关键词:
Amnesty International
discrimination
ethics
human rights
Human Rights Watch
international organizations
law
NGOs
power
prejudice
racism
Ukraine
大赦国际
人权观察
伦理
人权
法律
偏见
权力
非政府组织
乌克兰
种族主义
歧视
国际组织
Amnistía Internacional
Human Rights Watch
ética
derechos humanos
derecho
prejuicio
poder
ONG
Ucrania
racismo
discriminación
organizaciones internacionales
摘要:
This commentary calls for a more critical relationship with human rights NGOs, specifically, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. I argue that their politics, positionality, and power are often obscured by their conflation as intrinsically imperfect organizations that yield power and influence with the moral principles of human rights and with international human rights law itself, which are popularly perceived as unimpeachable and sacred in a secular ethical way. I contend that this conflation—often a deliberate and strategic one espoused by the organizations themselves—undermines the integrity of their work and the capacity to hold them accountable for their human rights advocacy. I illustrate ways in which both organizations have neglected to respect human rights and, specifically, principles of equality and universality. I further argue that both organizations need to be humbler and more honest about the moral, legal, and practical limitations of their work and ways in which it can be compromised. This is due to the exigencies of donor dependency and the politics of fundraising, the social, cultural, and political contexts in which the organizations operate and the expectations and demands of their supporters, and the nature of human rights as a movement, body of law, and expression of moral idealism that can sometimes obscure its prejudices, assumptions, and pathologies of power. 本篇评论文呼吁与人权非政府组织(具体而言,即国际特赦组织和人权观察组织)建立更重要的关系。我论证,这些组织的政治、立场和权力经常被混为一谈,因为它们本质上是不完美的组织,通过人权的道德原则和国际人权法本身来产生权力和影响力,而这些原则和法律以世俗伦理的方式被普遍认为是无懈可击和神圣的。我认为,这种政治、立场和权力的混杂——通常是组织本身一种有意的战略——破坏了其工作的完整性以及让其对人权倡导负责的能力。本文阐明了这两个组织如何忽视对人权的尊重,特别是平等和普遍性原则。本文还进一步论证,两个组织都需要更加谦虚和诚实地对待其工作的伦理限制、法律限制和实际限制,以及其工作可能受到损害的方式。这归因于捐助者依赖的紧迫性和筹款的政治、组织运作的社会情境、文化情境、政治情境及其支持者的期望和要求,人权作为一项运动的性质、法律体系、以及道德理想主义的表达,这种表达有时会掩盖其偏见、假设和权力病态。 Este artículo de comentario pide una relación más crítica con las ONG de derechos humanos; específicamente, Amnistía Internacional y Human Rights Watch. Sostengo que su política, posici