关键词： 新发展阶段   自立自强   中国科学技术大学   数学算法   潘建伟   量子计算   科技支撑   战略支撑  

摘要： 在我国即将进入新发展阶段的关键时期,我们要深刻领悟把科技自立自强作为国家发展的战略支撑的重大意义,树立更加强烈的使命感和责任感。2020年12月4日,中国科学技术大学宣布该校潘建伟等人成功构建76个光子的量子计算原型机"九章",求解数学算法高斯玻色取样只需200秒。这一突破使我国成为全球第二个实现"量子优越性"的国家。

关键词： 停车场   蓝牙   诱导系统   数学算法   智能化  

摘要： 随着经济的不断发展和人民生活水平的提高,居民的汽车保有量在不断增加,城市停车位已不足以满足日益增长的机动车数量,驾驶者对停车场位置的不熟悉,以及相关的信息不了解,已频繁出现停车问题。该文介绍了基于蓝牙传输的泊位诱导系统,采用蓝牙和语音技术对驾驶者进行诱导泊车,大大节省了驾驶者的寻车位时间,一定程度上减少了停车场内部拥堵的问题。利用数学算法,对车辆停放情况进行优化测算,给驾驶者提供车位,利用摄像头对车辆停放情况进行检测,优化停车场的资源配置。使整个停车场的智能化水平大大提高,同时可为用户节省时间成本。

关键词： 计算方法   C语言   计算器设计  

摘要： 阐述使用C语言编写未知数中的二次方程,三次方程和多个线性方程的解,分析每种方法的操作原理,检查计算结果,包括使用公式方法、牛顿切线方法、Jacobi迭代方法、Gaus-Seidel迭代方法。

关键词： 数字算法   计算机编程   C语言  

摘要： 本文将就数学算法在计算机编程中的优化意义分析展开讨论,阐述我国计算机与数学算法的发展形式,研究其计算机编程现状以及发展水准,分析数学算法对计算机编程的优化意义。

关键词： 超级计算机   量子计算   国际学术期刊   谷歌   中国科学技术大学   数学算法   潘建伟   九章  

摘要： 2020年12月4日,中国科学技术大学潘建伟、陆朝阳团队,成功构建了76个光子的量子计算原型机“九章”。“九章”求解数学算法“高斯玻色取样”只需200秒,而目前世界最快的超级计算机“富岳”要用6亿年,且等效地比谷歌的“悬铃木”快一百亿倍。这一研究成果使我国成功达到了量子计算研究的第一个里程碑,实现量子计算优越性,相关论文于当日在线发表在国际学术期刊《科学》上。

关键词： 海底残骸   视觉分割   线性OTSU   连通区域   数学形态学  

摘要： 为了提高机器人海底残骸探测过程中视觉分割的准确性,提出了一种融合线性OTSU和数学形态学的视觉分割算法。首先对海底残骸图像进行灰度化预处理;然后进行自适应线性OTSU的阈值分割;最后对分割出的二值图像进行去噪优化。三种不同残骸目标的测试结果表明,与传统阈值分割算法和改进Bernsen算法相比,融合线性OTSU和数学形态学的海底残骸视觉分割算法不仅保证了高检出率,而且有效将误检率平均降低了35.1%,从而验证了文中算法的有效性。

关键词： 有理数加法   简化运算   运算法则   数的运算   数系   运算律   教学研究   渗透  

摘要： 从小学到初中,数系扩充,每扩充一次,我们面对新的数系,会先学习一些相关概念,然后就是在新数系下如何进行运算,数的运算靠的是“两条脚”向前走,即探究、归纳运算法则,灵活运用运算律简化运算.可见,数的运算法则的教学研究值得我们关注.本文将从有理数加法运算的教学说起,兼谈笔者对运算法则教学的思考,以及如何通过运算法则教学,向学生渗透数学研究方法.

关键词： Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART)   Richardson–   Lucy (RL) algorithm   Point spread function (PSF)   Percent root mean square error (PRMSE)   Structural similarity index (SSIM)  

摘要： We developed a new image-restoration method that incorporates the point spread function (PSF) into the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART-PSF). Additionally, through simulation studies, we investigated the usefulness of the method in comparison with the Richardson-Lucy (RL) algorithm. In the simulation studies, degraded images were generated by convolving magnetic resonance imaging-based brain images with PSF and adding Gaussian or Poisson noise to them to simulate various noise levels. The effects of the number of iterations N, noise, and PSF error on the processed images were quantitatively evaluated using the percent root mean square error (PRMSE) and mean structural similarity index (mSSIM). After applying the SART-PSF to images degraded using Gaussian noise, the PRMSE value and increase thereof, when N was increased, were smaller than those when using the RL algorithm. The mSSIM value was higher and its decrease upon increasing N was smaller than that of the RL algorithm. When Poisson noise was assumed, the differences in PRMSE and mSSIM between both methods were smaller than those when Gaussian noise was assumed. When the PSF error was negative, its effect on PRMSE and mSSIM was similar for both methods. However, when it was positive, the deterioration of these parameters for the SART-PSF was less than that for the RL algorithm in both the Gaussian and Poisson noise cases. The results suggest that the SART-PSF is more robust against noise and a PSF error than the RL algorithm and, thus, can be used as an alternative to the RL algorithm.

关键词： PV module   Parameter extraction   Mathematical modeling   Double-diode model  

摘要： The accurate and efficient model development for photovoltaic (PV) system is crucial for potential assessment under variable operating conditions. In order to predict the performance of a PV system, this paper presents a robust and reliable hybrid method which is a combination of analytical and social learning differential evolution (SL-DE) to extract the unknown parameters of double diode PV model. Since these parameters are unknown for accurate modeling of the SPV system, the accurate parameter extraction is essential. Under the present study, the performance of four different kinds of PV modules are evaluated. The experiments have been conducted under controlled and uncontrolled environmental conditions to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed technique. The results obtained from the proposed methodology can be useful to effectively predict the performance under low irradiance conditions and also for partial shading conditions. An attempt has also been made to compare the proposed technique with other popular techniques which revealed that the proposed methodology is superior with the others under similar conditions.

关键词： 计算思维   下定义   趣味数学   非专业   趣味编程   概念辨析   形成共识   方向性  

摘要： 0引言计算思维谈了十多年了。如果于概念辨析的层面探讨,似乎还没有形成共识的"定义"。事实上,并非任何事情都要先搞清楚定义才能展开内涵研究和实践,许多方向性的话题,本就不好下定义。然而,十多年没搞清楚定义,却还有人愿意继续谈,一定是这个词语后面蕴涵着某种比较广阔的人们觉得有价值的东西。于是,可以重点讨论或者展示些具体的做法和例子。是否属于计算思维的范畴,有些不同的看法也正常,重点是事情具体了,价值就容易判断。