关键词： high-intensity exercise   locomotor training   muscle synergy   non-negative matrix factorization  

摘要： Recent data demonstrate improved locomotion with high-intensity locomotor training (LT) in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI), although concerns remain regarding reinforcement of abnormal motor strategies. The present study evaluated the effects of LT intensity on kinematic and neuromuscular coordination in individuals with iSCI. Using a randomized, crossover design, participants with iSCI received up to 20 sessions of high-intensity LT, with attempts to achieve 70-85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax), or low-intensity LT (50-65% HRmax), following which the other intervention was performed. Specific measures included spatiotemporal variables, sagittal-plane gait kinematics, and neuromuscular synergies from electromyographic (EMG) recordings. Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between variables. Significant improvements in sagittal-plane joint excursions and intralimb hip-knee coordination were observed following high- but not low-intensity LT when comparing peak treadmill (TM) speed before and after LT. Neuromuscular complexity (i.e., number of synergies to explain >90% of EMG variance) was also increased following high- but not low-intensity LT. Comparison of speed-matched trials confirmed significant improvements in the knee excursion of the less impaired limb and intralimb hip-knee coordination, as well as improvements in neuromuscular complexity following high-intensity LT. These findings suggest greater neuromuscular complexity may be due to LT and not necessarily differences in speeds. Only selected kinematic changes (i.e., weak hip excursion) was correlated to improvements in treadmill speed. In conclusion, LT intensity can facilitate gains in kinematic variables and neuromuscular synergies in individuals with iSCI.

关键词： Coaching   growth   habits   intentionality   norms   play   pragmatism   reproduction   transformation  

摘要： The multidimensional concept of creativity has a much wider scope of application than disclosed by prevailing research on sporting creativity. In this area, creativity is mostly perceived, praised, and approached for its performative, in-game benefits. Pointing to the belief that creativity requires well-developed technical skills, this phenomenon is often treated as a performative end. When targeting creative match performances, the developmental and experiential benefits of creative activities may be neglected, and creativity may be reserved for the best offensive players. To nourish and nuance practical and scholastic dialogues, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities. This is accomplished by building on and articulating [Shilling, C. (2005). Body in culture, technology and society. London: SAGE] body-sociology, [Glaveanu, V. P. (2012). What can be done with an egg? Creativity, material objects, and the theory of affordances. The Journal of Creative BehaviorJournal of Creative Behavior, 46(3), 192-208. doi:, Glaveanu, V. P. (2016b). The psychology of creating: A cultural-developmental approach to key dichotomies within creativity studies. In The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 205-223). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:] socio-cultural notions about creativity, and [Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education- an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York, NY: The Free Press.] educational philosophy. Based on these positions, creativity is treated as a dynamic quality of action that is located in the transaction between the player and the specific situation (i.e. affordances, intentions, and norms). Hence, creativity regards the exploratory and playful processes of discovering, exploiting, and originating unusual action possibilities (i.e. acting on unperceived, unexploited, and uninvented affordances). Grounded in these ideas, we argue for the stimulati

关键词： 肺康复运动训练   肺癌   肺叶切除术   肺功能  

摘要： 目的:研究肺康复运动训练在肺癌肺叶切除术患者护理中的应用疗效。方法:选择我院2017年2月至2018年3月胸外科肺叶切除的患者42例,并以护理方式不同随机分为对照组与观察组,各21例。观察患者术后并发症发生率及术后一个月的FVC、FEVI及MVV指标。结果:观察组术后并发症发生率9.52%明显优于常规组38.1%(P<0.05)。术后一个月FVC、FEVI及MVV指标观察组各项指标均优于常规组(P<0.05)。结论:肺癌肺叶切除术后进行肺康复训练有良好的临床价值。

关键词： 体育运动训练   体育   教学  

摘要： 基于对体育运动训练原则及对体育教学启示的研究,首先,阐述体育运动训练基本内涵以及体育教学基本内涵。然后,对体育运动训练原则当中的自觉性原则、全面性原则进行分析。最后,分析体育运动训练原则对体育教学的启示,其中包括对教学内容的启示、对教学方法的启示。

关键词： 脑卒中   康复   电针   轴突再生   GAP-43   Neurocan  

摘要： 目的:观察早期强化运动训练与电针治疗对局部脑缺血大鼠再灌注后神经功能恢复的疗效并探讨其机制。方法:将65只健康成年SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组(5只)、大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注(MCAO)模型组(20只)、电针组(20只)、强化运动训练组(20只)。用线栓法建立右侧MCAO模型,电针组选取人中、百会穴给予电针刺激。强化运动训练组采用跑笼运动试验,观察4组大鼠的运动功能。选取24h、3d、7d、14d4个时间点,应用免疫组化方法检测脑缺血区皮层GAP-43及Neurocan阳性细胞的表达情况。采用神经症状评分评价造模情况及神经功能的恢复情况,TTC(2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑)染色观察大鼠局部脑缺血再灌注后梗死体积的大小。结果:2周后,强化运动训练组及电针组的神经症状评分明显低于模型组(P<0.05),并高于假手术组(P<0.05);强化运动训练组及电针组的脑梗死体积明显小于模型组(P<0.05),电针组与运动训练组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:脑缺血再灌注后早期强化运动训练或电针刺激能够减小脑梗死体积,促进脑缺血大鼠神经功能的恢复。早期康复治疗可上调脑缺血区GAP-43表达与下调Neurocan表达,可能是其促进脑损伤区中枢神经修复的重要机制之一。

关键词： 全方位密集运动训练   痉挛型脑性瘫痪   痉挛状态   运动状态  

摘要： 目的探讨全方位密集运动训练对痉挛型脑性瘫痪(SCP)患儿痉挛及运动状态的影响。方法选取2015年3月—2018年3月收治的SCP患儿100例,依据随机数字表法分为全练组和常规组各50例,常规组给予常规康复治疗,全练组在此基础上给予全方位密集运动训练,比较2组痉挛及运动状态、生活能力。结果全练组痉挛改善有效率(88.00%)明显高于常规组(64.00%),差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);全练组和常规组治疗1、3个月后粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)得分明显高于治疗前,全练组治疗1、3个月后GMFM、BBS、ADL得分明显高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论全方位密集运动训练可有效改善SCP患儿痉挛及运动状态,有利于提高患儿的生活能力,值得临床进一步推广。

关键词： 体育运动   运动损伤   素质   运动负荷  

摘要： 在体育运动训练中难免会遇到损伤现象,如何预防运动损伤,加强训练者机体机能,是运动员在进行训练活动中必须要考虑的问题。本文以运动中出现运动损伤的原因为切入点,系统地阐述了体育运动训练中运动损伤的预防对策,旨在进一步降低运动损伤现象的出现,帮助运动员完成机体机能训练目标,取得更好的运动成绩。

关键词： 激励理论   高校   田径运动   有效应用   训练  

摘要： 本文主要简单的介绍了激励理论的相关内容及应用必要性,了解激励理论的应用方式,通过对现阶段高校普通大学生田径运动训练中存在的问题进行分析,来探讨激励理论在高校普通大学生田径运动训练中的有效应用,以充分发挥激励理论的作用,强化大学生田径运动训练,提高训练水平,锻炼大学生的田径运动能力,促使大学生积极投身于田径运动中,从而保障我国高校普通大学生田径运动训练效果。

关键词： 高校   田径   教学   创新   运动员  

摘要： 从田径运动队的组成、田径运动队的生源情况、田径运动训练方式等方面分析高校田径运动训练的组织形式,分析高校田径运动训练的基本现状:田径运动训练中缺乏完善的教材理论、田径运动训练类型与形式单一化、田径运动训练力度与效果不够明显、田径运动的师资与经费不足。据此,提出提高高校田径教学训练中体能训练水平的对策,如:实行多元化的教学模式、丰富田径训练内容、实现多元化教学评价、完善训练体制和根据不同的实际情况选取适宜的训练内容等。