关键词： Bilateral investment treaties   Regional trade agreements   International trade   Structural gravity  

摘要： We study the international trade effects of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and compare them to those of regional trade agreements (RTAs). We find that a BIT increases bilateral international trade flows by similar amounts as an RTA if the RTA contains an investment chapter. BITs have larger international trade effects than RTAs without an investment chapter. Results are robust to controlling for the effects of unilateral investment laws. They imply that evaluations of trade and investment agreements should also consider investment regulation. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Money laundering   Organized crime   Trade-based money laundering   Organized crime learning  

摘要： Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the link between trade-based money laundering and organized crime. Trade-based money laundering (TBML) has emerged as the newest and possibly most complex method used by organized crime and white-collar crime groups for illegally laundering money in the international financial system. Using legitimate global trade streams, criminal organizations are able to transfer billions of dollars annually between jurisdictions without having to adhere to state-level currency regulations. Design/methodology/approach Using a rational approach to understanding the behavior of criminal organizations, it is argued that TBML will continue to grow as a preferred methodology for laundering money internationally. As criminal organizations continue to be displaced from the more traditional methods of money laundering, they will look for and find TBML as a viable alternative for moving money between different jurisdictions. Findings As the methodology becomes more developed, the skill set will transfer to an increasing number of organized crime groups and be incorporated as a mainstream method for laundering and moving money. Practical implications - To stay current with contemporary money laundering schemes, law enforcement agencies will have to train their investigators to spot, investigate and collect requisite evidence for successful prosecution and disruption of TBML offences. Moreover, in the absence of a global regime for sharing trade and customs information, legislators and law enforcement agencies will have to consider how to best expedite the sharing of trade and customs information. Originality/value This is the only study to address TBML as an emerging money laundering technique and the transfer of the skill between organized crime groups. It further details the skills that police investigators needs to develop to successfully combat TBML.

关键词： 实践教学改革   国际贸易   POCIB  

摘要： 当代贸易发展的趋势，对学生的组织货源能力、签订合同和处理货运纠纷能力要求越来越高，POCIB正是可以提高上述能力的一种综合性的实操比赛项目，本文章介绍了POCIBB比赛对国贸实务教学带来了新思路，提出了如何对国贸实务课程进行改革的措施。

关键词： Renewable energy   International trade   Environmental quality  

摘要： This research investigates how renewable energy consumption interacts with international trade and environmental quality in Nordic counties from 2001 to 2018. The present study adopted the CIPS unit root test and cross-sectional dependence (CD) test to test the stationarity and diagnose the cross-sectional dependence issues, respectively. Further, the study employed a dynamic common correlated effect (DCCE) model for robustness. The findings revealed that renewable energy strongly and positively associated with international trade in Nordic countries. Also, the results indicate that renewable energy consumption improved to environmental quality. Therefore, policies to promote renewables can provide for economic growth and environmental sustainability and ensure crucial sustainable development goals. Further, the findings provide theoretical support for the formulation of eco-friendly policies to understand the role of renewable energy in spurring international trade, which supports balancing eco-environmental sustainability.

关键词： CO2 emission   Energy sector   International trade   Energy consumption   Population density   Economic growth   India   Q40   Q43   Q56   J11   C22  

摘要： Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effects of economic growth, population density and international trade on energy consumption and environmental quality in India. Design/methodology/approach Taking annual data of 1971-2011, autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing technique is applied to explore the long run link between the series. The Granger causality test is used to determine the direction of causality between the variables. Findings The obtained results confirm the cointegration of variables, and economic growth and population density are found to have significant positive effects on energy consumption in both the short and long runs. CO2 emissions are also positively and significantly affected by population density and energy consumption, and negatively affected by economic growth. Originality/value The paper is original and valuable in the sense that it has considered two relevant additional explanatory variables, namely, population density and trade openness, which got little attention in the past. This research is an improvement over the previous studies because it has looked at the separate effects of explanatory variables on energy consumption, in addition to the effects on carbon emissions. Therefore, the findings of this research are more reliable because this adopted methodology is better and extensive, and the authors have properly addressed the issue of omitted variable bias.

关键词： 国际贸易   风险   价格   企业   预见   规避  

摘要： 论文主要对企业如何规避国际贸易风险进行了相应的分析与研究,首先对国际贸易风险进行了详细概述,然后对国际贸易中的预见进行了分析,主要是2种风险:需求风险和价格风险,最后对如何规避国际贸易风险提出了几点措施。