关键词： 国际贸易   贸易实务   高等学校   教材  

ISBN: (纸本)9787566322333

摘要： 本书目的在于传授国际贸易中的实际操作知识，全书系统阐述了国际贸易实务中各个业务环节的具体操作流程、表单，需要掌握的理论知识，并辅之以案例讲解。全书主要分为四篇，包括：国际贸易术语、国际货物合同的条款、买卖合同的签订和履行以及贸易方式。主要内容包括国际贸易术语和惯例、价格、进出口报关、保险、运输、索赔、合同履行、期货交易、招投标、拍卖、电子商务等，采用了最新的国际贸易术语2020版，力求让学生掌握最新的知识、了解最新的变化。本书的再版对原书不足之处予以弥补，进行进一步完善，精益求精。

关键词： International trade flows   Liquid biofuels   Agent-based modelling (ABM)   Policy exploration   Economic behaviour farmers  

摘要： World biofuel production and trade have grown exponentially in the last decade. Nevertheless, the interaction between the markets for oilseeds (food/feed/bioenergy) and liquid vegetable oil-based biofuels is overwhelmingly complex and thus not well understood. In this study, we developed a spatially explicit agent-based model to provide insights into the effect of farmers' behaviour on trade flows and biodiesel production and to shed light on the influence of import tariffs for both palm oil and biodiesel on system behaviour. This new approach enables us to assess different types of rational economic behaviour for the adoption of crops by farmers. Results show that model outcomes can vary substantially based on the assumptions made concerning the behaviour of farmers. Moreover, we found that biodiesel trade and production are more sensitive to a change in the EU-28's biodiesel import tariff than to a change in the EU-28's palm oil import tariff. Overall, our results show that social processes, actors' heterogeneity, and institutions play an important role in the behaviour of the system.

关键词： International trade   Quantitative trade models   Military spending  

摘要： Motivated by the historically tense geopolitical situation in Southeast Asia, the paper simulates the potential closure of key maritime waterways in the region to predict the impact on trade and welfare. The authors generate initial (unobstructed) and counterfactual (rerouted) least-cost maritime paths between trading countries, and use the distances of these routes in a workhorse model of international trade to estimate welfare effects. They find heterogeneous and economically significant reductions in real GDP, and show the magnitude of welfare loss is directly correlated with military spending as a proportion of GDP, suggesting nations may be responding to economic security threats posed by such potential conflicts.

关键词： Food contact materials   RASFF   Food supply chain   Food policy   Food safety  

摘要： Nowadays, quality assurance and food safety are necessary objectives for companies that produce and market food. Food contact materials (FCMs) are essential to ensure adequate levels of food safety, involving the entire food supply chain, since they are intended to be in contact with food during production, handling or storage. They are governed by European Union (EU) and national legislation and all serious food safety hazards, including legislation specific to FCMs, are reported via the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). The aim of this study is to analyze notifications in the RASFF database related to FCMs during the period from 2007 to 2019, testing the significance of the relation between the notified products' origin and other variables (i.e. hazard and type of food contact materials, notification basis, notification type, risk decision) and providing insights to the European trade relations and practices. Additionally, a study on melamine and polyamide-based materials produced in China and introduced into the European market was carried out to evaluate the effects of Commission Regulation (EU) No 284/2011. Our analysis showed a significant association between the origin of the notified products (China, European, non-European) and the other selected categorical variables (hazard category, type of FCMs, notification type, distribution status and risk decision)and an overall positive effect of Commission Regulation (EU) No 284/2011 on the number of notifications of melamine products from China.

关键词： Price integration   Price transmission   Market integration   Value chain   Seafood market   Seabream  

摘要： This paper extends the literature on price-integration in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) market in Spain by shedding new light on established relationships using additional data allowing investigation of the importance of origin. Although the conclusions for the overall market are in the line of those previously reported for market integration and price transmission in the domestic value chain, there are significant differences in the relationships across the price series when the market is disaggregated by countries of origin. While the overall model, with minor differences, confirms Turkey's price leadership and the influence of domestic wholesalers on the changes in the price along the value chain, alternative models with more specific focus on the country of origin show how organization along the value chain and differentiation of domestic product provide different distribution channels and different mechanisms of price transmission. Domestic and international producers establish alliances with downstream agents both at national and international level depending on to the market targeted. Differentiation is exerted by domestic producers based on the origin of the product. Although producers have lower ability to influence downstream prices, they may be moving into a less volatile price scenario.

关键词： Hydrogen   Certification   Energy export   International trade   Supply chain   Embedded emissions  

摘要： Hydrogen as a fuel is clean burning, but production can cause substantial greenhouse emissions. Some buyers will prefer to pay a higher price to ensure purchase of low-embedded emissions hydrogen, but it is impossible to determine embedded emissions by examining the end product. Certification of embedded emissions will thus play a key role in the future of hydrogen as a low-emission energy carrier. The boundaries of the supply-chain elements covered in the emissions accounting of certification schemes will have substantial implications for emission-reduction incentives and international tradability. We review the boundary definitions of existing and emerging hydrogen certification schemes. Further, we provide an evidence-based assessment of the magnitude of emissions likely to occur within each boundary of the supply chain. We find varying approaches to boundary definitions in the surveyed schemes. The exclusion of feedstock or transport elements risks ignoring major fractions of supply-chain emissions. In order to balance tradability and emissions-reduction incentives, we recommend that hydrogen certification schemes be designed to follow a modular approach. This type of modular approach would place those with decision-making power over the relevant piece of the supply chain in the position of certifying the emissions within that supply-chain boundary. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tradable services   international trade   economic development   Southern Africa  

摘要： Services are the fastest growing portion of world trade and now account for nearly a quarter of global exports. This presents opportunities for emerging economies to adapt and enter new markets. Many countries in southern Africa have struggled to diversify from a heavy reliance on primary commodities towards manufacturing industries. Tradable services could contribute to economic growth and development by bolstering industrial capabilities, facilitating productivity growth, and contributing directly to exports. We examine evidence on international services trade for the Southern African Development Community between 1995 and 2012. Tradable services appear to have made a limited contribution to total trade for most countries, and there is little evidence of significant regional integration or specialisation in higher value-added activities. The role of tradable services is an important policy and research agenda that warrants much more attention all round.

关键词： 国际贸易   跨境电商   商业模式  

摘要： 为应对国内消费者的需求转变,我国电商企业广泛涉足跨境进口领域,积极探索各种商业模式和渠道。本文基于目前我国B2C跨境进口零售电商平台所涵盖的第三方平台模式、自营模式、混合模式的经营方法,分析了其存在的主要问题,并提出建议:强化平台特色,配套精细化服务;建立正品认证机制,加强供应链渠道管控;抓住“一带一路”建设带来的机遇,利用政策助力发展等。