关键词:
大数据
生活垃圾分类
政策法律化
多元共治
摘要:
大数据驱动生活垃圾分类既是提高生活垃圾治理效能的重要举措之一,也是培育固体废物治理领域新质生产力的重要体现。在对大数据技术与法律规制内在逻辑进行探究的基础上,结合当前我国大数据驱动生活垃圾分类法制现状发现,政策法律化进程缓慢、数据收集与处理协同机制不健全、基层生活垃圾分类政策实施效果不佳等法律困境是制约大数据赋能垃圾分类治理的梗阻所在。破解这一困境的路径为:一是在生态环境法典编纂的契机下,整合和优化相关法律制度,将大数据赋能垃圾分类治理融入生态环境法典,既可以实现政策向法律的转化,又可以保证法律体系的协同性;二是通过建立政府主导下的跨界协同机制,突破数据垄断与数据鸿沟的桎梏,实现大数据赋能垃圾分类多元共治,提高治理效能;三是从社区治理现代化、社区治理共同体、居民守法自主化三个维度入手,提升基层垃圾分类政策实施效果。此外,破解大数据驱动下生活垃圾分类法律困境可以为大数据赋能生态环境领域提供法治经验,从而高质量助推生态文明建设“行稳致远”。Driven by big data, the classification of domestic waste is not only a critical measure to enhance the efficiency of waste management but also an important manifestation of cultivating new productive forces in solid waste governance. On the basis of exploring the intrinsic logic between big data technology and legal regulation, and in conjunction with the current legal status of big data-driven household waste classification in China, it is found that the slow progress of policy legalization, the inadequacy of collaborative mechanisms for data collection and processing, and the poor implementation outcomes of grassroots-level waste classification policies constitute significant legal challenges. These challenges hinder the effective application of big data in enhancing waste classification governance. To address these issues, this paper proposes the following pathways: Firstly, leveraging the opportunity of codifying environmental laws, it suggests integrating and optimizing relevant legal systems to incorporate big data-empowered waste sorting into the Environmental Law Code. This approach can facilitate the transition from policy to law while ensuring the synergy of the legal system. Secondly, establishing a cross-boundary collaboration mechanism under government leadership can overcome the constraints of data monopolies and the digital divide, promoting multi-stakeholder co-governance empowered by big data, thereby enhancing governance efficiency. Thirdly, improvements in grassroots policy implementation can be achieved by modernizing community go