关键词： disequilibrium   Ottawa Group   pandemic   paths of adjustment   reform   WTO  

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) initiated shocks to the Canadian agri-food industry moving the sector away from its prepandemic equilibrium. Disequilibrium can mean, postshock, that sectors follow different paths of adjustment. The public and politicians appear to desire that economic activity returns to prepandemic norms-but this is far from assured. In the case of the Canadian agri-food industry, the postshock path of adjustment appears to be returning to the preshock equilibrium, or near to it. This provides a familiar and stable anchor for those whose lives are otherwise considerably disrupted by the pandemic. The multilateral international trade system has long been in need of reform-reforms that would benefit Canada's agri-food exporting sector. The pandemic has raised trade issues that require urgent action and some countries see this as an opportunity for reform. Canada has been at the forefront of this activity through the fostering, hosting, and chairing of the Ottawa Group of 13 World Trade Organization members that have been charged with bringing forward proposals for reform that will break the log jam in multilateral negotiations. The work of the Ottawa Group is examined and the likelihood of the initiative succeeding assessed.

关键词： COVID-19   International trade   Gravity equation   Import   Export  

摘要： This study investigates how the effects of COVID-19 on international trade changed over time. To do that, we explore monthly data on worldwide trade from January to August in 2019 and 2020. Specifically, our study data include the exports of 34 countries to 173 countries. We estimated the gravity equation by employing various variables as a proxy for the COVID-19 damage. Our findings can be summarized as follows: First, regardless of our measures to quantify the COVID-19 pandemic, we found significantly negative effects of COVID-19 on the international trade of both exporting and importing countries. Second, those effects, especially the effects of COVID-19 in importing countries, tended to become insignificant since July 2020. This result implies that the harmful impacts of COVID-19 on international trade were accommodated after the first wave of the pandemic to some extent. Third, we found heterogeneous effects across industries. The negative effects on non-essential, durable products persist for a long time, whereas positive effects in industries providing medical products were observed.

关键词： 国际贸易   英语   高等学校   教材  

ISBN: (纸本)9787566322692

摘要： 本教材在《国际贸易专业英语（第四版）》的基础上做了较大的改进，根据国际贸易理论和实务的最新发展进行了补充、更新和完善。修订版（第五版）的教材共分十三章，根据我国高等学校双语教学的要求和国际贸易专业教学的特点，精选了国际贸易理论、国际贸易政策的目标和手段、国际贸易方式、国际收支、国际贸易壁垒、GATT和WTO、多哈回合、自由贸易协议、国际贸易术语、合同与要约、付款方式（分两章）、运输和物流等方面的优秀文章，涵盖了国际贸易专业的主要内容。

关键词： Financial development   International trade   CO2 emissions   PSTR   Low-income countries  

摘要： Environmental degradation has severely affected the natural cycle of ecosystem. It's high time now and humans should execute strategies effectively to protect the further degradation. Initially, we need to understand the ways that might affect the environment. Thus, existing research is designed to explore the nonlinear association between financial development (FD) and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in the context of low-income countries by employing the yearly data of 1990-2016. The panel smooth transition regression model (PSTR) is applied, and the result confirmed that the nexus between the two variables are nonlinear. Moreover, it also shows that at a low regime, FD increases the CO2 emissions but as the economy of low-income states progress to the high regime, the association between the two variables becomes negative and significant. The study also confirms that FD can reduce CO2 emissions once it reaches a certain threshold point. Based on these findings, new insights are provided for the policymakers, and several policies are suggested to improve the environmental quality in low-income countries.

关键词： Economic growth   International trade   Urbanization   CO2 emission   sub-Saharan Africa   Quantile regression  

摘要： International trade and urbanization are increasing at an unprecedented rate in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The region has also witnessed a fair share of economic growth, with minimal investment and consumption of renewables. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of economic growth, international trade, and urbanization on CO2 emissions in SSA. The current study enriches the existing literature by employing the panel quantile regression analysis to account for existing levels of CO2 emissions in the region. Empirical findings reveal that GDP increases CO2 emissions across quantiles, especially in countries where the existing level of CO2 emissions is low. International trade improves environmental sustainability in countries where the existing levels of CO2 emissions are at their lowest and highest levels but exacts a reversed impact on CO2 emissions at the median. Further findings suggest that urbanization increases CO2 emissions across the observed quantiles with a more pronounced effect in countries where the existing levels of CO2 emissions are at its lowest level. The study also reveals a bi-directional causality between economic growth, international trade, urbanization, and the emissions of CO2. The limitations of the study and possible direction for future research have been highlighted. Policy directions are discussed.

关键词： 经济学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787030674524

摘要： 国际贸易学作为一门古老而年轻的学科，日益显现出更加蓬勃旺盛的生命力。本书全面系统地介绍了国际贸易的基本理论与政策。全书分为国际贸易理论篇和国际贸易政策篇。其中，国际贸易理论篇主要介绍古典贸易理论、新古典贸易理论、新贸易理论、国际服务贸易理论、跨国公司、新经济地理学理论、异质性企业贸易理论；国际贸易政策篇主要介绍国际贸易政策、出口鼓励与出口管制政策、经济全球化与发展中国家对外开放。

摘要： This study aims to investigate the influence and the direction causal relationship between energy consumption and the selected explanatory variables in Nigerian economic system. Using ARDL-VECM over the period of 1972-2014, the results are that financial development exerts negative and significant influence on energy consumption. Trade openness and urbanisation exert positive and significant effect on energy consumption both in the short and long run, the active age (15-64) and old age (65 and >) have different effects on energy consumption. Although the number of the older population (age 65 and above) causes the energy consumption level to fall, the size of the working/active population (age 15-64) causes the energy consumption level to increase. Further results revealed (i) unidirectional causality runs from working population to energy consumption, (ii) uni-directional causality runs from energy consumption to credit to private sector, (iii) uni-directional from trade openness to real GDP per capita, (iv) bi-directional causal relationship is observed between urbanisation and energy consumption, (v) bi-directional relationship between trade openness and energy consumption. These findings may be a guide to policymakers in evaluating Nigerian economy's energy needs and effective energy policies needed to address environmental issues related to fossil fuel use.

关键词： Service trade   Profit shifting   Tax evasion   Tax avoidance   Multinational firms   Tax havens  

摘要： This paper provides the first comprehensive study of profit shifting through service trade inside multinational firms. The analysis employs a unique firm-level dataset with detailed information about service trade and foreign affiliates for virtually all multinational firms in Germany. We find patterns consistent with profit shifting in service categories such as intellectual property (patents and trademarks), headquarter services (administration, management and advertizing), information services (data processing and storage) and financial services (investment, lending and money management). In these service categories, trade with affiliates in tax havens is skewed towards imports and the internal service providers in tax havens earn significant excess profits that vary strongly with the value of their internal service sales. These patterns are suggestive that multinational firms operate tax haven entities that sell overpriced services to affiliates in order to erode their taxable profits and reduce the global tax bill. While total service imports from tax havens are very large, our estimates suggest that Germany's loss of government revenue from mispriced service imports from tax havens is relatively modest, less than & euro;1 billion per year. (c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： 国际结算   高等学校   教材   国际贸易  

ISBN: (纸本)9787568926201

摘要： 本教材是与《国际结算》配套的实验教材。本教材结合本科教育的特点和目标，重点介绍国际结算实务，涉及国际结算业务的各主要方面，力图以实验的方式帮助读者理解和掌握国际结算业务，具有很强的实务性和操作性。本教材在撰写中贯彻实验操作与国际惯例、中国商业银行国际结算相结合的原则，通过大量的图表演示和系统性的操作练习，帮助学生掌握国际结算知识。本书可以作为高等院校的金融相关专业本科生的教材，也可作为从事国际结算工作的专业人士的工具书。