关键词： 开放银行   数据风险   数据共享   法律规制  

摘要： 开放银行商业模式对传统银行业产生颠覆性的影响,为银行业注入了新的活力。开放银行的核心是数据共享,通过数据共享激活银行内海量金融信用数据的价值,创建共赢的生态体系。但数据共享也带来了数据授权风险、数据安全风险与数据滥用风险。数据风险的主要成因是:知情同意机制失灵;未对接受数据共享的主体设置明确的准入标准;缺少数据共享阶段的信息披露机制导致数据使用的透明度降低。防范开放银行带来的数据风险可从以下方面着手:完善现有的授权机制,保障客户基于自由意志作出授权;建立第三方准入审核机制,阻挡不合规的第三方机构加入数据共享链;强化参与方的信息披露义务,缓解信息不对称。

关键词： 《反分裂国家法》   反分裂   反干涉   融合发展   国家统一   “一国两制”台湾方案  

摘要： 经历以零散化法律文件为载体的规范积累和以专门性基本法律为主干的丰富发展后,一个以宪法为统领、以《反分裂国家法》为主干,由法律、法规、声明、命令、条约、决议等共同构成的反分裂国家法律机制日趋完备。反分裂国家法律机制有力震慑和遏制了“台独”分裂活动、有效维护和保障了和平统一政治实践,但其对国家统一进程的推动效应尚可进一步强化。新形势下推动反分裂国家法律机制发展,应着力强化反分裂国家法律机制的国家统一导向、加强实际管辖措施法律和政策储备箱建设、完善两岸融合发展的法治保障措施、探索“一国两制”台湾方案的体系化构建。

关键词： 大数据   生活垃圾分类   政策法律化   多元共治  

摘要： 大数据驱动生活垃圾分类既是提高生活垃圾治理效能的重要举措之一,也是培育固体废物治理领域新质生产力的重要体现。在对大数据技术与法律规制内在逻辑进行探究的基础上,结合当前我国大数据驱动生活垃圾分类法制现状发现,政策法律化进程缓慢、数据收集与处理协同机制不健全、基层生活垃圾分类政策实施效果不佳等法律困境是制约大数据赋能垃圾分类治理的梗阻所在。破解这一困境的路径为:一是在生态环境法典编纂的契机下,整合和优化相关法律制度,将大数据赋能垃圾分类治理融入生态环境法典,既可以实现政策向法律的转化,又可以保证法律体系的协同性;二是通过建立政府主导下的跨界协同机制,突破数据垄断与数据鸿沟的桎梏,实现大数据赋能垃圾分类多元共治,提高治理效能;三是从社区治理现代化、社区治理共同体、居民守法自主化三个维度入手,提升基层垃圾分类政策实施效果。此外,破解大数据驱动下生活垃圾分类法律困境可以为大数据赋能生态环境领域提供法治经验,从而高质量助推生态文明建设“行稳致远”。Driven by big data, the classification of domestic waste is not only a critical measure to enhance the efficiency of waste management but also an important manifestation of cultivating new productive forces in solid waste governance. On the basis of exploring the intrinsic logic between big data technology and legal regulation, and in conjunction with the current legal status of big data-driven household waste classification in China, it is found that the slow progress of policy legalization, the inadequacy of collaborative mechanisms for data collection and processing, and the poor implementation outcomes of grassroots-level waste classification policies constitute significant legal challenges. These challenges hinder the effective application of big data in enhancing waste classification governance. To address these issues, this paper proposes the following pathways: Firstly, leveraging the opportunity of codifying environmental laws, it suggests integrating and optimizing relevant legal systems to incorporate big data-empowered waste sorting into the Environmental Law Code. This approach can facilitate the transition from policy to law while ensuring the synergy of the legal system. Secondly, establishing a cross-boundary collaboration mechanism under government leadership can overcome the constraints of data monopolies and the digital divide, promoting multi-stakeholder co-governance empowered by big data, thereby enhancing governance efficiency. Thirdly, improvements in grassroots policy implementation can be achieved by modernizing community go

关键词： 人脸识别   公共管理   公共安全   个人信息权益  

摘要： 现行法律规范体系已初步构建了人脸信息应用于公共监管的法律框架,基于维护公共利益,合法基础通过目的限制原则来识别信息处理的合法正当性,在此基础上,信息处理行为可以豁免取得同意的义务,告知义务也可能因执法便利的需要而被适度免除或缩减。然而,过于宽松的信息处理规则,在技术应用的实践中面临信息处理行为合法性基础判断存疑、公众知情权无法保障、过度收集信息等法律风险,为确保信息的合规利用并防范侵害个人信息权益,应完善具体场景下的政策指导,强化信息主体的告知与参与机制,引入比例原则和强化监管与问责机制。

关键词： 数字平台   算法   价格歧视   法律规制  

摘要： 随着数字经济时代智能技术的迅猛发展,算法自主获取信息的能力显著增强。算法自动化决策工具的使用使得数字平台经营者愈加依赖大数据及算法程序开展营销活动。在此过程中算法价格歧视问题日益凸显,在给用户带来一定程度便利的同时,由算法引发的侵害用户权益问题也频繁出现。对消费者权益、市场竞争秩序和社会公平造成了严重冲击。鉴于此,通过对数字平台算法价格歧视行为的法律规制现状进行分析,提出应构建统一的法律规制体系,创新治理模式等建议。为促进数字平台交易行为、保护消费者合法权益、维护市场秩序、推动算法等新技术有序、健康、可持续发展提供有效对策,为数字经济注入更多动力。With the rapid development of intelligent technology in the digital economy era, the ability to independently obtain information on algorithms has increased significantly. The use of algorithm automation decision tools makes digital platform operators more dependent on big data and algorithm programs to carry out marketing activities. In the process, the issue of algorithm price discrimination is increasingly prominent. While bringing a certain degree of convenience to users, the issue of infringement of user rights caused by algorithms also frequently occurs. It has caused a serious impact on consumer rights, market competition, and social fairness. In view of this, analyze the status quo of the legal regulation of the digital platform algorithm price discrimination behavior, and propose suggestions such as a unified legal regulation system and innovative governance model. It provides effective countermeasures to promote the orderly, healthy, and sustainable development of new technologies such as digital platform trading behaviors, protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, maintain market order, and promote algorithms, and inject more motivation into the digital economy.

关键词： 法律试题   法治思想   法律思维   法治实践  

摘要： 2024年高考思想政治法律试题贯彻落实习近平法治思想,紧密结合新时代人民生活和法治建设成就,落实全面依法治国的总体要求。试题关注社会热点,回应人民群众新要求,贴近人民生活,彰显法治价值;体现法德合治,用道德浸润法治,以德润人心,涵养法治情感;强调系统整合,侧重规范理解,创建具身场域,考查法治思维;导向综合教学,注重单元整体,突出实践探索,推动法治参与。

关键词： 爱国主义   法律保障   依法治国  

摘要： 新中国成立75年来,我国爱国主义法律保障的实践演进,经历了起步探索、布局启动、初步建成和全面深化四个阶段。75年来,我国爱国主义法律保障实践取得了巨大成就,有效规范了爱国主义行为,广泛凝聚了爱国守法共识,有力打击了分裂主义活动。我国爱国主义法律保障实践启示当下,要想进一步建构当代中国爱国主义法律保障体系,就必须深化相关理论研究,健全爱国主义法律,加大行政执法力度等。

关键词： 不确定性法律概念   法律解释方法   价值补充  

摘要： 行政立法中充斥着大量的不确定性法律概念,如何对其界定和解释成为司法实务界和学术界普遍关注的问题,司法实务界关注的是不确定性法律概念与行政裁量权的关联性,而学术界关注的是不确定性法律概念的具体路径。将甘露案作为本文的研究脉络,探讨不确定性法律概念的有关基础知识,通过界定不确定性法律概念的内涵、特征与类型,明确了不同类型的不确定性概念面临的不同具体化困境和相应的优化路径,行政主体和审判机关对同案所涉的不确定性法律概念都享有解释权限,但结论之间可能存在矛盾,针对这一现象,可以从平衡法律适用主体之间利益的角度提出完善路径。The administrative legislation is filled with a large number of uncertain legal concepts, and how to define and interpret them has become a common concern in the judicial and academic fields. The judicial practice field focuses on the correlation between uncertain legal concepts and administrative discretion, while the academic field focuses on the specific path of uncertain legal concepts. Taking the Ganlu case as the research context of this article, we explore the basic knowledge of uncertain legal concepts. By defining the connotation, characteristics, and types of uncertain legal concepts, we clarify the different specific difficulties and corresponding optimization paths faced by different types of uncertain concepts. Both administrative and judicial authorities have the power to interpret uncertain legal concepts involved in the same case, but there may be contradictions between the conclusions. To address this phenomenon, we can propose a path for improvement from the perspective of balancing the interests of legal application subjects.

关键词： 众包骑手   交通事故   保险赔偿范围   商业保险   形式性规制  

摘要： 商业保险有助于保障平台众包骑手涉诉交通事故中的受害人权益。但是,平台众包骑手交通事故商业保险赔偿范围条款定性存在争议,影响保险功能的发挥。该条款既不是一般条款,也不构成绝对的免责条款。应根据《民法典》及其合同编通则解释的最新规定,结合条款内容,认定其是具有重大利害关系的条款。对该赔偿范围条款的法律规制,应当考虑到条款在网络场景中的嵌入式特性,通过推进保险人提示或说明义务的标准化、简单化、视频化与案例化,并运用分层规制方法,加强形式性规制。

关键词： 网络直播平台   数据合规   行政监管   平台内部监管   数字法治  

摘要： 数据合规是数据安全治理的重要组成部分,目前已经上升到国家安全战略高度。但是我国网络直播行业数据违规现象频发。我国网络直播平台数据合规监管在行政监管和平台内部监管方面面临着诸多困境,行政监管方面存在多头监管现象严重等问题,平台内部监管面临着管理层合规意识薄弱等困境。解决我国网络直播平台数据违规问题,需要从以上两方面入手。行政监管方面,首先应完善直播平台数据合规相关法律法规;其次,明确监管主体,并充分发挥社会民众和新闻媒体的监督作用。此外,在适用过错推定责任的同时,应确立行政监管的边界和免责事由,并加大激励手段。最后,政府需建立健全事前、事中、事后的防控体系,以优化监管方式。平台内部监管路径的优化则需从培养企业合规文化、增强员工的数据合规意识、并利用区块链技术优化平台数据安全管理体系,力求实现“预警–应急处理–事后救济”的全过程覆盖。Data compliance is a crucial component of data security governance and has now ascended to a national security strategy level. However, data violations are frequent in China’s online live streaming industry. The challenges faced in the regulation of data compliance for online live streaming platforms in China include both administrative supervision and internal platform supervision. Administratively, there are severe issues with overlapping regulatory bodies. Internally, platforms struggle with weak compliance awareness among platform management. To address data violations on online live streaming platforms, solutions must be pursued on both administrative and internal platform regulatory fronts. Administratively, it is imperative to improve the legal and regulatory framework for data compliance on live streaming platforms. Additionally, regulatory responsibilities should be clearly defined and the role of public and media oversight should be maximized. Furthermore, while applying the presumption of fault liability, the boundaries of administrative regulation and grounds for exemption should be established, and incentives should be enhanced. Finally, the government needs to develop a comprehensive prevention and control system for pre-event, during-event, and post-event stages to optimize regulatory methods. For internal platform regulation, improvements should focus on cultivating a compliance culture within enterprises, enhancing data compliance awareness among internal employees, and leveraging blockchain technology to optimize the internal data security management system, aiming for full coverage of