关键词： 国际贸易   英语   电报信函   写作   高等学校   教材   合同  

ISBN: (纸本)9787566322609

摘要： 商务英语函电与合同旨在帮助学生在国际贸易实务的框架和背景下学习和掌握函电与合同的应用，通晓对外贸易工作中函电的原则、技巧和方法，提高对外经贸工作中的书面表达能力，认识到良好的交流和交际能力在商务活动中的重要性，以适应外经贸工作过程中用书面形式与客户进行联络的实际业务需求。 内容选取方面，拟将现有多本教材与实践案例充分结合，注重语言使用和课程内容的专业性。选取内容与学习资源建设力求专业、实用、符合学生认知规律、扩展性强，能够激发学生热情。 课程内容包括商务函电写作的原则与风格，商务信函的格式与排版，与对方建立商务关系、询购、报价、报盘与还盘、订购与确认、付款方式、信用证付款与修订、包装、运输唛头与运输、保险、代理、投诉与索赔等过程的函电往来，和合同的翻译与书写。并将函电写作置于对外贸易中贸易业务磋商过程的各个环节中。

摘要： I use bilateral trade data from a variety of countries to decompose the patterns of trade growth across various goods classifications during episodes of rapid growth in bilateral trade. I find that bilateral trade growth during these episodes isfragmented-less than 5% of goods classifications account for over 65% of overall bilateral trade growth. I quantitatively assess whether "Melitz-style" trade models, with heterogeneous productivity firms, CES demand and fixed and variable costs of exporting, can match the observed fragmentation of bilateral trade growth. I find the standard model generates less than 40% of the observed fragmentation in the data, as measured by the share of total trade growth accounted for by various quantiles of goods classifications. However, by incorporating heterogeneous tariff and productivity changes imputed from US production and export data, I find that the model generates approximately 90% of the magnitude of fragmentation of trade growth across goods as in the data.

关键词： International trade   Trade costs   Intermediaries   Customs brokers   Customs clearing  

摘要： Recent studies suggest that intermediaries like merchants facilitate international trade by reducing fixed trade costs for producers that trade through them instead of exporting or importing directly. This study argues that customs brokers-a type of intermediary rarely studied in economics before-play a similar role by reducing fixed costs of clearing goods through customs for firms that use them instead of self-declaring. Using panel data of Norwegian trade transactions, the paper shows that the majority of manufacturing producers participating in international trade use such brokers, and that the brokers typically handle large trade values on behalf of several different produces. In an econometric analysis, the author finds that the share of a producer's market specific trade that is self-declared rather than handled by brokers increases with the traded value. This is in line with predictions from theoretical models on trade intermediaries and holds after controlling for observed as well as unobserved factors at the producer, country and product level. Results are similar for exporting and importing, indicating that brokers facilitate both modes of trade.

关键词： Albertisii   Biogeography   CITES   Conservation Indonesia   Meridionalis   Papua   Wildlife trade  

摘要： The large and enigmatic New Guinean pythons in the genus Leiopython are harvested from the wild to supply the international trade in pets. Six species are currently recognized (albertisii, biakensis, fredparkeri, huonensis, meridionalis, montanus) but the taxonomy of this group has been controversial. We combined analysis of 421 nuclear loci and complete mitochondrial genomes with morphological data to construct a detailed phylogeny of this group, understand their biogeographic patterns and establish the systematic diversity of this genus. Our molecular genetic data support two major clades, corresponding to L. albertisii and L. fredparkeri, but offer no support for the other four species. Our morphological data also only support two species. We therefore recognize L. albertisii and L. fredparkeri as valid species and place L. biakensis, L. meridionalis, L. huonensis and L. montanus into synonymy. We found that L. albertisii and L. fredparkeri are sympatric in western New Guinea;an atypical pattern compared to other Papuan species complexes in which the distributions of sister taxa are partitioned to the north and south of the island's central mountain range. For the purpose of conservation management, overestimation of species diversity within Leiopython has resulted in the unnecessary allocation of resources that could have been expended elsewhere. We strongly caution against revising the taxonomy of geographically widespread species groups when little or no molecular genetic data and only small morphological samples are available.

关键词： 国际贸易发展   启发引领式教学   协同稳步发展   学思结合模式  

摘要： 中职国际贸易课程的教学目标是培养具有对外贸易工作能力的商业性人才,教师要肩负起本人的教学重担,同时也要在承担重担的过程中,勇往直前、直面责任、勇敢创新,由此才能带领全体的中职生取得更大的发展和突破。针对当下的中职生存在的业务能力比较弱、学习积极性不高的问题,教师也要积极开展相关的自我反思,同时能制定出更加妥当的课程模式,让学生懂得和国际的贸易发展保持相适应的状态,善于洞悉国际要闻,教师也要善于开展创新性教学。