关键词： Gait   Rehabilitation   Plasticity   Hemiparesis   Angular momentum   Biomechanics  

摘要： Slow walking speed and lack of balance control are common impairments post-stroke. While locomotor training often improves walking speed, its influence on dynamic balance is unclear. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of a locomotor training program on dynamic balance in individuals post stroke during steady-state walking and determine if improvements in walking speed are associated with improved balance control. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected pre- and post-training from seventeen participants who completed a 12-week locomotor training program. Dynamic balance was quantified biomechanically (peak-to-peak range of frontal plane whole-body angular-momentum) and clinically (Berg-Balance-Scale and Dynamic-Gait-Index). To understand the underlying biomechanical mechanisms associated with changes in angular-momentum, foot placement and ground-reaction forces were quantified. As a group, biomechanical assessments of dynamic balance did not reveal any improvements after locomotor training. However, improved dynamic balance post-training, observed in a sub-group of 10 participants (i.e., Responders), was associated with a narrowed paretic foot placement and higher paretic leg vertical ground-reaction-force impulse during late stance. Dynamic balance was not improved post-training in the remaining seven participants (i.e., Non-responders), who did not alter their foot placement and had an increased reliance on their nonparetic leg during weight-bearing. As a group, increased walking speed was not correlated with improved dynamic balance. However, a higher pre-training walking speed was associated with higher gains in dynamic balance post-training. These findings highlight the importance of the paretic leg weight bearing and mediolateral foot placement in improving frontal plane dynamic balance post-stroke. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： 小学体育与健康   素质教育   运动训练   心理素质   团结互助  

摘要： 小学阶段的教学要更加重视素质教育,运用素质教育的理念实施具体的教学活动,在教学中渗透素质教育。小学体育与健康教学主要教学目标是培养和提升学生运动技能,以及教授学生健康生活知识,促进学生形成运动兴趣以及让学生形成运动锻炼的习惯。除此之外,在这个过程中教师还要注意培养学生综合素质,启发学生团结合作精神和帮助学生形成人际交往能力,提高学生心理素质和促进学生形成健康的心理,促进学生更好地成长和全面发展。根据这些内容,本文主要探究小学体育与健康教学中的素质教育渗透策略。

关键词： 脑卒中   吞咽运动训练   时间护理  

摘要： 深入探究脑卒中吞咽障碍患者运用吞咽运动训练联合时间护理的临床效果。方法:选取我院80例脑卒中吞咽运动障碍的患者作为研究对象,按照入院的先后顺序分为两个护理小组,每个小组40例脑卒中患者,在其他条件相同的情况下,对照组脑卒中患者进行吞咽运动训练来恢复,观察组脑卒中患者进行吞咽运动训练联合时间护理来恢复,比较两组脑卒中吞咽障碍患者护理后的临床效果。结果:对照组脑卒中患者的有效治疗率为75%,观察组脑卒中患者的有效治疗率为97.5%,两组脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的治疗效果差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用吞咽运动训练联合时间护理来治疗脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的治疗效果显著,能够促进患者吞咽功能的恢复,降低患者肺部并发症的发生率,是一项值得推广的应用。

关键词： 训练   手法   慢性踝关节不稳   治疗  

摘要： 探究运动训练结合手法治疗慢性踝关节不稳临床疗效。方法:选取湖北省第三人民医院阳逻院区康复科2018年1月至12月中符合慢性踝关节不稳的患者48例,采用踝关节运动训练法进行30次训练,同时配合手法治疗。运用《中医骨伤科疾病诊断疗效标准》中踝关节疾病疗效标准及美国骨科足踝医师协会(AOFAS)评分进行疗效评价,每6次训练之后进行一次评分,30次训练之后记录治愈、好转和无效的患者人数。结果:30次训练之后,治愈12例,好转29例,无效7例。踝关节AOFAS评分从初始得分58分上升至92分,期间每6次训练后平均得分分别为68、75、81、87、92。结论:运动训练结合手法治疗慢性踝关节不稳疗效显著,方法简易,值得临床推广。

关键词： 脑卒中   吞咽障碍   吞咽运动训练   时间护理   效果  

摘要： 总结并归纳脑卒中吞咽障碍患者运用吞咽运动训练联合时间护理的临床效果。方法:本文挑选我院70例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者为对象,将其纳入本研究。按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组30例和观察组40例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用吞咽运动训练联合时间护理。比较两组护理前后吞咽功能,以及护理期间误吸、呛咳、肺部感染等不良情况的发生率。结果:护理前,两组吞咽功能比较,组间数据经统计软件检验展示出P>0.05的结局,两组无分析意义,可比;护理后,采用吞咽运动训练联合时间护理的观察组在吞咽功能以及护理期间误吸、呛咳、肺部感染等不良情况发生率方面,均远优于对照组,组间数据经统计软件检验展示出P<0.05的结局,两组存在分析意义。结论:在脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的护理中,吞咽运动训练联合时间护理可改善患者吞咽功能,降低患者不良情况发生率,有利于改善其预后。

关键词： And adolescent   child   gait   gait training   locomotor training   spinal cord injury  

摘要： Purpose: Discuss the effectiveness of locomotor training (LT) in children following spinal cord injury (SCI). This intervention was assessed following an exhaustive search of the literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses: The PRISMA Statement as a guideline. Method: Six databases were searched including PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Web of Knowledge in January 2016 and November 2016, without date restrictions. Inclusion criteria were: studies in English and peer-reviewed and journal articles with a primary intervention of LT in children following SCI. Results: Twelve articles, reporting eleven studies, were included. A systematic review assessing locomotor training in children with SCI published in April 2016 was also included. Participants were ages 15 months to 18 years old. Forms of LT included body-weight supported treadmill or over ground training, functional electrical stimulation, robotics, and virtual reality. Protocols differed in set-up and delivery mode, with improvements seen in ambulation for all 41 participants following LT. Conclusion: Children might benefit from LT to develop or restore ambulation following SCI. Age, completeness, and level of injury remain the most important prognostic factors to consider with this intervention. Additional benefits include improved bowel/ bladder management and control, bone density, cardiovascular endurance, and overall quality of life. Looking beyond the effects LT has just on ambulation is crucial because it can offer benefits to all children sustaining a SCI, even if restoration or development of walking is not the primary goal. Further rigorous research is required to determine the overall effectiveness of LT.

关键词： 肺康复运动   中重度COPD患者   肺功能   运动耐力   生活质量  

摘要： 目的分析肺康复运动训练对中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的肺功能、运动耐力及生活质量的影响。方法选取COPD患者218例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各109例。观察组给予肺康复运动训练与常规护理相结合,对照组给予常规护理。治疗后对比两组心肺功能、生活质量、心理状况给予评分并评估治疗效果。结果治疗后,观察组AT高于对照组,VE/VCO2低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组SF-36评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论肺康复运动训练不能明显提高患者肺功能,但可以提高运动耐力,减轻患者呼吸困难症状,提高患者的生活质量和改善患者的心理状况。

关键词： 运动训练专业   乒乓球专项   教学问题   措施  

摘要： 本研究以安徽体育运动职业技术学院运动训练专业乒乓球专项班级内的所有体育生为研究对象,在学生不知实验的情况下,根据学生的乒乓球技术水平,按照同质性原则,将学生平分为 A、B 两组,运用文献资料法、访谈法、问 卷调查法和统计学处理法了解乒乓球专项课,分析问题,并提出解决措施,争取激发运动训练的主动性和积极性,提高教育质量。