关键词： 运动训练   疲劳   恢复  

摘要： 运动员在训练过程中出现疲劳现象是必然的,对于这样复杂性的形成过程,轻者大多是在成绩提升或技术发挥等方面受到影响,而情况严重者则更多的是身体机能和健康受到损害,为了保护运动者的身体健康,我们有必要在日常训练过程中将“消除疲劳”科学实施起来。随着时代的不断进步,人们逐渐将运动生理学与运动医学融合在一起,这自然提高了训练恢复在运动训练过程中的地位,只有科学的认识和理解运动恢复机理,掌握正确疲劳消除的方法,才能够避免在运动训练过程中身体受到较大损害,并加速自身身体机理恢复速度。

关键词： 运动   肾疾病   治疗  

摘要： 慢性肾脏病的管理不再局限于传统的治疗方法,近年来慢性肾脏病的运动训练治疗研究越来越多。本文从心血管疾病、运动能力、蛋白能量消耗、肌肉力量、慢性炎症、肾功能六个方面阐述运动训练对于慢性管肾脏病管理的重要性。

关键词： 训练基地   秘密   运动训练  

摘要： 暑假伊始，我开始了每天在楼下跳绳的运动训练。可是今天，爸爸带我去了一个新的地方进行锻炼。

摘要： Background. Evidence-based guidelines are needed to inform rehabilitation practice, including the effect of number of exercise training sessions on recovery of walking ability after stroke. Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the response to increasing number of training sessions of 2 interventions-locomotor training and strength and balance exercises-on poststroke walking recovery. Design. This is a secondary analysis of the Locomotor Experience Applied Post-Stroke (LEAPS) randomized controlled trial. Setting. Six rehabilitation sites in California and Florida and participants' homes were used. Participants. Participants were adults who dwelled in the community (N=347), had had a stroke, were able to walk at least 3 m (10 ft) with assistance, and had completed the required number of intervention sessions. Intervention. Participants received 36 sessions (3 times per week for 12 weeks), 90 minutes in duration, of locomotor training (gait training on a treadmill with body-weight support and overground training) or strength and balance training. Measurements. Walking speed, as measured by the 10-Meter Walk Test, and 6-minute walking distance were assessed before training and following 12, 24, and 36 intervention sessions. Results. Participants at 2 and 6 months after stroke gained in gait speed and walking endurance after up to 36 sessions of treatment, but the rate of gain diminished steadily and, on average, was very low during the 25-to 36-session epoch, regardless of treatment type or severity of impairment. Limitations. Results may not generalize to people who are unable to initiate a step at 2 months after stroke or people with severe cardiac disease. Conclusions. In general, people who dwelled in the community showed improvements in gait speed and walking distance with up to 36 sessions of locomotor training or strength and balance exercises at both 2 and 6 months after stroke. However, gains beyond 24 sessions tended to be very modest. The t

关键词： Visual feedback   Stroke   Movement smoothness   Microsoft Kinect  

摘要： The present paper describes the design and test of a low-cost Microsoft Kinect-based system for delivering adaptive visual feedback to stroke patients during the execution of an upper limb exercise. Eleven sub-acute stroke patients with varying degrees of upper limb function were recruited. Each subject participated in a control session (repeated twice) and a feedback session (repeated twice). In each session, the subjects were presented with a rectangular pattern displayed on a vertical mounted monitor embedded in the table in front of the patient. The subjects were asked to move a marker inside the rectangular pattern by using their most affected hand. During the feedback session, the thickness of the rectangular pattern was changed according to the performance of the subject, and the color of the marker changed according to its position, thereby guiding the subject's movements. In the control session, the thickness of the rectangular pattern and the color of the marker did not change. The results showed that the movement similarity and smoothness was higher in the feedback session than in the control session while the duration of the movement was longer. The present study showed that adaptive visual feedback delivered by use of the Kinect sensor can increase the similarity and smoothness of upper limb movement in stroke patients.

关键词： concussion   health disparities   athletic trainer   high school  

摘要： Objective: First, to assess whether teams at schools with an athletic trainer (AT) on staff had a higher number of diagnosed concussions than teams without medical personnel present. Second, to assess whether the variability in employment of a certified AT by Washington state high schools is patterned by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Washington state public high schools. Participants: Stratified random sample of football and soccer coaches (n = 270 teams, 144 schools). Independent Variables: Presence of an AT and school characteristics (percentage of students qualifying for free or reduced price lunch, rural location, enrollment). Results: Football and boys' soccer teams at schools with an AT had a significantly greater number of athletes with diagnosed concussions compared to teams at schools without an AT (P < 0.05). There was no difference in number of athletes with diagnosed concussions by AT staffing for girls' soccer. Schools with an AT on staff were significantly more likely than schools without an AT to be in an urban location (P < 0.001), to have an enrollment of 1000 students or more (P < 0.001), and to have a smaller proportion of students eligible for school lunch (P = 0.005). Conclusions: The present study provides empirical support for the benefit of ATs in diagnosing concussions in high school sport and underscores the challenges to AT staffing in lower resource settings. These findings cause us to critically reflect on the threshold for medical oversight in contact and collision sport from the perspective of risk prevention, and the extent to which disparities in this medical oversight are acceptable in the public school setting. Clinical Relevance: Strategies for increasing AT staffing in high school sports settings should be explored given their demonstrated benefit in diagnosing concussions.

关键词： 游泳   运动训练   教材  

ISBN: (纸本)9787563553068

摘要： 主要面向体育专业学生、运动员、教练员及体育运动工作者，通过对健身人群和运动员营养需求、膳食要求等内容的介绍，指导人们针对不同的要求，合理地安排膳食、调理身心，以促进身体健康，提高运动成绩。

关键词： 运动训练教育   思想教育   方法  

摘要： 在运动训练中融人对运动员的思想品德教育是一种良好的教育方式,教练员在训练过程中要将培养符合社会发展人才的广度最大限度拓宽,针对新时期体育教学中的问题及时地进行改革,才能符合当前国家与体育事业对于人才的需求。只有通过切实有效的改革方案,注重学生的主体性,因材施教,才能真正地提高高校体育课程的教学质量。基于此本文分析了做好运动训练教育中的思想教育的方法。

关键词： Abdominal Fat/drug effects   Abdominal Fat/physiology   Aged   Aged, 80 and over   Blood Pressure/drug effects   Cholesterol, HDL/blood   Cholesterol, LDL/blood   Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage   Eating   Energy Intake   Exercise   Exercise   Female   Heart Rate/drug effects   Heart Rate/physiology   Humans   Male   Middle Aged   Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects   Muscle, Skeletal/physiology   Organ Size/drug effects   Triglycerides/blood  

摘要： The effect of small-sided team sport training and protein intake on muscle mass, physical function, and adaptations important for health in untrained older adults was examined. Forty-eight untrained older (72 +/- 6 (+/- standard deviation, SD) years men and women were divided into either a team sport group ingesting a drink high in protein (18 g) immediately and 3 h after each training session (TS-HP, n = 13), a team sport group ingesting an isocaloric drink with low protein content (3 g;TS-LP, n = 18), or a control group continuing their normal activities (CON, n = 17). The team sport training was performed as similar to 20 min of small-sided ball games twice a week over 12 weeks. After the intervention period, leg muscle mass was 0.6 kg higher (P = 0.047) in TS-HP, with no effect in TS-LP. In TS-HP, number of sit-to-stand repetitions increased (1.2 +/- 0.6, P = 0.054), time to perform 2.45 m up-and-go was lower (0.7 +/- 0.3 s, P = 0.03) and number of arm curl repetitions increased (3.5 +/- 1.2, P = 0.01), whereas in TS-LP only number of repetitions in sit-to-stand was higher (1.6 +/- 0.6, P = 0.01). In TS-LP, reductions were observed in total and abdominal fat mass (1.2 +/- 0.5 and 0.4 +/- 0.2 kg, P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively), heart rate at rest (9 +/- 3 bpm, P = 0.002) and plasma C-reactive protein (1.8 +/- 0.8 mmol/L, P = 0.03), with no effects in TS-HP. Thus, team sport training improves functional capacity of untrained older adults and increases leg muscle mass only when ingesting proteins after training. Furthermore, team sport training followed by intake of drink with low protein content does lower fat mass, heart rate at rest and level of systemic inflammation.