关键词： 现代职业教育   运动训练   教学改革  

摘要： 文章从现代职业教育体系的视角入手,通过对江苏省部分体育运动学校运动训练专业的调研,分析了中职运动训练专业教学现状、教学改革的紧迫性和面临的机遇等主观和客观因素,并从人才培养培养市场调研、课程设置与岗位技能衔接、加强稳定校企合作、加强专业课师资力量建设四个方面提出了有利于推动中职运动训练专业教学改革的建议,使其培养人的人才真正能够满足社会经济发展,满足老百姓健身的需求。

关键词： 慢性颈痛   颈部肌群   理筋正骨   运动训练   中频电  

摘要： 目的评价理筋正骨手法结合运动训练治疗慢性颈痛(chronic neck pain,CNP)的临床疗效。方法将65例CNP患者,随机分为治疗组33例和对照组32例,治疗组采用理筋正骨手法结合运动训练,对照组采用中频电疗法结合运动训练。治疗前后运用视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS)、颈部肌群肌耐力、表面肌电中位频率值(median frequency, MF)以及Northwick Park颈痛量表(Northwick Park Questionnaire, NPQ)对患者颈部功能进行评估、比较,并用中医病证诊断疗效标准进行疗效观察(评估过程采用盲法)。结果最终59例患者完成治疗,治疗组31例,对照组28例。与本组治疗前比较,两组治疗后疼痛减轻、颈部肌肉耐力提升、疲劳度下降,NPQ颈痛量表评分下降(均P<0.05);治疗组在疼痛和疲劳度改善情况上优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组总有效率[87.1%(27/31)]高于对照组总有效率[64.3%(18/28),P<0.05]。结论理筋正骨手结合运动训练可有效减轻CNP患者的疼痛,增加颈部肌肉耐力,减轻肌肉疲劳度,改善患者的生活质量,其疗效优于中频电疗法结合运动训练。

关键词： 肝纤维化   青蒿总黄酮   有氧间歇运动训练   炎症反应  

摘要： 利用青蒿总黄酮联合有氧间歇运动训练处理肝纤维化小鼠模型,检测肝纤维化小鼠模型中肝纤维化程度及炎症相关因子的变化,探究青蒿总黄酮及有氧间歇运动训练在治疗肝纤维化过程中的作用。取雄性Balb/c小鼠40只,刀豆蛋白A尾静脉注射成模后随机分为模型组(Model组)、黄酮组(FLA组)、运动组(TM组),联合组(FTM组)。用Masson染色检测各组小鼠肝脏纤维化程度,实时荧光定量PCR检测白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-10、IL-6以及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达;用ELISA方法检测IL-1β、IL-10以及TNF-α的表达。结果显示,与模型组相比,运动组及黄酮组肝纤维化程度显著降低,联合组纤维化程度极显著减少;黄酮组和运动组中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的转录水平显著低于模型组,联合组中含量极显著降低,IL-10呈现相反的趋势;血清中IL-1β、TNF-α的含量在黄酮组和运动组中亦显著下降,联合组中含量极显著下降,而IL-10含量则相反。说明青蒿总黄酮及运动训练联合使用能够有效降低小鼠模型中肝纤维化程度,降低肝脏炎症反应,提示其能够阻滞肝纤维化向肝癌的发展。

关键词： 少年运动训练   发展方向   探究  

摘要： 少年时期的运动训练具体走向是对竞技体育可持续性发展的重要影响因素之一。研究显示:针对少年时期运动训练所呈现出的运动操作方法手段年龄跨度较大、体能练习比重明显高于其他构成模块、运动康复手段匮乏所占训练比微乎其微等现象。笔者认为少年运动训练的发展方向应立足于竞技体育所涵盖的教育职能,对训练周期的运动强度及运动量进行宏观调控,达到最优化训练负荷水平,从而保障少年运动训练的科学有效性。

关键词： 运动训练   缺血预适应   生理性   血运重建术   冠心病患者   缺血性心脏病   经皮导管介入   血管生成  

摘要： 缺血性心脏病是世界范围内死亡人数增加的主要原因。尽管血运重建技术如手术血运重建术或经皮导管介入（percutaneous catheter intervention, PCI）的重大进展，血管生成疗法仍然是治疗缺血性疾病的中流砥柱。侧支循环对心肌缺血的发展具有重要意义。强化运动训练可促进冠心病患者侧支循环形成。然而高强度运动在冠心病患者治疗中已被限制。因此，有必要探索安全的诱导血管生成的方法。

关键词： 定向运动训练模式   高中体育   实践研究  

摘要： 定向运动训练模式是一种很好的方式,可以调动起学生参与积极性,使其在运动中感受到乐趣。在具体运用的时候要结合实际情况,采用多元化手段,这样才能满足不同需求。让学生意识到运动的重要性,有利于学生身心健康发展,使其逐渐养成良好的习惯。

关键词： 高中体育   中长跑   训练要点  

摘要： 作为高中体育教学的一项重要项目,中长跑训练在锻炼学生身体,培养顽强意志力和竞争意识等方面具有重要作用。力量、耐力和速度是提升高中生中长跑运动能力的三个基本要素,这就需要教师在教学中要强化学生的力量训练、耐力训练和速度训练等训练,否则容易影响高中生的训练效果,甚至造成肢体损伤。教师同时也要强化高中生心理训练,确保可以增强高中生中长跑运动训练有效性。本文笔者结合教学实际基于高中体育中长跑运动项目,着重就其训练要点进行了探讨,希望不断提升高中生开展中长跑训练的效果。

关键词： ATHLETIC trainers   DOCUMENTATION   HEALTH occupations students  

关键词： C-bouton   complete spinal cord transection   extrasynaptic region   muscarinic receptor M2   postsynaptic membrane   soleus and tibialis anterior -motoneuron  

摘要： Complete thoracic spinal cord transection (SCT) impairs excitatory cholinergic inputs to ankle extensor (soleus;Sol) but not to flexor (tibialis anterior;TA) -motoneurons (MNs) modifiable by locomotor training applied post-transection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Sol and TA MNs adapt to changes in cholinergic environment by differential regulation of their muscarinic receptors M2 (M2R). We examined Chrm2 (M2R gene) transcript level, high-affinity 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate-H-3 ([H-3]QNB) ligand binding, distribution and density of M2R immunolabeling in lumbar (L) segments in intact and SCT rats, with or without inclusion of 5-week treadmill locomotor training. We show that at the second week after SCT the levels of Chrm2 transcript are reduced in the L3-6 segments, with [H-3]QNB binding decreased selectively in the L5-6 segments, where ankle extensor MNs are predominantly located. At 5weeks after SCT, [H-3]QNB binding differences between the L3-4 and L5-6 segments are maintained, accompanied by higher density of M2R immunolabeling in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of TA than Sol MNs and by enriched synaptic versus extrasynaptic M2R pools (52% TA vs. 25% Sol MNs). Training normalized M2R in TA MNs, improved locomotion, and reduced frequency of clonic episodes. Our findings indicate higher sensitivity of TA than Sol MNs to cholinergic signaling after SCT, which might shorten flexor twitches duration and contribute to generation of clonic movements. Synaptic enrichment in M2R density may reflect a compensatory mechanism activated in TA and Sol MNs to different extent in response to reduced strength of cholinergic signaling to each MN pool. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see:

关键词： Spinal cord injury   Spasticity   Rehabilitation   Treadmill training   Scaffold  

摘要： The combinational effects of a bioengineered scaffold loaded with neurotrophins and rehabilitation training on spasticity observed after spinal cord injury (SCI) has not been studied. We used an animal model of moderate contusion injury at T9/T10 that received bioengineered scaffold poly N-isopropylacrylamide-g-poly ethylene glycol (PNIPAAm-g-PEG) loaded with BDNF/NT3 followed by body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and assessed the efficacy of the combinational bioengineered approaches in treating spasticity. Five animal groups were included: Group 1: Sham, Group 2: Injury (SCI), Group 3: SCI + BWSTT (BWSTT), Group 4: SCI + PNIPAAm-g-PEG loaded with BDNF/NT3 (Transplant), and Group 5: SCI + PNIPAAm-g-PEG loaded with BDNF/NT3 + BWSTT (Combinational). Results indicate no significant changes in the BBB scores of animals among various groups, however, a significant restoration in the rate depression property of H-reflex was observed in both BWSTT and Combinational animals. Transplant group reported no improvement in the rate depression property of H-reflex and were similar to SCI only group. Histological findings report restoration of the chloride cotransporter (KCC2) labeling in both BWSTT and Combinational animals and down-regulation of KCC2 in both SCI and Transplant only animals. Findings from this study confirm that rehabilitation training is critical in restoring H-reflex responses and transplantation therapies alone cannot restore these responses after SCI. Also, although no significant difference was observed between the BWSTT and Combinational animals, comparable improvements in the two groups does open new pathways to exploring unique tissue-engineering approaches with promising clinical application for individuals with SCI.