change in crop water deficits (the difference between crop evapotranspiration and precipitation that is effective for crop growth) of 26 crops (including rainfed and irrigated) under current (1961-1990) and projected climates (2070-2099). We found that despite the universally rising mean temperature, crop water deficits are likely to decline slightly at the global scale, although changes vary by region. While the increasing precipitation and changing intra-annual precipitation distribution in many areas can lead to more effective rainfall for crop growth, the declining diurnal temperature range will play a key role in offsetting the warming effect at the global scale. Regionally, Africa and China are likely to benefit from lower water requirements, but the impacts on other regions, including Europe, India, South America, and the United States, are subject to the land-use types (rainfed or irrigated) and the uncertainty involved in the assessment approaches.