关键词： 高中体育   中长跑   训练要点  

摘要： 作为高中体育教学的一项重要项目,中长跑训练在锻炼学生身体,培养顽强意志力和竞争意识等方面具有重要作用。力量、耐力和速度是提升高中生中长跑运动能力的三个基本要素,这就需要教师在教学中要强化学生的力量训练、耐力训练和速度训练等训练,否则容易影响高中生的训练效果,甚至造成肢体损伤。教师同时也要强化高中生心理训练,确保可以增强高中生中长跑运动训练有效性。本文笔者结合教学实际基于高中体育中长跑运动项目,着重就其训练要点进行了探讨,希望不断提升高中生开展中长跑训练的效果。

关键词： ATHLETIC trainers   DOCUMENTATION   HEALTH occupations students  

关键词： C-bouton   complete spinal cord transection   extrasynaptic region   muscarinic receptor M2   postsynaptic membrane   soleus and tibialis anterior -motoneuron  

摘要： Complete thoracic spinal cord transection (SCT) impairs excitatory cholinergic inputs to ankle extensor (soleus;Sol) but not to flexor (tibialis anterior;TA) -motoneurons (MNs) modifiable by locomotor training applied post-transection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Sol and TA MNs adapt to changes in cholinergic environment by differential regulation of their muscarinic receptors M2 (M2R). We examined Chrm2 (M2R gene) transcript level, high-affinity 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate-H-3 ([H-3]QNB) ligand binding, distribution and density of M2R immunolabeling in lumbar (L) segments in intact and SCT rats, with or without inclusion of 5-week treadmill locomotor training. We show that at the second week after SCT the levels of Chrm2 transcript are reduced in the L3-6 segments, with [H-3]QNB binding decreased selectively in the L5-6 segments, where ankle extensor MNs are predominantly located. At 5weeks after SCT, [H-3]QNB binding differences between the L3-4 and L5-6 segments are maintained, accompanied by higher density of M2R immunolabeling in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of TA than Sol MNs and by enriched synaptic versus extrasynaptic M2R pools (52% TA vs. 25% Sol MNs). Training normalized M2R in TA MNs, improved locomotion, and reduced frequency of clonic episodes. Our findings indicate higher sensitivity of TA than Sol MNs to cholinergic signaling after SCT, which might shorten flexor twitches duration and contribute to generation of clonic movements. Synaptic enrichment in M2R density may reflect a compensatory mechanism activated in TA and Sol MNs to different extent in response to reduced strength of cholinergic signaling to each MN pool. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see:

关键词： Spinal cord injury   Spasticity   Rehabilitation   Treadmill training   Scaffold  

摘要： The combinational effects of a bioengineered scaffold loaded with neurotrophins and rehabilitation training on spasticity observed after spinal cord injury (SCI) has not been studied. We used an animal model of moderate contusion injury at T9/T10 that received bioengineered scaffold poly N-isopropylacrylamide-g-poly ethylene glycol (PNIPAAm-g-PEG) loaded with BDNF/NT3 followed by body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and assessed the efficacy of the combinational bioengineered approaches in treating spasticity. Five animal groups were included: Group 1: Sham, Group 2: Injury (SCI), Group 3: SCI + BWSTT (BWSTT), Group 4: SCI + PNIPAAm-g-PEG loaded with BDNF/NT3 (Transplant), and Group 5: SCI + PNIPAAm-g-PEG loaded with BDNF/NT3 + BWSTT (Combinational). Results indicate no significant changes in the BBB scores of animals among various groups, however, a significant restoration in the rate depression property of H-reflex was observed in both BWSTT and Combinational animals. Transplant group reported no improvement in the rate depression property of H-reflex and were similar to SCI only group. Histological findings report restoration of the chloride cotransporter (KCC2) labeling in both BWSTT and Combinational animals and down-regulation of KCC2 in both SCI and Transplant only animals. Findings from this study confirm that rehabilitation training is critical in restoring H-reflex responses and transplantation therapies alone cannot restore these responses after SCI. Also, although no significant difference was observed between the BWSTT and Combinational animals, comparable improvements in the two groups does open new pathways to exploring unique tissue-engineering approaches with promising clinical application for individuals with SCI.

关键词： 体育运动   训练   运动   我国   训练方法  

摘要： 当前,我国对于体育运动又好又快发展的诉求不断提高。为寻求我国体育运动的发展,对于体育运动训练体系的研究与创新迫在眉睫。我国很多体育运动训练方法受到了诸多的质疑与挑战,主要原因在于体育运动训练的课程很长一段时间里较为轻视理论。其直接后果就是在一些已经实现跨越式突破的运动实践项目中,由于我国的运动训练方法理论的缺失,无法反哺于运动教学和运动训练实践,导致难以培育后续的体育运动人才。

关键词： 康复治疗   面肌运动训练   特发性面神经麻痹  

摘要： 目的 研究康复治疗结合面肌运动训练对特发性面神经麻痹治疗的临床价值.方法 将我院2017年3月到2018年3月期间收治的180例特发性面神经麻痹患者纳入研究,随机均分为对照组和观察组,每组90例患者.两组患者均给予传统药物治疗和理疗,观察组在此基础上结合面肌运动训练.对比两组患者Sunnybrook神经功能评分和临床治疗效果.结果 经为期21d的治疗后,观察组患者神经功能评分明显高于对照组;比较临床疗效,观察组患者治疗痊愈显效高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05).结论 康复治疗特发性面神经麻痹,结合面肌运动训练,可有效促进患者恢复,提高治疗痊愈显效率.

关键词： 田径运动   训练现状   管理路径  

摘要： 科学合理的体育管理措施,能够有效提高运动员竞技水平。文章在实践调研的基础上,分析了田径运动项目训练管理特点,并针对这些特点提出了具体管理方案和措施,供体育运动管理者参考。

关键词： 神经肌肉运动训练   膝骨关节炎   功能  

摘要： 目的观察并研究神经肌肉运动训练(neuromuscular exercise,NEMEX)对膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)患者在疼痛和功能改善方面的临床效果。方法 2016年12月—2017年12月选取符合纳入标准的70例退行性KOA患者随机分为对照组、观察组,每组各35例。观察组患者给予8周的NEMEX,对照组给予8周股四头肌肌力训练。分别于治疗前,治疗1、2、4、8周后采用西安大略与麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎评分量表(The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index,WOMAC)的疼痛量表和关节功能量表对患者进行评估。结果观察组患者治疗前和治疗1、2、4、8周WOMAC疼痛评分分别为(24.2±10.0)、(23.4±9.1)、(18.9±8.2)、(15.0±6.3)、(15.0±7.0)分,对照组分别为(25.6±9.8)、(24.1±9.2)、(20.2±8.8)、(15.2±6.0)、(11.4±5.3)分,两组治疗1周后的WOMAC疼痛评分较治疗前降低均不明显(P>0.05),但在治疗2、4、8周后WOMAC疼痛评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05);治疗前及治疗1、2、4周后两组组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗8周后两组组间差异有统计学意义(t=2.439,P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗前和治疗1、2、4、8周WOMAC功能评分分别为(94.3±31.0)、(81.8±28.3)、(68.9±22.1)、(34.0±15.1)、(22.0±8.0)分,对照组分别为(92.7±31.8)、(82.6±29.3)、(75.2±22.9)、(52.2±20.0)、(43.4±18.2)分,治疗1、2、4、8周后两组患者的WOMAC功能评分较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.05);治疗前及治疗1、2周后两组组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),在治疗4、8周后观察组功能优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=–4.287、–6.355,P<0.05)。结论 NEMEX与股四头肌肌力训练在缓解KOA导致的疼痛方面具有相近的临床效果。且两种训练方式都能够有效提高患者的功能水平,NEMEX较股四头肌肌力训练改善更明显。

关键词： 心血管疾病   日常运动量   绝经后女性   危险因素  

摘要： 目的探讨绝经后女性增加身体活动量与运动训练对心血管疾病发生的影响。方法试验设计属于问卷调查访问,选择2015年1月—2015年12月就诊的停经女性为研究对象,以Cox比例风险回归模式分析研究对象在不同日常活动条件下的不良心血管事件风险及95%置信区间(95%CI)。结果身体活动中量组及身体活动高量组的风险比(aHR分别为0.39、0.64)显著低于身体活动低量组(aHR=1.00),95%CI分别为[0.47,0.86]和[0.29,0.54],绝经后身体活动量较高的女性心血管疾病危险因子较少。结论绝经后女性运动能力与心血管疾病的危险因子相关,可为今后心血管事件发生率或死亡率的预测指标,绝经后女性增加身体活动量与增强心肺功能,可减少绝经后女性罹患心血管疾病的危险因子,促进心血管健康。