摘要： This thesis documents the development of several computational algorithms and methods in the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology. The first problem studied is that of codon usage in prokaryotes. A series of calculations was performed on codon usage data from 101 completely sequenced prokaryotes (both bacteria and archae bacteria) to help us graphically understand how these organisms use codons and to give us clues about what drives their codon bias. The second study aimed to develop an algorithm for identifying domain boundaries in protein sequences using only the information contained in those sequences. We developed an algorithm that identifies amino acid patterns that appear to be enriched at domain boundaries, builds a database of these patterns, and uses them to score unknown sequences. In the process of developing the algorithm, we identified some unusual features of some amino acids themselves that may shed light on some ontological questions regarding the need for all 20 amino acids (e.g. what are the functional differences between closely related amino acids like aspartic acid and glutamic acid). The third project was to search the human expressed sequence tag (EST) database for polymorphisms of immunoglobulin A (IgA) genes. In particular, we were out to identify not single nucleotide polymorphisms (or SNP's, something that has already been done in several important studies), but groups of amino acid changes that might be coordinated on the same set of EST's for some functional purpose. The three just described studies fall under the rubric of bioinformatics. On the computational biology side, we developed various tools for the fitting and validation of differential equation models to the binding kinetics of human immunoglobulin (antibodies) to mouse neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Understanding of the Fc-FcRn interaction has been shown to be critical to predicting the in vivo half-life of antibodies. Unable to validate the standard model of the

关键词： 边缘检测   数学形态学   形态梯度  

摘要： 为有效提取边缘密度大的遥感图象中的边缘信息,该文提出了一种利用灰度形态变换原理进行检测的有效算法,首先利用开-闭形态滤波器降低输入图象的噪声,然后将二值图象的边缘提取算法推广到灰度图象中加以应用。实验结果证明,此方法优于灰度形态梯度法,同时也优于Canny算子。

关键词： 数据挖掘   学习算法市场值函数   lift   评价  

摘要： 线性市场值函数模型是用来解决目标销售中识别潜在顾客的一种方法。该文将三个经典的机器学习算法(WH算法、EG算法和EG±算法)应用到该模型上,从而求得市场值函数,并实现了一个实验系统。实验结果表明这些学习算法在线性市场值函数模型的应用是有效可行的。

关键词： 软件开发   书评   《算法与数学专题》   计算机  

摘要： 科学泰斗Stephan Hawking、软件开发权威Gerald Weinberg和人类学专家Cliford Geertz都喜欢讲一个关于乌龟的笑话(版本略有不同）：一个英国殖民者和印度老头儿聊天，后者谈起他们的世界现：整个世界都托在一个大盘子上，而大盘子呢．是由一头大象驮着。英国人被吊起了胃口：“那么，大象下面又是什么?”“

关键词： 小学   数学教学   数学学习   能力培养   数学规律  

摘要： 数学的外延不仅包括以应用程式为特征的算法数学,还包括规定、规律、模式、策略等'非算法数学'.提倡数学教育跟现实生活接轨,我们就应当让学生会用数学的眼光,尤其是用'非算法数学'的眼光去看待生活.

关键词： MUSCLE contraction   STRESS (Physiology)   CELLS   BIOPHYSICS  

摘要： Two classes of mathematical framework have previously been developed to model active tension generation in contracting muscle. Cross-bridge models of muscle are biophysically based but computationally expensive to solve, and thus unsuitable for embedding in spatially distributed continuum representations. Fading memory models are computationally efficient but provide limited biophysical insight. In this study a novel computational method is proposed for coupling these two frameworks such that biophysical events can be determined and computational tractability maintained. Within the cross-bridge model, the functional forms of the distribution of cross-bridges, as a function of strain in each state, are approximated using the distribution moment approach. Using the variables of area, mean and standard deviation of each distribution, analytic expressions are developed to calculate the temporal dynamics of stiffness, tension and energy. A root finding method is employed to adjust the variables such that the temporal dynamics of the cross-bridge model match those of an equivalent fading memory model. The method is demonstrated for sinusoidal perturbations in length at two frequencies, with an approximate 30-fold increase in computational efficiency over a conventional technique for finding a solution to the cross-bridge model. (C) 2003 Society for Mathematical Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 基因   数学算法   纳米   经络   中医现代化   创新思维   信息技术   遗传压缩   染色体  

摘要： 1 遗传压缩*发生在染色体上的信息技术染色体发生在真核细胞有丝分裂过程中.相对原始的原核细胞,真核细胞细胞进化程度高,相应包含的遗传信息亦庞大、复杂得多.怎样才能高效而又不失真地将数额巨大的遗传密码传送到下一代?对比现代信息技术可看到:染色体的缩聚、复制、解聚过程与数字通讯的信息压缩、传送、解压过程是多么地相似--为高保真地提高传输效率,真核细胞有丝分裂过程,就是先将遗传信息压缩成染色体,复制成双份后,再在两新生细胞中染色体解压成各细胞器的过程!这一染色体压缩算法可令真核细胞有丝分裂过程中遗传信息的传递量大减!

关键词： 课程改革   小学   数学   算法优化   算法多样化   探究性学习   个性化教学  

摘要： 在对国家基础教育课程改革实验区教学工作调研的基础上，我们认为实验区在教学改革方面进行了初步实验并取得有效成果，方向是正确的。同时应处理好基础教育课程总目标(阶段性目标)与各堂课具体目标的关系，注重教师在新教学方式里指导作用的发挥，关注探究性学习、合作学习、自主学习的真实含义与价值，努力开拓个性化教学的现实途径，重视中小学数学教学中算法优化和算法多样化的关系。

关键词： 教学评估   教学质量   评估方法   评估模型   随机过程   模糊数学   马尔可夫链   模糊综合评判  

摘要： 阐述了基于马尔可夫链和模糊综合评判的教学质量评估方法 ,提出了一种教学评估模型 ,并给出了算法 .该算法对教学质量进行自动、合理、有效的评判 .

关键词： TOPOLOGY   GEOMETRY  

摘要： We present constructive algorithms to determine the topological type of a non-singular orientable real algebraic projective surface S in the real projective space, starting from a polynomial equation with rational coefficients for S. We address this question when there exists a line in RP3 not intersecting the surface, which is a decidable problem;in the case of quartic surfaces, when this condition is always fulfilled, we give a procedure to find a line disjoint from the surface. Our algorithm computes the homology of the various connected components of the surface in a finite number of steps, using as a basic tool Morse theory. The entire procedure has been implemented in Axiom. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.