标准号: LY/T 2232-2013

摘要： 本标准规定了工作压力不低于3.45 MPa、流量不低于3 L/min的背负式高压细水雾灭火机(以下简称灭火机)的术语和定义、型号编制方法、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、使用说明书、包装、运输和贮存。本标准适用于以汽油机为动力的,液泵为活塞泵、柱塞泵的背负式高压细水雾灭火机。

关键词： Electrochemistry  

摘要： Quantum mechanical theory of electrochemical kinetics based on Fermi's golden rule was formulated by introducing the concept of electron-transfer distance. The expressions for the exchange current density and standard rate constant in electrochemistry were derived in analytical form, as well as exponential current overpotential dependence. The theory corresponds well to the electrode kinetics based on the transition state theory that is familiar at present with many electrochemists. It was applied to various kinds of electrode reactions to analyze the standard rate constants and the exchange current densities reported in past literature. The evaluated magnitudes of the electron exchange energy were very small, being in the order of 10(-3)-10(-5) eV. This theory supports the ordinary electron-transfer mechanism due to the overlap of wave functions between the electrode and redox species, denying tunneling mechanism.

关键词： composites   crystallization   kinetics   mechanical properties  

摘要： The isothermal crystallization and mechanical behavior of polycaprolactone (PCL) with zinc oxide (ZnO) with oleic acid and glycerol monooleate (GMO) were studied. Theoretical melting points calculated by the Flory-Huggins and Thompson-Gibbs models were thoroughly compared with differential scanning calorimetry experimental observations. The isothermal crystallization kinetic parameters by Avrami analysis showed that crystallization was controlled by nucleation, crystal growth was spherical, and the nucleation type changed between thermal and athermal nucleation. X-ray diffraction showed that when the additives were used together both the crystal thickness and the degree of crystallinity increased. A multiple-response regression analysis was made with the ZnO, oleic acid, and GMO concentrations as variables and the crystallinity as output. Interaction parameters by the Pukanzky model were calculated from the tensile strength at the yield point and indicated that the addition of oleic acid or GMO improved the interface between the ZnO particles and PCL. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1259-1275, 2013

关键词： RESONATORS   NANOELECTROMECHANICAL systems   ELECTROMECHANICAL devices   OPTOMECHANICS   ATOMIC force microscopes  

摘要： We quantify the Brownian driven, stochastic dynamics of an elastic nanobeam immersed in a viscous fluid that is partially wrapped around a microdisk optical resonator. This configuration has been proposed as an optomechanical and nanoscale analog of the atomic force microscope [Srinivasan et al., Nano Lett. 11, 791 ( 2011)]. A small gap between the nanobeam and microdisk is necessary for the optomechanical transduction of the mechanical motion of the nanobeam. We compute the stochastic dynamics of the nanobeam in fluid for the precise conditions of the laboratory using deterministic finite element simulations and the fluctuation dissipation theorem. We investigate the dynamics of a nanobeam in water and in air and quantify the significance of the fluid-solid interaction between the nanobeam and the optical resonator. Our results in air show that, despite the complex geometry of the nanobeam, it can still be represented approximately as a damped simple harmonic oscillator. On the other hand, when the nanobeam is immersed in water there are significant deviations from the dynamics of a simple harmonic oscillator. The small gap between the nanobeam and the microdisk is found to be a significant source of additional dissipation. In air, the quality factor of the mechanical oscillation of the nanobeam is reduced by an order of magnitude due to the presence of the microdisk, however, the dynamics remain underdamped even in the presence of the microdisk. On the other hand, when placed in water, the dynamics without the microdisk is underdamped and with the microdisk the dynamics become strongly over damped. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

关键词： SILVER compounds   METALLIC oxides   DISSOLUTION (Chemistry)   IMPLANTABLE cardioverter-defibrillators   ELECTRIC batteries   SERVICE life (Engineering)  

摘要： Material design strategies for energy storage applications can be considered in two major categories: (1) control of structure and composition and (2) material dimensional control such as the implementation of nanomaterials. Characterization of electrochemical properties determines energy content and possible viability for potential application. Equally critical yet more challenging is quantifying the non-Faradaic parasitic reactions of the active materials and the relationship to battery life. Understanding the significant factors associated with battery lifetimes for the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is critical for the development of new ICD batteries. In situ dissolution of the cathode material has been identified as a major factor in premature end of life for ICD batteries. This study contains the kinetic analyses of silver and vanadium dissolution from the benchmark silver vanadium oxide (SVO) material and two silver vanadium phosphorous oxide (SVPO-H and SVPO-R) materials with differing physical properties in a non-aqueous ICD battery electrolyte. A comparison of the kinetic and mechanistic results for SVO, SVPO-H and SVPO-R provides insight for future material design approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Bainite   Kinetics   Tensile properties  

摘要： The present investigation concerns high performance mechanical components such as crankshafts, injection rails, or many other parts which are manufactured using specially designed steel grades. These steel grades are such that they produce a mostly bainitic microstructure when cooled from a hot-forming process and without the need for heat-treatment. The relationship between cooling conditions (i.e. product dimensions), mechanical properties and bainite transformation kinetics is investigated on laboratory and industrial materials. It is shown that fast transformation kinetics are best to ensure insensitivity to cooling conditions. Material design based on this principles allowed the manufacture of a steel grade that exhibited a constant UTS of approximately 1200 MPa for bars as small as 16 mm up to over 160 mm. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： POLYVINYL acetate   DIELECTRICS   ARRHENIUS equation   GLASS transition temperature   GLASS transitions   SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics)   CHEMICAL relaxation  

摘要： R. Richert has made a comment to a paper of ours in which dielectric measures on poly(vinyl acetate) suggest that there is a change in temperature dependence of the temperature shift factors from Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) to Arrhenius near to the glass transition temperature. He notes that we made an error in the description of his data and further notes that the data we did not use show a VFT behavior to well below the glass transition. Here we respond to the comment and add additional analysis that suggest that the differences in results are related to the differences between time temperature superposition (TTS) of data and fitting the data with a Kohlrausch, Williams, and Watts function. When TTS is used on the data from Wagner and Richert [Polymer38, 255 (1997)] the change in behavior to Arrhenius-like below Tg is recovered.

关键词： POLYVINYL acetate   DIELECTRICS   GLASS transition temperature   CALORIMETRY   GLASS transitions   CHEMICAL equilibrium   DIELECTRIC relaxation   ELECTRIC fields  

摘要： The temperature dependence of polymer dynamics below the standard glass transition is of considerable interest. Glassy relaxation dictates the process of physical aging, and understanding these slow dynamics helps in assessing a possible divergence at a finite temperature. In a recent paper, Zhao and McKenna have measured the equilibrium dynamics of poly(vinyl acetate) in the range from T g ? 15 K to T g + 30 K using Struiks protocol [J. Zhao and G. B. McKenna, J. Chem. Phys.136, 154901 (2012)]. In a figure that is meant to compare their results with dielectric relaxation data from Wagner and Richert [Polymer38, 255 (1997)], dielectric retardation data from that work is shown instead. The corrected figure shows a considerable difference in the two measurements below T g ? 10 K, Arrhenius versus Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann behavior, and a possible source of the difference is discussed.

关键词： 混合动力公交客车   自动机械变速器   换档决策   动态规划  

摘要： 混合动力汽车与传统车有很大区别,目前的混合动力AMT多采用传统的单参数或双参数换档规律,难以充分发挥混合动力的优势。基于简化后混合动力系统模型,建立了混合动力客车燃油经济性、排放性最优和换档频率较低的目标泛函,并设计了基于动态规划的新型求解算法。最后得出了在中国典型城市公交循环工况下的最优换档决策序列。在中国典型城市公交工况下分别使用传统双参数和基于动态规划的换档决策进行仿真和实车试验,结果表明混合动力公交客车应用最优换档决策序列后,其燃油经济性有了明显提高,换档次数明显减少。

关键词： 变压力   研究所   创新   精神   信心   机械   领导班子   经济发展  

摘要： 本刊讯10月22日，机械研究所召开坚定信心、创新发展动员大会。传达贯彻局领导班子对该所经济发展问题专题研究精神。会议号召全所干部职工振奋精神，坚定信心,变压力为动力，积极走创新发展之路,再创新的辉煌。会上,党委书记黄欣向大家通报了所领导班子成员参加局领导班子为本所经济发展问题“会诊”情况。他指出，局领导班子对我所发展高度重视，召开专题会议进行研究，我们必须变压力为动力，静下心，多思考，出实招，认真做。