关键词： polypropylene   microcrystalline cellulose   mechanical properties   nonisothermal crystallization   compatibilizer  

摘要： Polypropylene (PP)/microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) composites and PP/MCC composites modified by maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA) and methyl acrylic acid glycidyl ester grafted PP (PP-g-GMA) respectively were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. The mechanical properties, morphology, and thermal performance were investigated. The nonisothermal crystallization, melting behavior, and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics were investigated by DSC. The results indicated that the addition of MCC had led to the increase of the tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength of PP. PP-g-GMA modification was more conducive to the improvement in tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength. The three types of PP/MCC composites have higher thermal decomposition temperatures, Vicat softening temperatures, and dimensional stability. Nonisothermal crystallizations of PP/MCC composites were in accordance with tridimensional growth with heterogeneous nucleation. Meanwhile, MCC was acted as the nucleating agent in PP matrix, which increased the crystallization temperature. PP-g-GMA further increased the crystallization temperature while PP-g-MA weakened the heterogeneous nucleation effect of MCC. Avrami equation and Mo method give a satisfactory description of the crystallization kinetics process. The activation energy of crystallization, nucleation constant, and fold surface free energy of PP were markedly reduced in PP/MCC composites and its compatibilized composites. The value of F(T) systematically increased with increasing relative degree of crystallinity. The addition of microcrystalline cellulose has greatly reduced the spherulitic size of PP.

关键词： cyanoacrylate adhesive   POSS   photo-crosslinking   shrinkage   biocompatibility  

摘要： The study investigates the photo-polymerization shrinkage behavior, dynamic mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of cyanoacrylate bioadhesives containing POSS nanostructures and TMPTMA as crosslinking agents. Adhesives containing 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (2-OCA) and different percentages of POSS nanostructures and TMPTMA as crosslinking agents were prepared. The 1-phenyl-1, 2-propanedione (PPD) was incorporated as photo-initiator into the adhesive in 1.5, 3, and 4 wt %. The shrinkage strain of the specimens was measured using bonded-disk technique. Shrinkage strain, shrinkage strain rate, maximum and time at maximum shrinkage strain rate were measured and compared. Mechanical properties of the adhesives were also studied using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Biocompatibility of the adhesives was examined by MTT method. The results showed that shrinkage strain increased with increasing the initiator concentration up to 3 wt % in POSS-containing and 1.5 wt % in TMPTMA-containing specimens and plateaued out at higher concentrations. By increasing the crosslinking agent, shrinkage strain, and shrinkage strain rate increased and the time at maximum shrinkage strain rate decreased. The study indicates that the incorporation of crosslinking agents into the cyanoacrylate adhesives resulted in improved mechanical properties. Preliminary MTT studies also revealed better biocompatibility profile for the adhesives containing crosslinking agents comparing to the neat specimens. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 99A: 240-248, 2011.

关键词： ACETOPHENONE   AMIDES   CHEMICAL equilibrium   DIMERS   LITHIUM  

摘要： Lithium enolates are widely used nucleophiles with a complicated and only partially understood solution chemistry. Deprotonation of 4-fluoroacetophenone in THF with lithium diisopropylamide occurs through direct reaction of the amide dimer to yield a mixed enolateamide dimer (3), then an enolate homodimer (1-L)(2), and finally an enolate tetramer (1-L)(4), the equilibrium structure. Aldol reactions of both the metastable dimer and the stable tetramer of the enolate were investigated. Each reacted directly with the aldehyde to give a mixed enolate-aldolate aggregate, with the dimer only about 20 times as reactive as the tetramer at -120 degrees C.

关键词： Circular Dichroism   Glucagon/chemistry   Kinetics   Microscopy, Atomic Force   Models, Biological   Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry   Multiprotein Complexes/classification   Polymerization   Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared   Stress, Mechanical  

摘要： Mechanical stress can strongly influence the capability of a protein to aggregate and the kinetics of aggregation, but there is little insight into the underlying mechanism. Here we study the effect of different mechanical stress conditions on the fibrillation of the peptide hormone glucagon, which forms different fibrils depending on temperature, pH, ionic strength, and concentration. A combination of spectroscopic and microscopic data shows that fibrillar polymorphism can also be induced by mechanical stress. We observed two classes of fibrils: a low-stress and a high-stress class, which differ in their kinetic profiles, secondary structure as well as morphology and that are able to self-propagate in a template-dependent fashion. The bending rigidity of the low-stress fibrils is sensitive to the degree of mechanical perturbation. We propose a fibrillation model, where interfaces play a fundamental role in the switch between the two fibrillar classes. Our work also raises the cautionary note that mechanical perturbation is a potential source of variability in the study of fibrillation mechanisms and fibril structures.

关键词： Actinoid Series Elements/chemistry   Chemical Fractionation/instrumentation   Equipment Design   Kinetics   Lanthanoid Series Elements/chemistry   Lanthanoid Series Elements/isolation & purification   Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation   Nuclear Energy   Organic Chemicals/chemistry   Phosphorus/chemistry   Radiochemistry/instrumentation   Solvents/chemistry   Water/chemistry  

摘要： The closing of the nuclear fuel cycle is an unsolved problem of great importance. Separating radionuclides produced in a nuclear reactor is useful both for the storage of nuclear waste and for recycling of nuclear fuel. These separations can be performed by designing appropriate chelation chemistries and liquid-liquid extraction schemes, such as in the TALSPEAK process (Trivalent Actinide-Lanthanide Separation by Phosphorus reagent Extraction from Aqueous Komplexes). However, there are no approved methods for the industrial scale reprocessing of civilian nuclear fuel in the United States. One bottleneck in the design of next-generation solvent extraction-based nuclear fuel reprocessing schemes is a lack of interfacial mass transfer rate constants obtained under well-controlled conditions for lanthanide and actinide ligand complexes;such rate constants are a prerequisite for mechanistic understanding of the extraction chemistries involved and are of great assistance in the design of new chemistries. In addition, rate constants obtained under conditions of known interfacial area have immediate, practical utility in models required for the scaling-up of laboratory-scale demonstrations to industrial-scale solutions. Existing experimental techniques for determining these rate constants suffer from two key drawbacks: either slow mixing or unknown interfacial area. The volume of waste produced by traditional methods is an additional, practical concern in experiments involving radioactive elements, both from disposal cost and experimenter safety standpoints. In this paper, we test a plug-based microfluidic system that uses flowing plugs (droplets) in microfluidic channels to determine absolute interfacial mass transfer rate constants under conditions of both rapid mixing and controlled interfacial area. We utilize this system to determine, for the first time, the rate constants for interfacial transfer of all lanthanides, minus promethium, plus yttrium, under TALSPEAK proce

关键词： 腔光机械   辐射压力   光学多稳态   简正模式分裂   冷却  

摘要： 研究了Fabry-Perot光学腔中包含一个光学参量放大器来增强腔场与机械振子之间的耦合的光机械动力学行为.在解析边带机制下用量子郞之万方程具体研究了振子的涨落光谱、光学多稳态行为、机械阻尼与修正共振频移和基态冷却.通过数值解讨论了辐射压力诱导机械振子和腔场的稳态振幅所展现的光学多稳态行为,同时也分析了辐射压力引起的修正共振频移和机械阻尼与参量增益、输入激光功率和参量相位这三个因素的关系.此外,随着调节泵浦场的参量相位,振子的涨落光谱呈现简正模式分裂.通过精确求解最终有效声子数论证了基态冷却.结果表明,机械振子的冷却由初始浴温度、机械品质因数和参量相位这个三个因素控制.参量相提供一个新的方法来操控非线性光机械动力学.

关键词： 并联机械手   柔性构件   滑模变结构控制   假设模态法  

摘要： 对一种新型两自由度柔性并联机械手的动力学模型和运动控制进行研究。首先,考虑刚—柔耦合影响,利用假设模态法和Lagrange乘子法,推导出系统的动力学方程,该方程为微分—代数方程组。为了设计控制器,采用坐标分块法将该微分—代数方程组化为二阶微分方程组。然后,根据机械手的控制要求,采用滑模变结构方法设计控制器,该控制器能跟踪所期望的运动轨迹,同时柔性构件的弹性振动得到抑制。仿真结果表明该控制器的可行性和有效性。

关键词： 工程机械   动力传动   优化  

摘要： 机械动力传动系统的优化配置是改善机械性能和提高燃油经济性的重要手段。对动力传动系统进行优化配置,其技术经济效果显著。本文结合笔者多年工程机械教学经验,重点研究了改善工程机械的动力性能和燃料经济性。

关键词： 公司债券   宗申   动力机械   债券发行  

摘要： 2011年10月21日证监许可[2011]1681号重庆宗申动力机械股份有限公司:你公司报送的《重庆宗申动力机械股份有限公司关于公开发行公司债券的申请报告》(重宗股[2011]168号)及相关文件收悉。根据《公司法》、《证券法》和《公司债券发行试点办法》(证监会令第49号)等有关规定,经审核,现批复如下:

关键词： 柔性机械臂   多领域建模   机电一体化   建模仿真  

摘要： 柔性机械臂是一个复杂的机电一体化系统,涉及到多个物理领域。传统柔性结构建模一直存在建模复杂、模型不易扩展、运行速度慢等缺点,而且难以实现多领域建模,忽略了不同物理领域相互作用给整体系统所造成的影响。为了提高建模效率和仿真准确度,采用MapleSim多领域建模仿真平台,建立了六自由度柔性机械臂模型,包括柔性臂杆、关节、伺服驱动系统、传感器等。基于模型,从多领域的角度研究了柔性机械臂的动力学特性。该方法建模工作量小,所建模型易修改。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。