关键词： Golfers   ice-hockey players   muscle power   tennis players   trunk rotations  

摘要： BACKGROUND: The asymmetric loading of trunk muscles in sports like golf or tennis may cause side-to-side imbalances in rotational muscle strength and endurance. Such imbalances may be compounded by the presence of low back pain (LBP) and related injuries. However, trunk rotational power is a better predictor of athlete performance, and therefore its ability to reveal these asymmetries/dysbalances should be investigated. OBJECTIVE: This study compares peak and mean values of power during trunk rotations on the dominant and non-dominant side in golfers, ice-hockey players, tennis players, and an age-matched control group of fit individuals. METHODS: Groups of 17 golfers, 17 ice-hockey players, 21 tennis players, and 39 fit individuals performed standing trunk rotations to each side with a bar weight of 5.5, 10.5, 15.5, and 20 kg placed on the shoulders. Peak power and mean power in the acceleration phase of trunk rotations were measured using the FiTRO Torso Premium system. RESULTS: Peak power and mean power in the acceleration phase of trunk rotations were significantly higher on the dominant (D) than non-dominant (ND) side at weights of 5.5 kg (14 and 14%), 10.5 kg (17 and 14%), 15.5 kg (16 and 15%), and 20 kg (16 and 16%) in ice-hockey players, at 5.5 kg (14 and 13%), 10.5 kg (17 and 14%), and 15.5 kg (15% - only peak power) in tennis players, and at 5.5 kg (17 and 18%) and 10.5 kg (19 and 17%) in golfers. However, their values did not differ significantly at these weights (< 10%) in the age-matched control group. The D/ND ratio was the highest in ice-hockey players (1.18, 1.19), followed by golfers (1.16, 1.17) and finally tennis players (1.12, 1.16). CONCLUSION: Taking into account significantly higher trunk rotational power on the dominant than the non-dominant side in golfers, tennis players and ice-hockey players at lower and/or higher weights and no significant side-to-side differences in a control group of fit individuals, this parameter may be considered sp

关键词： 高强度间歇有氧运动训练   冠心病   PCI术   效果评价  

摘要： 目的评价将高强度间歇有氧运动训练应用于冠心病PCI术后患者的治疗中,并分析对心功能、运动耐力和生存质量的影响。方法选择本院2018年4月～2019年4月收治的60例冠心病PCI术后患者,根据电脑数字抽取法分成观察组30例和对照组30例,对照组采取中等强度间歇有氧运动训练,观察组采取高强度间歇有氧运动训练,对比两组运动方式的应用效果。结果同对照组比较,观察组患者运动训练后的心功能、运动耐力和生存质量均得到显著改善,且对治疗总满意度显著提高,心脑血管不良事件发生率较低,两组之间的数据差异较为明显,具备统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用高强度间歇有氧运动训练治疗的冠心病PCI术后患者的临床效果较好,使患者的心功能、运动耐力和生存质量得到有效改善。

关键词： 耗散结构理论   淄博市   少儿体育舞蹈   运动训练  

摘要： 响应教育部2018年高雅艺术进校园活动的通知,体育舞蹈作为体育与艺术相融合的艺术表演项目脱颖而出,少儿体育舞蹈尤为突出。而淄博市在推广少儿体育舞蹈训练方面具有多年经验,目前已形成少儿体育舞蹈训练的培训、教育、管理、赛事等多位一体的组织体系。本文参考国务院办公厅关于规范校外培训机构发展的意见,基于耗散结构理论,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地考察法、访谈法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等方法,提出了耗散结构视阈下淄博市少儿体育舞蹈训练现状的研究。本文主要对少儿体育舞蹈训练系统耗散结构特性的分析、以及淄博市少儿体育舞蹈训练现状进行分析。研究基于淄博市少儿体育舞蹈训练系统的“开放性”低,对“静态平衡”的固守和坚持,各要素之间“非线性”作用不明显,以及缺乏“涨落”难以达到“有序”的混沌现状,提出与之相对应的发展对策。为少儿体育舞蹈训练提供参考依据,推动少儿体育舞蹈科学化训练。本论文通过调查研究得出的结论:1、淄博市少儿体育舞蹈训练系统“开放”程度较低,导致各培训机构壁垒森严,信息闭塞;教师队伍和裁判员队伍交流不密切,教师自身素质和教育能力参差不齐。2、淄博市少儿体育舞蹈训练系统对“静态平衡”的固守与坚持,导致培训机构办学理念和管理制度更新不及时,场馆设施不健全,家长思想观念落后。3、淄博市少儿体育舞蹈训练系统“非线性”相互作用不明显,导致没有完整而系统的训练体系,训练内容缺乏创新;等级考试和比赛制度不健全,没有统一的评判标准。4、淄博市少儿体育舞蹈训练系统缺乏“涨落”效应点,导致当地政府和体育舞蹈协会的政策改革力度不大,培训机构运营缺乏“亮点”。建议:1、加强淄博市少儿体育舞蹈师资队伍建设,完善训练体系,采用多元化的训练方法,拓宽学生视野,增加趣味性,发展学生个性,增强学生理论知识的学习。2、淄博市少儿体育舞蹈协会应健全等级考试和比赛制度,完善裁判员队伍建设,制定统一的评判标准。3、淄博市各少儿体育舞蹈培训机构应互相交流,不断完善场馆设施配备,加大宣传力度,改变家长故步自封的思想,缓解学训矛盾,培训机构应为参训学生购买保险,应对突发事件的发生。

关键词： 运动训练管理   体育教学   实践探究   教学方式  

摘要： 运动训练是通过对从事竞技体验的运动员在生物学、社会学、心理学等科学指导下而进行的改造或锻炼,以适应参与高水平竞争的活动过程.运动训练管理是指管理者在遵循运动训练客观规律的基础上运用有效的手段和方法,为不断提高功效,实现训练工作目标,而对于运动训练进行的计划、组织、控制、协调的综合活动过程.素质教育观念以及新课程改革的深入,对体育教学的内容、教学方式产生了较大的影响,运动训练管理受到许多体育教师的青睐,但在实际的体育教学中,运动训练管理的应用还存在着许多的问题,本文通过简单分析运动训练管理的概念与流程,探究了运动训练管理在体育教学中的有效运用.

关键词： 脱髓鞘   运动   氧化应激   Cuprizone Nrf2  

摘要： 背景:中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病,如多发性硬化,以髓鞘破坏、少突胶质细胞凋亡等为主要病理特征,会引起严重的神经系统病变,极大地影响患者生活质量。目前越来越多研究针对其发病机制及治疗方法展开。而氧化应激是脱髓鞘疾病的重要发生机制之一。运动锻炼已被证明可以改善MS患者认知、运动等行为,但作用机制仍未被充分阐明。目的:评估运动训练对脱髓鞘小鼠认知、焦虑等行为的影响,是否可以减轻脱髓鞘及降低氧化应激反应。方法:54只7-8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠分成3个大组:对照组、造模组及运动组,每组各18只小鼠。对照组给予正常饲料喂养4周,不运动;造模组给予0.3%Cuprizone混合饲料连续喂养4周,且不运动;运动组给予0.3%Cuprizone混合饲料连续喂养4周.并且进行跑台训练(0坡度,跑台速度12m/min,每天训练20min,每周六天)。三组小鼠分别在第0、2、4周末依次进行水迷宫实验、转棒实验、高架十字迷宫实验及称重,随后,取脑标本进行胼胝体区的MBP免疫组化评估髓鞘脱失情况,以及ELISA分析ROS、Nrf2蛋白、HO-1蛋白表达水平以评估氧化及抗氧化反应。结果:与对照组相比,造模组小鼠从第2周开始焦虑行为显著增加(P<0.05),体重显著降低(P<0.05);相比于造模组,运动组小鼠在第4周焦虑行为显著改善(P<0.05),其体重在第2周时即显著增加(P<0.05)。三组间小鼠的学习记忆能力、运动协调能力无显著差异(P>0.05)。在第2周和第4周时与造模组相比,运动组的MBP蛋白、ROS、Nrf2蛋白和HO-1蛋白显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:运动训练可以减轻Cuprizone诱导的脱髓鞘小鼠的脱髓鞘,改善小鼠焦虑行为,增加小鼠体重,可能与减少ROS引起的氧化应激损伤有关,而潜在机制是通过Nrf2-ARE信号通路调控氧化应激,但仍需要进一步研究证实。

关键词： Instructional design   Health education   Educational technology   Curriculum development  

摘要： This study examined athletic training students' technology acceptance, knowledge, skill application, and perceptions regarding a distance-learning module and standardized patient (SP) encounter relative to telemedicine for athletic training clinical practice. Six athletic training programs delivered at the post-baccalaureate level voluntarily integrated the online module related to telemedicine in their curricula. Fifty-five second-year athletic training students participated in all parts of the study including four module quizzes, an individual SP encounter, and pre- and post-intervention surveys related to technology acceptance and transactional distance. I identified that participants had low acceptance for technology at the onset of the study that improved after the two-week intervention for the constructs of self-efficacy and perceived ease of use related to eLearning and the constructs of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude related to telemedicine. On the SP encounter, 87.3% of participants correctly communicated the diagnosis of a lateral ankle sprain with another 3.6% correctly communicating the diagnosis but referred the patient to another provider to confirm the diagnosis. Participants scored poorly in the constructs of data gathering and telemedicine but scored well in the constructs of communication/interpersonal skills and patient education. Overall, the sum score of all constructs on the SP encounter resulted in an average score of 30.15 ± 5.79 out of 50 (range 15–42; percentage: 60.29% ± 11.59%, range 30.0%–84.0%). The specific tasks with 98% adherence or higher included the student was in a quiet room, asked only one question at a time, conducted a thorough medical history, and provided an appropriate immediate care plan. I identified a significant improvement in confidence for “using telemedicine technology” from pre (M = 2.60 ± 0.83) to post (M = 3.49 ± 0.92) intervention (t(54) = -6.412, p ≤ 0.001). Most participants reported

关键词： 运动训练   运动训练科学   思维方式   实体   关系   简单性   复杂性　　sports training   sports training science   way of thinking   entity   relationship   simplicity   complexity  

摘要： 实体思维是运动训练科学研究的传统思维方式，它从本质和规律、原理和模式等视角科学地诠释运动训练的过程，探究运动训练的基本模式，构建运动训练理论体系，在很大程度上推动了运动训练科学研究的发展。但由于自身的局限和不足，面对运动训练中不断涌现的复杂性现象和问题，运动训练科学实体思维研究方式不断地陷入困境与迷惑之中。运动训练本质是一种关于身体关系的训练，同时运动训练复杂性也存在于其关系之中，由此，运动训练科学研究应回归到运动身体关系训练的本身。关系思维为运动训练科学研究提供了一种全新的视角和认识方式，以此关注运动训练科学理论研究和实践中的种种问题，这意味着运动训练科学研究活动已开始从“物的世界”向“人的世界”转变，运动训练科学研究的范式则从“简单性”向“复杂性”转变。

关键词： 高校运动训练   竞技体育   人才培养   策略  

摘要： 我国的运动竞技人才众多,国家对专业运动队的培养力度也比较大。近几年,对高校中的高校学生的运动训练也显得比较重视,当然,通过国家的支持,我国高校的运动训练也取得了一定的成就,培养了众多的体育人才,但是,在当前我国的高校运动训练与竞技体育人才的培养过程中,常常表现出培养方向单一,过度追求训练成果,对运动员的其他素质缺乏培养的现状。基于此,本文主要针对高校运动训练以及竞技体育人才培养的过程中出现的问题而提出一些行之有效的措施,为广大的工作者提供经验和借鉴。

关键词： Assistive technology   mobility device   paraplegia   physical activity   rehabilitation   technology   usability  

摘要： Aim: The main objectives of this study were to quantify clients' satisfaction and perception upon completion of a locomotor training program with an overground robotic exoskeleton. Methods: A group of 14 wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury, who finished a 6-8-week locomotor training program with the robotic exoskeleton (18 training sessions), were invited to complete a web-based electronic questionnaire. This questionnaire encompassed 41 statements organized around seven key domains: overall satisfaction related to the training program, satisfaction related to the overground robotic exoskeleton, satisfaction related to the program attributes, perceived learnability, perceived health benefits and risks and perceived motivation to engage in physical activity. Each statement was rated using a visual analogue scale ranging from "0 = totally disagree" to "100 = completely agree". Results: Overall, respondents unanimously considered themselves satisfied with the locomotor training program with the robotic exoskeleton (95.7 +/- 0.7%) and provided positive feedback about the robotic exoskeleton itself (82.3 +/- 6.9%), the attributes of the locomotor training program (84.5 +/- 6.9%) and their ability to learn to perform sit-stand transfers and walk with the robotic exoskeleton (79.6 +/- 17%). Respondents perceived some health benefits (67.9 +/- 16.7%) and have reported no fear of developing secondary complications or of potential risk for themselves linked to the use of the robotic exoskeleton (16.7 +/- 8.2%). At the end of the program, respondents felt motivated to engage in a regular physical activity program (91.3 +/- 0.1%). Conclusion: This study provides new insights on satisfaction and perceptions of wheelchair users while also confirming the relevance to continue to improve such technologies, and informing the development of future clinical trials. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION All long-term manual wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury who participated i

关键词： 骨折疏松脊柱压缩骨折   无痛运动训练   治疗疗效  

摘要： 目的探析女性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折患者经化无痛运动训练治疗的疗效情况。方法以接收的女性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折者72例为对象,根据数字随机抽样法分设组别。参考组选择采取常规疗法治疗,实验组选择采取无痛运动训练。观察经分别开展不同治疗后取得的临床疗效率情况。结果参考组患者的临床疗效率为75.00%,明显低于实验组的94.44%(P <0.05)。结论对女性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折者行无痛运动训练,其治疗效果良好,加快骨折部位恢复。