关键词： 大学生   田径运动   激励理论   应用  

摘要： 激励理论是基于人的行为规律的研究的行为个体理论,目的是调动人工作、学习和生活的积极性。在大学生田径运动训练中,为了科学合理地制定训练目标和角色,使大学生增强自信心,实现运动训练预期目标,提高大学生身体素质,就需要将激励理论应用在基础科学的训练方法中,结合大学生的田径运动训练特点,重视激励理论教学,对激励理论的应用效果进行全面的分析。

关键词： 传统文化   体育教育   运动训练  

摘要： 体育教学活动的完善,离不开对教学素材和方式的完善。在研究体育活动完善的过程中,不少专家学者提出将传统茶文化与体育活动相结合,利用茶文化中所蕴含的文化底蕴和精神品质,在体育教学和运动训练过程中,丰富教学的素材和教学的方式,从而促进体育事业的发展。这具有一定的合理性。基于此,本文首先对传统茶文化进行了简单的概述,其次对茶文化与体育的渊源进行了分析,其中主要包括古代茶文化与体育、现代茶文化与体育两个方面;最后对传统茶文化应用于体育教育与运动训练的方法进行了探讨,其中主要包括以茶会友强体育、用茶提升体育修养、借茶丰富体育教学几个方面,希望能够通过简单的分析,可以为后研究者提供适当的借鉴参考意义。

关键词： high-intensity exercise   locomotor training   muscle synergy   non-negative matrix factorization  

摘要： Recent data demonstrate improved locomotion with high-intensity locomotor training (LT) in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI), although concerns remain regarding reinforcement of abnormal motor strategies. The present study evaluated the effects of LT intensity on kinematic and neuromuscular coordination in individuals with iSCI. Using a randomized, crossover design, participants with iSCI received up to 20 sessions of high-intensity LT, with attempts to achieve 70-85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax), or low-intensity LT (50-65% HRmax), following which the other intervention was performed. Specific measures included spatiotemporal variables, sagittal-plane gait kinematics, and neuromuscular synergies from electromyographic (EMG) recordings. Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between variables. Significant improvements in sagittal-plane joint excursions and intralimb hip-knee coordination were observed following high- but not low-intensity LT when comparing peak treadmill (TM) speed before and after LT. Neuromuscular complexity (i.e., number of synergies to explain >90% of EMG variance) was also increased following high- but not low-intensity LT. Comparison of speed-matched trials confirmed significant improvements in the knee excursion of the less impaired limb and intralimb hip-knee coordination, as well as improvements in neuromuscular complexity following high-intensity LT. These findings suggest greater neuromuscular complexity may be due to LT and not necessarily differences in speeds. Only selected kinematic changes (i.e., weak hip excursion) was correlated to improvements in treadmill speed. In conclusion, LT intensity can facilitate gains in kinematic variables and neuromuscular synergies in individuals with iSCI.

关键词： Coaching   growth   habits   intentionality   norms   play   pragmatism   reproduction   transformation  

摘要： The multidimensional concept of creativity has a much wider scope of application than disclosed by prevailing research on sporting creativity. In this area, creativity is mostly perceived, praised, and approached for its performative, in-game benefits. Pointing to the belief that creativity requires well-developed technical skills, this phenomenon is often treated as a performative end. When targeting creative match performances, the developmental and experiential benefits of creative activities may be neglected, and creativity may be reserved for the best offensive players. To nourish and nuance practical and scholastic dialogues, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities. This is accomplished by building on and articulating [Shilling, C. (2005). Body in culture, technology and society. London: SAGE] body-sociology, [Glaveanu, V. P. (2012). What can be done with an egg? Creativity, material objects, and the theory of affordances. The Journal of Creative BehaviorJournal of Creative Behavior, 46(3), 192-208. doi:, Glaveanu, V. P. (2016b). The psychology of creating: A cultural-developmental approach to key dichotomies within creativity studies. In The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 205-223). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:] socio-cultural notions about creativity, and [Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education- an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York, NY: The Free Press.] educational philosophy. Based on these positions, creativity is treated as a dynamic quality of action that is located in the transaction between the player and the specific situation (i.e. affordances, intentions, and norms). Hence, creativity regards the exploratory and playful processes of discovering, exploiting, and originating unusual action possibilities (i.e. acting on unperceived, unexploited, and uninvented affordances). Grounded in these ideas, we argue for the stimulati

关键词： 肺康复运动训练   肺癌   肺叶切除术   肺功能  

摘要： 目的:研究肺康复运动训练在肺癌肺叶切除术患者护理中的应用疗效。方法:选择我院2017年2月至2018年3月胸外科肺叶切除的患者42例,并以护理方式不同随机分为对照组与观察组,各21例。观察患者术后并发症发生率及术后一个月的FVC、FEVI及MVV指标。结果:观察组术后并发症发生率9.52%明显优于常规组38.1%(P<0.05)。术后一个月FVC、FEVI及MVV指标观察组各项指标均优于常规组(P<0.05)。结论:肺癌肺叶切除术后进行肺康复训练有良好的临床价值。

关键词： 体育运动训练   体育   教学  

摘要： 基于对体育运动训练原则及对体育教学启示的研究,首先,阐述体育运动训练基本内涵以及体育教学基本内涵。然后,对体育运动训练原则当中的自觉性原则、全面性原则进行分析。最后,分析体育运动训练原则对体育教学的启示,其中包括对教学内容的启示、对教学方法的启示。

关键词： 脑卒中   康复   电针   轴突再生   GAP-43   Neurocan  

摘要： 目的:观察早期强化运动训练与电针治疗对局部脑缺血大鼠再灌注后神经功能恢复的疗效并探讨其机制。方法:将65只健康成年SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组(5只)、大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注(MCAO)模型组(20只)、电针组(20只)、强化运动训练组(20只)。用线栓法建立右侧MCAO模型,电针组选取人中、百会穴给予电针刺激。强化运动训练组采用跑笼运动试验,观察4组大鼠的运动功能。选取24h、3d、7d、14d4个时间点,应用免疫组化方法检测脑缺血区皮层GAP-43及Neurocan阳性细胞的表达情况。采用神经症状评分评价造模情况及神经功能的恢复情况,TTC(2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑)染色观察大鼠局部脑缺血再灌注后梗死体积的大小。结果:2周后,强化运动训练组及电针组的神经症状评分明显低于模型组(P<0.05),并高于假手术组(P<0.05);强化运动训练组及电针组的脑梗死体积明显小于模型组(P<0.05),电针组与运动训练组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:脑缺血再灌注后早期强化运动训练或电针刺激能够减小脑梗死体积,促进脑缺血大鼠神经功能的恢复。早期康复治疗可上调脑缺血区GAP-43表达与下调Neurocan表达,可能是其促进脑损伤区中枢神经修复的重要机制之一。